Coronary artery spasm (CAS) is an intense vasoconstriction of coronary arteries that cause total or subtotal vessel occlusion. The cardioprotective effect of sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) has been extensively highlighted in coronary artery diseases. The aims within this study include the investigation of the molecular mechanism by which SIRT1 alleviates CAS. SIRT1 expression was first determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis in an endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced rat CAS model. Interaction among SIRT1, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), myosin light chain kinase/myosin light chain-2 (MLCK/MLC2), and ET-1 was analyzed using luciferase reporter assay, RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. After ectopic expression and depletion experiments in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), contraction and proliferation VSMCs, and expression of contraction-related proteins (α-SMA, calponin, and SM22α) were measured by collagen gel contraction, EdU assay, RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. The obtained results showed that SIRT1 expression was reduced in rat CAS models. However, overexpression of SIRT1 inhibited the contraction and proliferation of VSMCs in vitro. Mechanistic investigation indicated that SIRT1 inhibited NF-κB expression through deacetylation. Moreover, NF-κB could activate the MLCK/MLC2 pathway and up-regulate ET-1 expression by binding to their promoter regions, thus inducing VSMC contraction and proliferation in vitro. In vivo experimental results also revealed that SIRT1 alleviated CAS through regulation of the NF-κB/MLCK/MLC2/ET-1 signaling axis. Collectively, our data suggested that SIRT1 could mediate the deacetylation of NF-κB, disrupt the MLCK/MLC2 pathway and inhibit the expression of ET-1 to relieve CAS, providing a theoretical basis for the prospect of CAS treatment and prevention.
Phosphorylated Myosin Light Chain 2 (p-MLC2) as a Molecular Marker of Antemortem Coronary Artery Spasm
