Full Information H2 Control of Borel-Measurable Markov Jump Systems with Multiplicative Noises

This paper addresses an H2 optimal control problem for a class of discrete-time stochastic systems with Markov jump parameter and multiplicative noises. The involved Markov jump parameter is a uniform ergodic Markov chain taking values in a Borel-measurable set. In the presence of exogenous white noise disturbance, Gramian characterization is derived for the H2 norm, which quantifies the stationary variance of output response for the considered systems. Moreover, under the condition that full information of the system state is accessible to measurement, an H2 dynamic optimal control problem is shown to be solved by a zero-order stabilizing feedback controller, which can be represented in terms of the stabilizing solution to a set of coupled stochastic algebraic Riccati equations. Finally, an iterative algorithm is provided to get the approximate solution of the obtained Riccati equations, and a numerical example illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Blow hot and cold: Popular support for the no-concessions policy in terrorist hostage-takings

Governmental responses to the frequently occurring terrorist hostage-takings, in which authorities must weigh the lives of the hostages against the lives of potential future victims, depend on popular support for governmental policy. Despite this, little is known about how people form their judgement of governmental policies in this moral dilemma. We argue that people typically have incomplete information and their policy support for concessions can be substantially altered by changing the information they receive about different consequences. Across three studies (overall N = 1,547) employing both qualitative and quantitative methods, we found that (a) people show lower support for concessions when they have incomplete information, (b) providing information on the benefits of concessions increases support for concessions, (c) support for concessions under full information increases when the benefits outweigh the costs and when a norm prescribes concessions. The potential implications for policymaking are discussed.

On the Robustness and Generality of the Correspondence Bias

People routinely assume correspondence between acts and dispositions. This “correspondence bias” leads people to neglect the power of the situation to influence behavior. However, most of the research documenting the correspondence bias uses paradigms in which the situation operates in the background. The three studies presented here employ novel paradigms in which people have full information about the situation and its effect on behavior. We find that the bias persists in the face of debiasing treatments and even in situations where avoiding it amounts to a simple subtraction problem. We also find that the correspondence bias generalizes to inanimate objects. In light of this new evidence, we reconsider the psychological origins of the correspondence bias.

QOLP-16. PATIENT-REPORTED SELECTION FOR INCIDENTAL FINDINGS IN A COMPREHENSIVE GENOMIC TRIAL: A DANISH SINGLE INSTITUTION EXPERIENCE FROM THE COPENHAGEN GLIOBLASTOMA COHORT

INTRODUCTION Participation in clinical trials is a high priority in the neuro oncology community and requires an informed, signed consent. However, patient information is increasingly complex as many trials include comprehensive molecular analyses and, according to Danish legislation, must include a statement about incidental findings. Incidental findings can range from variants of unknown significance to pathogenic variants in the mismatch repair-genes (MMR) and BRCA1-2. Pathogenic variants have been reported in 1-18% of cancers and can have significant influence for the patient and family. Patients with glioblastoma (GBM) can have impaired cognitive function, both due to GBM and due to morbidity after surgery. This can limit access to clinical trials as some patients might not understand the study information. We investigated whether patients were interested in participating in a comprehensive genomic trial and where they marked their preference of information for incidental findings. PATIENTS AND METHODS 108 consents from a published study from the Copenhagen Glioblastoma Cohort were examined. The study period was 2016-2019 and included whole exome- and RNA sequencing. The consent included three alternatives to receive information about incidental findings; 1) none, 2) if incidental findings could be treated or future disease be prevented or 3) full information even though no treatment or prevention existed. RESULTS A total of 108/111 (97.3%) patients consented to participate. Each category was marked as follows: 33 (30.6%) marked 1), 24 (22.2%) marked 2) and 45 patients (41.7%) marked 3), respectively. Six consents were N/A as either two or no boxes were marked. No pathogenic incidental findings were identified. CONCLUSION We found a high interest in trial participation despite of complex study information. Information about incidental findings was spread between groups with majority of patients interested in receiving full information, suggesting that complex information does not hinder participation in molecular-based trials for GBM patients.

Much Ado About Missingness: A Demonstration of Full Information Maximum Likelihood Estimation to Address Missingness in Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data

The current paper leveraged a large multi-study functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) dataset (N = 363) and a generated missingness paradigm to demonstrate different approaches for handling missing fMRI data under a variety of conditions. The performance of full information maximum likelihood (FIML) estimation, both with and without auxiliary variables, and listwise deletion were compared under different conditions of generated missing data volumes (i.e., 20, 35, and 50%). FIML generally performed better than listwise deletion in replicating results from the full dataset, but differences were small in the absence of auxiliary variables that correlated strongly with fMRI task data. However, when an auxiliary variable created to correlate r = 0.5 with fMRI task data was included, the performance of the FIML model improved, suggesting the potential value of FIML-based approaches for missing fMRI data when a strong auxiliary variable is available. In addition to primary methodological insights, the current study also makes an important contribution to the literature on neural vulnerability factors for obesity. Specifically, results from the full data model show that greater activation in regions implicated in reward processing (caudate and putamen) in response to tastes of milkshake significantly predicted weight gain over the following year. Implications of both methodological and substantive findings are discussed.

