scholarly journals The Formation of Expectations, Inflation, and the Phillips Curve

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1447-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Coibion ◽  
Yuriy Gorodnichenko ◽  
Rupal Kamdar
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Rational Expectations ◽  
Phillips Curve ◽  
Rational Expectation ◽  
New Keynesian ◽  
Inflation Expectations ◽  
Full Information ◽  
Macroeconomic Modeling ◽  
Expectations Formation

This paper argues for a careful (re)consideration of the expectations formation process and a more systematic inclusion of real-time expectations through survey data in macroeconomic analyses. While the rational expectations revolution has allowed for great leaps in macroeconomic modeling, the surveyed empirical microevidence appears increasingly at odds with the full-information rational expectation assumption. We explore models of expectation formation that can potentially explain why and how survey data deviate from full-information rational expectations. Using the New Keynesian Phillips curve as an extensive case study, we demonstrate how incorporating survey data on inflation expectations can address a number of otherwise puzzling shortcomings that arise under the assumption of full-information rational expectations. (JEL D04, E24, E27, E31, E37)

scholarly journals Movement of Inflation and New Keynesian Phillips Curve in ASEAN

Economies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Adhitya Wardhono ◽  
M. Abd. Nasir ◽  
Ciplis Gema Qori’ah ◽  
Yulia Indrawati
Keyword(s):  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Phillips Curve ◽  
New Keynesian ◽  
Inflation Expectations ◽  
New Keynesian Phillips Curve ◽  
Method Of Moment ◽  
Inflation Model ◽  
Wage Inflation ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moment ◽  
Forward Looking

The development of the theory of dynamic inflation begins by linking wage inflation and unemployment. In further developments, factor of expectation is classified into inflation model. The study used inflation data is important for ASEAN, because ASEAN is one of the strengths of the international economy. This study analyzes the dynamics of inflation in the ASEAN using framework the New-Keynesian Phillips Curve (NKPC) model. The data used is the quarterly panel data from 5 ASEAN members in the period 2005.QI–2018.QIV. The study of this dynamic inflation applies quarter to quarter inflation data, meaning that the inflation rate is the percentage change in the general price of the current quarter compared to last quarter general price divided by the last quarter. The empirical results are estimated by using the Generalized Method of Moment (GMM), both of the system and first different indicates that the pattern formation of inflation expectations are backward-looking and forward-looking. In addition, the estimated NKPC models show the backward-looking behavior is more dominant than the forward looking. Changes in inflation are not entirely influenced by expectations of inflation in each country. Changes in inflation are also influenced by the output gap, changes in money supply, and exchange rate. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the NKPC models can explain the dynamics of inflation in each country in the ASEAN region.

Estimating the New Keynesian Phillips Curve for the UK: evidence from the inflation-indexed bonds market

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hardik A. Marfatia
Keyword(s):  
Phillips Curve ◽  
New Keynesian ◽  
Inflation Expectations ◽  
New Keynesian Phillips Curve ◽  
Indexed Bonds ◽  
Unobserved Component ◽  
Expected Inflation ◽  
Component Approach ◽  
Unobserved Component Model ◽  
The Uk

Abstract This paper utilizes the information in the inflation-indexed bonds market to estimate the New Keynesian Phillips Curve for the UK using an unobserved component approach. The main advantage of this approach comes from using the Kalman filter to explicitly estimate the unobserved expected inflation from the observed break-even inflation rates – the yield difference between the inflation-indexed bonds and the nominal bonds. Our results show that the expected inflation estimated from the unobserved component model plays a significant role in explaining the inflation dynamics in the UK. The evidence also suggests that the estimated inflation expectations are better able to capture the evolution of actual inflation process as compared to the break-even inflation rate as a proxy for expected inflation.

scholarly journals INFLATION EXPECTATIONS AND MONETARY POLICY DESIGN: EVIDENCE FROM THE LABORATORY

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1035-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damjan Pfajfar ◽  
Blaž Žakelj
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
New Keynesian ◽  
Inflation Expectations ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Policy Regime ◽  
Expectations Formation ◽  
Reaction Coefficient ◽  
Inflation Variability

Using laboratory experiments within a New Keynesian framework, we explore the interaction between the formation of inflation expectations and monetary policy design. The central question in this paper is how to design monetary policy when expectations formation is not perfectly rational. Instrumental rules that use actual rather than forecasted inflation produce lower inflation variability and reduce expectational cycles. A forward-looking Taylor rule where a reaction coefficient equals 4 produces lower inflation variability than rules with reaction coefficients of 1.5 and 1.35. Inflation variability produced with the latter two rules is not significantly different. Moreover, the forecasting rules chosen by subjects appear to vary systematically with the policy regime, with destabilizing mechanisms chosen more often when inflation control is weaker.

Learning in a Medium-Scale DSGE Model with Expectations Based on Small Forecasting Models

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Slobodyan ◽  
Raf Wouters
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Learning ◽  
Rational Expectations ◽  
Phillips Curve ◽  
Inflation Expectations ◽  
Dsge Model ◽  
Wage Dynamics ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Exogenous Shocks ◽  
Forecasting Models ◽  
Empirical Performance

This paper evaluates the empirical performance of a medium-scale DSGE model with agents forming expectations using small forecasting models updated by the Kalman filter. The adaptive learning model fits the data better than the rational expectations (RE) model. Beliefs about the inflation persistence explain the observed decline in the mean and the volatility of inflation as well as Phillips curve flattening. Learning about inflation results in lower estimates for the persistence of the exogenous shocks that drive price and wage dynamics in the RE version of the model. Expectations based on small forecasting models are closely related to the survey evidence on inflation expectations. (JEL C53, D83, D84, E13, E17, E31)

Inflation expectations: An overview of modern approaches

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Ranneva
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Rational Expectations ◽  
Phillips Curve ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Inflation Expectations ◽  
Expectation Formation ◽  
Theoretical Approaches

Modern economic theory considers expectations as a key determinant of actual inflation. How agents form those expectations therefore plays a central role in macroeconomic dynamics and policy-making. The understanding of the expectation formation process and the real-time estimation of expectations are especially important for central banks because they need to be sure that longer-term inflation expectations are anchored at the target of inflation, set by the central bank. When expectations are anchored — it is a clear sign that the monetary policy is effective and that markets trust the central bank. However, it is not easy to assess the expected inflation: it is not observable and cannot be directly measured. Central banks can only use the indirect estimates of this variable. For many years the main theoretical framework for modeling and analysis of inflation expectations was Phillips curve with rational expectations which substituted the adaptive expectations. Today many alternative models of expectation formation are available. The article provides a brief overview of the evolution of theoretical approaches to inflation expectation formation and their impact on the monetary policy. Besides, using the experience of the U.S., the article addresses two main ways to gauge inflation expectations empirically — survey-based measures (for different groups of respondents) and measures based on the data from American financial markets. Shortcomings and merits of both approaches are discussed, as well as the importance of highly developed financial markets, which can become the source of more precise information on inflation expectations.

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