scholarly journals Διερεύνηση της επίδρασης της φυσιολογίας του εκφύτου, του υποστρώματος και των συνθηκών περιβάλλοντος στην οργανογένεση και τον εγκλιματισμό του quercus euboica

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Επαμεινώνδας Κάρτσωνας
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plant ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Woody Plant Medium

Στην παρούσα εργασία αναπτύχθηκε μέθοδος μικροπολλαπλασιασμού του Quercus euboica Pap, ενός σπάνιου ενδημικού είδους βαλανιδιάς της Ελλάδας. Έκφυτα κόμβων από σπορόφυτα έδωσαν τον υψηλότερο ρυθμό πολλαπλασιασμού από αντίστοιχα ενήλικων φυτών. Ο υψηλότερος ρυθμός πολλαπλασιασμού παρατηρήθηκε σε έκφυτα σποροφύτων ηλικίας ενός έτους σε υπόστρωμα με 1 mg 1⁻¹ ΒΑ. Παρατηρήθηκε επίδραση της εποχής λήψης των εκφύτων στην αντίδρασή τους, καθώς έκφυτα που τοποθετήθηκαν στις αρχές Μαΐου παρουσίασαν υψηλότερο ρυθμό πολλαπλασιασμού σε σχέση με αυτά του Ιουλίου και Σεπτεμβρίου. Οι καλλιέργειες αναπτύχθηκαν σε άλατα του Woody Plant Medium (WPM), με βιταμίνες Mullin και 1.5 ή 3% σακχαρόζη. Διάφορες συγκεντρώσεις κυτοκινινών εξετάστηκαν για την επίδραση τους στον πολλαπλασιασμό των καλλιεργειών και ο υψηλότερος ρυθμός πολλαπλασιασμού επιτεύχθηκε σε υπόστρωμα με 1mg 1⁻¹ ΒΑ και 0.2 mg 1⁻¹ ΙΒΑ. Τα καλύτερα αποτελέσματα ριζοβολίας επιτεύχθηκαν μετά από καλλιέργεια σε 2 mg 1⁻¹ ΙΒΑ για μια εβδομάδα και στη συνέχεια σε υπόστρωμα χωρίς ορμόνες. Η εμβάπτιση της βάσης των μικροβλαστών σε πυκνά διαλύματα ΙΒΑ για διάφορες χρονικές περιόδους και στη συνέχεια καλλιέργεια τους in vitro σε WPM ή ex vitro σε έδαφος, δεν βελτίωσε την ριζοβολία τους, ενώ η χρήση της μεμβράνης sanitas ως κάλυψη των δοχείων καλλιέργειας είχε ευεργετικά αποτελέσματα στη ριζοβολία. Φυτάρια που τοποθετήθηκαν σε έδαφος από την Εύβοια εγκλιματίστηκαν σε υψηλότερο ποσοστό και είχαν καλύτερη ανάπτυξη συγκριτικά με αυτά που τοποθετήθηκαν σε μίγμα compost-περλίτη. Το αποτέλεσμα αυτό οφείλεται στην ύπαρξη μιας μυκόρριζας που βρέθηκε να υπάρχει στο έδαφος από την Εύβοια. Η μελέτη της επίδρασης των διάφορων υλικών κάλυψης έδειξε ότι αυτά επέδρασαν στη συγκέντρωση των αερίων και τη σχετική υγρασία εντός του δοχείου. Αυτό επηρέασε τόσο τα μορφολογικά όσο και τα ανατομικά χαρακτηριστικά των φύλλων που αναπτύχθηκαν. Στα δοχεία που καλύφθηκαν με ημίσκληρο πλαστικό, μεταλλικό ή σκληρό πλαστικό καπάκι παρατηρήθηκαν αλλαγές στη σύσταση των αέριων και υψηλή σχετική υγρασία, ενώ σχηματίστηκαν υπερενυδατομένα φύλλα με μεγάλα σφαιρικά στόματα που δύσκολα έκλειναν και προκαλούσαν γρήγορη αφυδάτωση των φύλλων και χαμηλή επιβίωση των φυταρίων κατά τον εγκλιματισμό. Υπό κάλυψη με μεμβράνη sanitas και magenta καπάκι, παρατηρήθηκε χαμηλή σχετική υγρασία και σχηματίστηκαν φύλλα με μικρά ελλειπτικά στομάτια, που έμοιαζαν με αυτά ex vitro αναπτυσσόμενων φυτών. Ομοίως ρίζες που σχηματίστηκαν υπό μεμβράνη sanitas είχαν ξύλωμα σε υψηλότερη αναλογία ως προς τη συνολική επιφάνεια της ρίζας από ρίζες που αναπτύχθηκαν υπό μεταλλικό καπάκι όπως αυτές ex vitro φυτών.

