Repugnance as a Constraint on Markets

This essay examines how repugnance sometimes constrains what transactions and markets we see. When my colleagues and I have helped design markets and allocation procedures, we have often found that distaste for certain kinds of transactions is a real constraint, every bit as real as the constraints imposed by technology or by the requirements of incentives and efficiency. I'll first consider a range of examples, from slavery and indentured servitude (which are much more repugnant now than they once were) to lending money for interest (which used to be widely repugnant but no longer is), and from bans on eating horse meat in California to bans on dwarf tossing in France. An example of special interest will be the widespread laws against the buying and selling of organs for transplantation. The historical record suggests that while repugnance can change over time, it can persist for a very long time, although changes in institutions that reflect repugnance can occur relatively quickly when the underlying repugnance changes.

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Caste and dynamics of Iyothee Thass

International Research Journal of Tamil ◽

10.34256/irjt21s147 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (S-1) ◽

pp. 290-295

Author(s):

Angayarkanni C ◽

Kiruthiga K

Keyword(s):

Racial Discrimination ◽

Developing World ◽

Colonial Rule ◽

Change Over Time ◽

Second Stage ◽

Caste Discrimination ◽

Long Time ◽

British Colonial ◽

Over Time

The message of history is that society and its dynamics have been subject to change over time. One of them is caste-based activities. The word "Satyam" is indelible all over India. There has been no change in the view of “caste discrimination” in civilization, education, and even in the developing world. In the early days, people were segregated on the basis of land and occupation. Then they became racist due to the arrival of Vanderis (disguised Brahmins). Racial discrimination sought to keep a large number of people in a state of disgrace. This situation continued for a long time. However, with the advent of British colonial rule in India, "caste discrimination" may have taken a turn for the worse. The missionaries' aim was to seize wealth and spread their religion. Only when we are all united can we restore our self. They said they could be released. Who pioneered the second stage. C. Iyothee Thass Pandit. He has publicly recorded the progress of his people based on Buddhism. This can be seen in the dominance of his views on literature.

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Experiences of Older Adults who Stopped Driving Because of their Visual Impairments: Part 2

Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness ◽

10.1177/0145482x0209600702 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 96 (7) ◽

pp. 485-500 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Anne L. Corn ◽

L. Penny Rosenblum

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Visual Impairment ◽

Special Interest ◽

Visual Impairments ◽

Daily Activities ◽

Change Over Time ◽

Personal Level ◽

Over Time

This article is the second in a three-part series that provides data from interviews of 162 adult subjects aged 60 and older who stopped driving due to a visual impairment. Part Two describes the availability and use of different forms of transportation, ways subjects access transportation to carry out daily activities, subjects’ experiences with drivers, and how nondriving has affected subjects on a personal level. Of special interest is how emotions change over time.

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The Expiration of Commitments in Adelaide Procter's “Homeward Bound”

Victorian Literature and Culture ◽

10.1017/s1060150320000042 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 435-444

Author(s):

Emily Harrington

Keyword(s):

Market Value ◽

Change Over Time ◽

Catholic Faith ◽

Queen Victoria ◽

Long Time ◽

Employment Of Women ◽

Adelaide Anne Procter ◽

A Minor ◽

Over Time ◽

The Way

It has been a long time since the poetry of Adelaide Anne Procter, a favorite of Queen Victoria, captured much interest from readers of poetry, whether they be anthology aficionados, scholars, or students. Now considered a minor poet of the period, she was nevertheless a quintessential poet activist of her day, raising money for and working with the Providence Row Night Refuge, editing and contributing to the English Women's Journal alongside the Langham Place Feminists and the Society for the Employment of Women. She published volumes of her own poems, one of which ran to as many as nineteen editions between 1858 and 1881, and her work was featured regularly in Charles Dickens's periodical Household Words. Her legacy stands as a powerful testimony to the way ideas and tastes change over time. Full of angels, Christmases, quietly suffering children, and pious nuns (she converted to Catholicism in 1851), her poetry is often dismissed as sentimental and clichéd. A glance at her forms reveals many straightforward tetrameters with expected alternating, end-stopped rhymes, an easiness that seems to ally form and content. If Adorno had ever taken the time to read her poetry, he probably would have hated it, not just for its Catholic faith and its frequent focus on sin and redemption, but for its attempt “to work at the level of fundamental attitudes,” typical of committed art. Consider these lines from her frequently anthologized “Homeless,” which asks readers to recognize that their society takes better care of animals, criminals, and commodities than of the homeless poor: For each man knows the market valueOf silk or woolen or cotton…But in counting the riches of EnglandI think our Poor are forgotten.

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Cues to individual identity in songs of songbirds: testing general song characteristics in Chiffchaffs Phylloscopus collybita

Journal of Ornithology ◽

10.1007/s10336-017-1455-6 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 158 (4) ◽

pp. 911-924 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Alexandra Průchová ◽

Pavel Jaška ◽

Pavel Linhart

Keyword(s):

Individual Variation ◽

Individual Identity ◽

Song Type ◽

Song Repertoire ◽

Change Over Time ◽

Long Time ◽

Acoustic Identification ◽

Song Types ◽

Over Time

Abstract Individual variation in vocalizations has been widely studied among different animal taxa, and it is commonly reported that vocalizations could be potentially used to monitor individuals in many species. Songbirds represent a challenging group of animals for the study of signalling of individual identity. They are highly vocal, but their songs are complex and can change over time. In this study, we tested whether general song characteristics, which are independent of song type, can be used to discriminate and consistently identify Chiffchaff males within and between days and between years. There was individual variation in songs of recorded Chiffchaffs, and it was possible to easily discriminate between males at any one point in time. However, the level of re-identification of males across days and years was low. For effective identification it was necessary to compare songs of a single song type. However, Chiffchaffs haphazardly switch among song types, sometimes singing the same song type for a long time, making it difficult to collect equivalent song types or to sample the birds’ full repertoires. For example, 5-min recordings of males taken in different years did not contain equivalent song types, leading to low identification success. Although we were not successful in the re-identification of males based on general song characteristics, we discuss methods of acoustic identification which are not dependent on song repertoire content and are potentially valuable tools for the study of species such as the Chiffchaff.

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