Nakhchivan literary atmosphere and literary translation

The presented article discusses the issues of Nakhchivan literary environment and literary translation. It is noted that translation is a creation in itself, and the activities of representatives of the Nakhchivan literary environment in this area are exemplary. In general, during the independence period, some experience was gained in the literary environment of Nakhchivan, translations from German, English and French by our poets and writers Hamid Arzulu, Shirmammad Gulubeyli, Shamil Zaman who is famous as poet, prose-writer and translator were delivered to readers in the form of books and works were published in the press. The examples presented in the article once again prove the perfection of the writers' translation activities, their translations from German, English and French provide the Azerbaijani reader with full information about the society, people and their life of these peoples. Key words: Nakhchivan, literary atmosphere, literary translation, prose, poetry

The Role of Research Ethics Committees: Making a Fair Offer

"In this paper, I engage with the on-going debate about the nature of the task that research ethics committees (RECs) have in coming to assess the ethics of research proposals. Some have argued that the role of RECs is to protect participants from harm in the context of researchers who want to benefit future people. Others have argued that the role of RECs is primarily to ensure that potential participants are provided with full information – enough to make an informed choice. On this later view, RECs protect choice rather than restrict it. I argue that both of these orientations are mistaken and that the role of RECs more akin to a societal overseer who ensures that the research is worthwhile and, most importantly, that it presents a fair offer to potential participants. On this view, the REC’s role is to balance potential harms to participants with the potential benefits of the research in the context of presenting the choice about whether to participate to potential participants. "

COLLECTIVE MONOGRAPH «SOILS OF THE LVIV REGION»: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL SIGNIFICANCE

The peer-reviewed collective monograph “Soils of the Lviv region” reflects longterm studies of the genetic nature, geographical distribution, composition andproperties of the main types and subtypes of soils in the Lviv region. The monograph contains: a preface, 10 chapters, a list of used literature, an application, information about the authors. The text is illustrated with tables, figures, modern photographs of soil profiles. The total volume of the monograph is 424 pages. This is the first theoretical and practical scientific work, which contains full information on the state of soils and soil cover in the Lviv region. Until now, the main source of information about the soils of the region were the materials of a large-scale soil survey carried out in 1957–1961 years and consecrated in the publications of Y. Olenchuk andA. Nikolin “The soils of Lviv region”, which was published in 1969. The peerreviewed monograph is a fundamental scientific work in the field of soil research, problems of modern lands use and protections.

Three Sample Estimates of Fraction of Missing Information From Full Information Maximum Likelihood

In missing data analysis, the reporting of missing rates is insufficient for the readers to determine the impact of missing data on the efficiency of parameter estimates. A more diagnostic measure, the fraction of missing information (FMI), shows how the standard errors of parameter estimates increase from the information loss due to ignorable missing data. FMI is well-known in the multiple imputation literature (Rubin, 1987), but it has only been more recently developed for full information maximum likelihood (Savalei and Rhemtulla, 2012). Sample FMI estimates using this approach have since then been made accessible as part of the lavaan package (Rosseel, 2012) in the R statistical programming language. However, the properties of FMI estimates at finite sample sizes have not been the subject of comprehensive investigation. In this paper, we present a simulation study on the properties of three sample FMI estimates from FIML in two common models in psychology, regression and two-factor analysis. We summarize the performance of these FMI estimates and make recommendations on their application.

AN INSIGHT INTO SICK BUILDING SYNDROME THROUGH AYURVEDA – A REVIEW ARTICLE

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the causes, consequences, and solutions for sick building syndrome (SBS). The approach taken is to evaluate and analyse the causes and symptoms of SBS from various literature and to give it a possible Ayurvedic correlation. The review’s findings reveal the effects of SBS in terms of the variety of medical symptoms experienced, personnel or human resource concerns, and economic impacts. The benefit of the paper is that it provides a comprehensive understanding of SBS from both modern and Ayurvedic perspectives by providing full information on its causation, preventive strategies, and symptomatic management using Ayurvedic principles. Keywords: Sick building syndrome, consequences, medical symptoms, ayurvedic principles