scholarly journals Propagación in vitro de Psidium guajaba mediante organogénesis directa a partir de segmentos nodales

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiola Ocampo ◽  
Víctor Manuel Núñez
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Direct Organogenesis ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Mass Multiplication ◽  
Woody Plant Medium

<p>Se indujeron múltiples brotes mediante organogénesis directa a partir de segmentos nodales de 10 genotipos diferentes de guayaba. Para ello se estableció un sistema de propagación clonal <em>in vitro </em>combinado con inducción rápida de brotes <em>ex vitro </em>para propagar árboles élite. La utilización de segmentos nodales permitió obtener en poco tiempo brotes adventicios adecuados para multiplicación masiva. La respuesta <em>in vitro </em>de los genotipos fue evaluada usando los medios de cultivo MS (Murashige y Skoog, 1962), Mc (Mascarenhas) y WPM (<em>Woody Plant Medium</em>) suplementados con 0,1 mg•L-1 de ácido indolácetico (AIA) y 0,25 mg•L<sup>-1</sup> de bencilaminopurina (BAP). El procedimiento de desinfección con hipoclorito de sodio previno eficientemente la contaminación de los explantes después de la inoculación en el medio de cultivo. El mayor porcentaje en la inducción de brotes se logró con 0,25 mg•L<sup>-1</sup> de BAP. Los segmentos nodales presentaron de 1 a 2 brotes adventicios por explante después de 15 días de inoculados y de 3 a 7 brotes a los 30 días después del inicio del cultivo. Una vez individualizados los brotes se usaron en una nueva fase de multiplicación masiva en la que se probaron cuatro sustratos diferentes durante el enraizamiento y el endurecimiento. Esta metodología permitió la propagación <em>in vitro </em>de guayaba cuatro semanas después del inicio del cultivo. Los mejores resultados se lograron con el medio WPM que permitió obtener las primeras plántulas enraizadas dos semanas después de la transferencia al sustrato de enraizamiento.</p><p> </p><p><strong>In vitro propagation of Psidium guajaba using direct organogenesis from nodal segments</strong></p><p>Multiple shoots were induced using direct organogenesis from nodal segments of 10 different genotypes of guayaba. For this an in vitro clonal propagation system combined with rapid ex vitro induction of shoots was established in order to propagate elite trees. The use of nodal segments resulted in adventitious shoots adequate for mass multiplication in less time. The in vitro response of the genotypes was evaluated using the culture media MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962), Mc (Mascarenhas) and WPM (Woody Plant Medium) supplemented with 0.1 mg·L-1 of indole acetic acid (IAA) and 0.25 mg·L-1 of benzoaminopurine (BAP). The procedure for sterilizing with sodium hypochlorite effectively prevented the contamination of the explants after the inoculation of the culture medium. The greatest percentage of shoot induction was achieved with 0.25 mg·L-1 of BAP. The nodal segments showed between 1-2 adventitious shoots per explant 15 days post-inoculation and 3-7 shoots 30 days post-inoculation. Once individualized, the shoots were used in a new mass multiplication phase in which four different substrates were tested during rooting and hardening. This methodology permitted the in vitro propagation of guayaba four weeks post-inoculation. The best results were achieved with the WPM medium that resulted in the first rooted plantlets two weeks after the transfer to the rooting substrate.</p>

scholarly journals Micropropagation of Antelope Bitterbrush [Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC.]

