Research on Prediction Model of Scale Resistance Rate of EC Pipe Outer Wall Based on PCA

The parameters of induction heating of large-diameter pipes have a direct effect on the final processing quality of the elbow, and the complexity of multifield coupling of magnetothermal force in induction heating can make it impossible to quantitatively optimize the design parameters of the induction heating device. In this paper, X80 pipeline steel induction heating is taken as the research object, and a corresponding numerical model is established. The influence of induction heating process parameters on the heating temperature of pipeline steel under the skin effect is determined. First, the influence of process parameters on the heating effect of pipeline steel is quantified by orthogonal test. Then, taking the optimum temperature difference between the inner and outer wall of X80 pipeline steel during the induction heating process as a target, the optimal process parameter set of the pipe induction heating is determined by using neural network genetic algorithm. Finally, comparing the relevant test criteria of the regression equation, the optimum mathematical prediction model of the outer wall temperature of the pipe induction heating process is obtained, which provides a theoretical basis for optimization of the process parameters of the pipe-based induction heating device.

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Effects of Applying a Stochastic Rebound Model in Erosion Prediction of Elbow and Plugged Tee

Volume 2: Symposia and General Papers, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/fedsm2002-31289 ◽

2002 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Xianghui Chen ◽

Brenton S. McLaury ◽

Siamack A. Shirazi

Keyword(s):

Prediction Model ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Oil And Gas Industry ◽

Outer Wall ◽

Stochastic Approach ◽

Solid Particles ◽

Gas Industry ◽

Erosion Prediction ◽

Before And After ◽

Experimental Findings

Solid particle erosion is a complex phenomenon that depends on many factors such as particle and fluid characteristics, type of material being eroded, and flow geometry. Fittings used in the oil and gas industry such as elbows are susceptible to erosion when solid particles are present in the flow. The momentum of particles carries them across streamlines and the particles impinge the outer wall of the elbow resulting in erosion damage. In an erosive environment, plugged tees are commonly used instead of elbows to reduce the erosion especially where space considerations are important and long-radius elbows can not be used. However, it is unclear how much of a reduction in erosion occurs by replacing an elbow with a plugged tee. In order to compare the erosion in an elbow and a plugged tee exposed to the same flow conditions, a CFD-based erosion prediction model is applied. The model has three primary steps: flow modeling, particle tracking, and applying erosion equations. The results from the model agree with experimental findings for the elbow geometry. However, the simulation results for erosion rate generated for the plugged tee requires a stochastic approach. Results obtained with the erosion prediction model before and after this modification are shown.

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Architecture of Radiolitid Rudist (Mollusca) Shell-Wall Structures and its Phylogenetic Implications

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100117054 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 686-687

Author(s):

David H. Sturm ◽

Bob F. Perkins

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Outer Wall ◽

Shell Microstructure ◽

Shell Wall ◽

Wall Structures ◽

Phylogenetic Implications ◽

Cellular Wall ◽

Superfamily Analysis ◽

Central Texas

Each of the seven families of rudists (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Hippuritacea) is characterized by distinctive shell-wall architectures which reflect phylogenetic relationships within the superfamily. Analysis of the complex, calcareous, cellular wall of the attached valve of the radiolite rudist Eoradiolites davidsoni (Hill) from the Comanche Cretaceous of Central Texas indicates that its wall architecture is an elaboration of the simpler monopleurid rudist wall and supports possible radiolite-monopleurid relationships.Several well-preserved specimens of E. davidsoni were sectioned, polished, etched, and carbon and gold coated for SEM examination. Maximum shell microstructure detail was displayed by etching with a 0.7% HC1 solution from 80 to 100 seconds.The shell of E. davidsoni comprises a large, thick-walled, conical, attached valve (AV) and a small, very thin, operculate, free valve (FV) (Fig. 1a). The AV shell is two-layered with a thin inner wall, in which original structures are usually obliterated by recrystallization, and a thick, cellular, outer wall.

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