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Edson ◽  
David L. Wenny ◽  
Annette Leege-Brusven
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plant ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Full Strength ◽  
Woody Plant Medium ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
In Vitro Survival

In vitro—derived microshoots of antelope bitterbrush, incubated for 1 month in media supplemented with 0.44 μm BA, grew 0.8 and 1.1 cm longer in woody plant medium (WPM) compared to full-strength and half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) media, respectively. Explants cultured in WPM supplemented with 0.44 μm BA and 0.54 μm NAA produced a mean of five axillary shoots per explant. Explants dipped in 0.1% IBA or 0.1% NAA rooted best in 0.1% IBA with 89% success ex vitro vs. 60% success in vitro. Survival of acclimatized plantlets rooted ex vitro was 95%, while 50% survived when rooted in vitro. After 1 year of greenhouse growth, 98% of plantlets survived and flowered. Chemical names used: benzyladenine (BA), 3-indolebutyric acid (IBA), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).

scholarly journals Regeneration of Blueberry Cultivars through Indirect Shoot Organogenesis

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 1045-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongliang Qiu ◽  
Xiangying Wei ◽  
Shufang Fan ◽  
Dawei Jian ◽  
Jianjun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Background ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Shoot Organogenesis ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Woody Plant Medium ◽  
Cultivar Improvement

Leaf explants derived from in vitro–grown shoots of blueberry cultivars Bluejay, Pink Lemonade, Sunshine Blue, and Top Hat were cultured on woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with 9.12 μm 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enylamino) purine or zeatin (ZT) in combination with 1.23, 2.46, or 4.92 μm indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Calluses were induced from the explants and adventitious shoots were regenerated. ‘Sunshine Blue’ and ‘Top Hat’ produced more than four shoots per explant but shoot numbers were less than one for each ‘Pink Lemonade’ explant and about 0.2 per ‘Bluejay’ explant. The results indicate that there is significant difference among cultivars in indirect shoot organogenesis. The differences may be related to their diverse genetic background as they are polyploid hybrids. Microcuttings derived from adventitious shoots of ‘Sunshine Blue’ rooted in vitro in WPM medium supplemented with 9.84 μm IBA and also rooted ex vitro in a peat-based substrate after cuttings were dipped or not dipped in IBA solutions. Direct rooting of microcuttings in the peat-based substrate was effective, suggesting that in vitro rooting may not be necessarily needed. Survival rate of ex vitro–rooted plants in a shaded greenhouse was high, more than 90%. The established shoot regeneration protocols could be used for rapid propagation of ‘Sunshine Blue’ and ‘Top Hat’ and for cultivar improvement through genetic transformation.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of Pacific Dogwood

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1355-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Edson ◽  
David L. Wenny ◽  
Annette Leege-Brusven
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Gluconate ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Caproic Acid ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Disease Resistant ◽  
Woody Plant Medium

Idaho's population of Pacific dogwood (Cornus nuttallii Audubon) has declined. Propagation of disease-resistant clones would be useful to horticulturists and conservation biologists. In vitro-derived microshoots, incubated for 1 month on woody plant medium supplemented with 6.04 mm calcium gluconate and 4.44 μm benzyladenine, produced an average of 3.1 axillary microshoots per explant. Up to 62% of the elongated microshoots had rooted ex vitro 5 weeks following a 4.5%IBA talc dip. Plantlets resumed shoot growth within 2 months of acclimatization, and 70% survived after 1 year. This protocol is more rapid and efficient than propagation by layering or rooting the difficult-to-root stem cuttings of this species. Chemical names used: 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxy-caproic acid (calcium gluconate), benzyladenine (BA), 3-indolebutyric acid (IBA).

scholarly journals Micropropagation of Betula platyphylla ‘Fargo’ via Shoot Tip Culture and Regeneration from Leaf Tissues

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zong-Ming Cheng ◽  
Jeffrey P. Schnurr ◽  
Wenhao Dai
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plant ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Betula Platyphylla ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Dark Treatment ◽  
Woody Plant Medium ◽  
Leaf Tissues

Abstract A micropropagation system was developed for mass propagation of ‘Fargo’® (Dakota Pinnacle™), a newly released cultivar of Asian white birch (Betula platyphylla). Shoot tips from the mature, 7-year-old tree were established on 75% strength Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 0.1 μM thidiazuron. The greatest shoot proliferation occurred on Woody Plant Medium supplemented with 2.2 μM benzyladenine (BA), solidified with 6.5 g/liter agar, and cultured at 24C (75F). Microshoots were rooted in vitro or ex vitro followed by establishment in the greenhouse. A system to regenerate plantlets from leaves of aseptically cultured shoots was also developed. The optimum conditions for shoot regeneration from leaves included a 2-week dark treatment before exposure to a 16/8 hour light/dark photoperiod, use of large and healthy leaf explants, and culture on the Woody Plant Medium containing 20.0 or 30.0 μM BA. The regenerated shoots proliferated on the micropropagation medium and were divided, and the resulting shoots were rooted ex vitro and acclimated in greenhouse conditions.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of the Endangered Shrub Pondberry (Lindera melissifolia [Walt.] Blume)

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy S. Hawkins ◽  
Nathan M. Schiff ◽  
Emile S. Gardiner ◽  
Theodor Leininger ◽  
Margaret S. Devall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plant ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Bottomland Hardwoods ◽  
Mississippi Alluvial Valley ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
In Vitro Proliferation ◽  
Woody Plant Medium

A micropropagation protocol using shoot cultures is described for Lindera melissifolia, a federally listed endangered shrub endemic to the southeastern United States. Stock plants were harvested from native L. melissifolia populations growing in the lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley. In vitro proliferation was on woody plant medium supplemented with 1 μm zeatin. After 6 weeks, zeatin level was increased to 5 μm. Treatment of micropropagated shoots with a liquid auxin (2 indole-3-butyric acid : 1 1-naphthalenacetic acid) resulted in a low mean rooting percentage (≤44%) compared with rooting in the absence of auxins and on a pure peat medium ex vitro, which increased rooting to ≥80%. Time to rooting was 8 weeks. Plants were acclimatized for 2 weeks, then potted in a 2 peat : 1 perlite medium supplemented with superphosphate, 10N–10P–10K, and Milorganite. Micropropagated L. melissifolia stecklings have been successfully outplanted in both controlled and field studies at the Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research (Stoneville, Miss.).

Period of harvest, sprouting ability of cuttings, and in vitro plant regeneration in Fraxinus excelsior

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conceição Eneida Silveira ◽  
Alain Cottignies
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Fraxinus Excelsior ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Apical Bud ◽  
Woody Plant Medium

Propagation by stem cuttings and in vitro culture of apical bud explants were studied on Fraxinus excelsior L. Stem cuttings from 4- to 7-year-old trees growing under natural conditions sprouted only when cuttings were taken from dormant material. Only 6% of those that had sprouted developed roots by the 7th month of culture. Similarly, only apical bud explants harvested during the dormant period sprouted in vitro. Up to 87% of these sprouts developed two to four branching adventitious roots after 5 months of culture. During the initial phase of in vitro culture, the Quoirin and Lepoivre medium and the woody plant medium favoured sprout lengthening. During the phase of multiplication, up to three sprouts per explant developed with the woody plant medium in the presence of a combination of high 6-benzylaminopurine (3.0–4.0 mg∙L−1) and low indole-3-butyric acid (0.01–0.03 mg∙L−1) concentrations. Rooting was obtained in a medium without any growth regulators. Microscopic analysis showed a direct connection between the vascular elements of adventitious roots and stem of plantlet. Chromosome number in root apices of ash plantlets and ash trees grown under natural conditions was 2n = 46. Key words: chromosome number, Fraxinus excelsior L., in vitro plants, micropropagation, stem cuttings.

scholarly journals In vitro establishment and proliferation of red currant cultivars

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sedlák ◽  
F. Paprštein
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plant ◽  
Adventitious Bud ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Adventitious Bud Formation ◽  
Woody Plant Medium ◽  
In Vitro Establishment ◽  
Red Currant

The goal of this study was to investigate in vitro multiplication protocols for use with red currant cultivars grown in the Czech Republic. Cultivars Detvan, Vitan and Rotte H&ouml;llandische were successfully established in vitro using mercuric chloride in a concentration of 0.15% as a sterilization solution. The overall rate of contamination was 25.7%. Two proliferation media Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) and McCown woody plant medium (WPM) containing 1 or 2&nbsp;mg/l of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) were tested. Initial explants produced new plants in the form of rosettes. Rosettes arose from the base of the initial explants in the form of adventitious bud formation. The shoot number was relatively low and varied between 1.0 and 2.1. Generally, the highest number was obtained for cultivar Rotte Holl&auml;ndische that produced 2.1 &plusmn; 0.1 new rosettes on MS medium containing lower concentration 1 mg/l BAP. In contrary, Vitan cv. had significantly lower shoot number ranging from 1.0 to 1.3. WPM medium with a lower concentration of mineral salts proved to be unsuitable for the multiplication of tested cultivars.

Manipulation of desiccation-sensitive axes of wampee (Clausena lansium) to facilitate increased dehydration tolerance

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-400
Author(s):  
J.R. Fu ◽  
X.M. Huang ◽  
S.Q. Songa
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Dehydration Tolerance ◽  
Woody Plant Medium ◽  
Napthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Pre Treatment

AbstractThe plumules of newly-excised wampee embryos, which are more sensitive to dehydration than the roots, became more resistant to water loss when axes were allowed to sprout on woody plant medium [WPM; McCown and Lloyd (1981) Hortscience16, 453] before being dried. Pre-treatment of sprouting axes (seedlings) with sucrose incorporated in the WPM enhanced survival. Although the roots withered following further dehydration of seedlings cultured on WPM containing 60% sucrose, excised plumules were capable of generating adventitious roots when a combination of 10 mM α-napthaleneacetic acid and 10 mM indole-3-butyric acid was used during subsequent in vitro incubation.

scholarly journals Protocolo de micropropagação da goiabeira serrana (Acca sellowiana (Berg) Burret)

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carla Oltramari ◽  
Lirio Luiz Dal Vesco ◽  
Enio Luiz Pedrotti ◽  
Jean-Pierre Henri Joseph Ducroquet ◽  
Rubens Onofre Nodari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plant ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Acca Sellowiana

Visando ao desenvolvimento de um novo protocolo para a micropropagação da goiabeira serrana (Acca sellowiana (Berg) Burret) foram estabelecidos experimentos com segmentos nodais e microestacas. As citocininas 6-Benzilaminopurina (BAP), Cinetina (Kin) e 2-Isopenteniladenina (2-iP) foram adicionadas ao meio de cultura Woody Plant Midium-WPM, visando à proliferação de brotações múltiplas dos genótipos 53B-7, 101, 529 e 152-12 x 458. As microestacas obtidas in vitro foram submetidas a diferentes períodos de indução, em 20 miM de ácido indolbutírico (AIB) e, posteriormente, transferidas para meio de cultura isento desse fitorregulador para a indução de raízes ou, alternativamente, submetidas a diferentes concentrações e tempos de exposição em AIB e transferidas para substrato. As citocininas empregadas não promoveram aumento na taxa de proliferação de brotos em relação à testemunha. O meio de cultura basal WPM, adicionado de Kin (5 miM), proporcionou maior altura média dos brotos. Segmentos nodais do acesso 101 cultivados em meio de cultura WPM, isento de fitorreguladores, apresentaram maiores taxas médias de proliferação. Pulsos de seis dias com AIB (20 miM) induziram uma maior taxa de enraizamento (68,9%), um maior número médio de raízes (1,3 raízes) e raízes com maior comprimento médio (5,6miM). Microestacas enraizadas ex vitro, pela imersão em AIB (100 miM) por 60 minutos, resultaram em maior altura das plantas (45,3mm), número de raízes secundárias (11,3 raízes), massa fresca (1069mg) e seca das raízes (282mg).

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