Haskap Preharvest Fruit Drop and Stop-drop Treatment Testing

Haskap (Lonicera caerulea), also known as honeyberry, is a relatively new fruit crop in North America. To date, most academic activity and research in North America involving haskap has focused on cultivar development and health benefits, with relatively few field experiments providing information to guide field planning and harvest management for the recently released cultivars. In 2020, we documented preharvest fruit drop (PHFD) rates for 15 haskap cultivars planted in a randomized block design at our research center in western Montana with the aim of preliminarily determining whether certain cultivars may be prone to this phenomenon. Additionally, we evaluated two plant growth regulators (PGRs) to reduce PHFD in two cultivars previously observed to have high rates of PHFD. Results suggest cultivar-specific variations in PHFD near berry maturation. Because haskap harvest indices are not well-defined and may be cultivar-specific, we share our 1-year study results as preliminary information and as a call for further research. Cultivars Aurora, Boreal Blizzard, Borealis, Indigo Gem, Kapu, and Tana all had PHFD rates less than 12% of yield, where yield is the weight of berries lost to PHFD plus marketable yield and marketable yield is fruit remaining on the shrub at harvest. Cultivars Chito, Kawai, and Taka had the highest rates of PHFD, although marketable yields were still relatively high, especially for Kawai. We note that ease of fruit detachment is an important consideration in mechanical harvest, and this characteristic could be advantageous if managed appropriately. The PGRs evaluated (1-napthaleneacetic acid and aminoethoxyvinylglycine) did not influence PHFD rates; however, our study was limited by the sample size and by the lack of information regarding haskap abscission physiology. In summary, the haskap cultivars evaluated exhibited variable PHFD rates in the year of the study, and further research is needed to understand haskap fruit maturation, harvest indices, and abscission.

PENGARUH LAMA PERENDAMAN PANGKAL SETEK DALAM LARUTAN NAA (NAPTHALENE ACETIC ACID) PADA PERTUMBUHAN SETEK LADA

Effect of soaking duration on base stem cuttings in NAA solution (Naphthalene Acetic Acid) on the growth of pepper The need for pepper is increasing along with the development of the food industry with the basic ingredients of pepper. The determining factor of the quality of pepper produced comes from the seeds used. This study aims to determine the effect of soaking DURATION on pepper cuttings (Piper nigrum L.) in the Napthaleneacetic Acid (NAA) solution. The study was conducted in October 2018 until February 2019 in the greenhouse and Plant Science Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung. This study uses a completely randomized group design (RKTS). The treatment of immersion base cuttings in NAA (N) solution concentrates 500 ppm consisting of : without NAA (n0), immersion 0 minutes (n1), soaked 15 minutes (n2), soaked 30 minutes (n3), soaked 60 minutes (n4), and soaked 120 minutes (n5). Homogeneity of variability between treatments was tested by Bartlet Test and data additivity was tested by Tukey test, then continued with Variance Analysis (ANARA). Comparison of the middle value with the orthogonal comparison test at α level of 5%. The results showed that: (1) giving NAA affected the number of roots in the book, the fresh weight of the roots in the book, the dry weight of the roots in the book, the total number of roots, and the total fresh weight of the roots; (2) administration of NAA by immersion is better than dipping in the number of roots in the book, the fresh weight of the roots in the book, the dry weight of the roots in the book, the total number of roots, and the total fresh weight of the roots; and (3) length of soaking cuttings in NAA solution has no effect on the growth of pepper cuttings.

Plant Hormones enhance the yield by altering the physio-biological parameters in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.)

A field trial was conducted using three varieties viz., VBN 1, APK 1 and VBN 3 to study the influence of plant growth regulators (PGRs) namely napthaleneacetic acid (NAA), Benzyl adenine (Cytokinin), gibberellic acid (GA3), ethrel, triacontanol, triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA,) mepiquat chloride (MC), salicylic acid (SA) and brassinolide (brassinosteroid (BR) in enhancing the yield potential of pigeonpea. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with three replications. PGRs have significantly enhanced the yield by influencing biochemical and physiological parameters. The variety VBN 3 outperformed the other varieties by recording highest yield. Among different PGR’s tested, BR proved its worthiness in terms of yield and its components by enhancing growth parameters and yield. It can be concluded that foliar application of BR can be used as a physiological intervention to enhance the overall photosynthetic efficiency, total dry matter production, harvest index and grain yield in pigeonpea.

Efektivitas Pemberian IAA, IBA, NAA, dan Root-up pada Pembibitan Kesemek

<p align="center"><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong></p><p><em>Oriental persimmon (<span style="text-decoration: underline;">Diospyros</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">kaki</span> L.) originated from and has mainly been cultivated in China, Korea, and Japan, and currently it is cultivated in Batu, Kuningan, and Brastagi regions, Indonesia. Success in propagating persimmon in Indonesia has been limited. The objective of the study was to determine propagation techniques through root cutting supplemented with auxin treatment. All seedlings from root stock cutting</em><em> </em><em>supplemented with 100 ppm of either indoleacetic acid (IAA), indolebutyric acid (IBA), α-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA), or Root-up, and control. The results showed bud form stem or root cuttings treated with IAA, NAA and Root-up 100 ppm emerged earlier than IBA 100 ppm and control.</em><em> </em><em>The percentage of mortality of Root-up 100 ppm treatment and control cuttings was the highest (50%) than the others treatments. IAA and IBA treatments stimulated larger number of shoot, 16.5 and 17.0 shoots, respectively. The number of leaves was higher in plant treated with IAA 100 ppm (20.8 leaves). </em></p><p><em>Keywords: auxin, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Diospyros</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">kaki</span> L., germination, leaf number, root stock</em></p><p align="center"><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong><strong> </strong></p><p>Tanaman kesemek atau oriental persimmon (<em>Diospyros kaki </em>L.) banyak dibudidayakan di China, Korea, serta Jepang, dan saat ini banyak ditanam di Indonesia seperti di daerah Batu, Kuningan, dan Brastagi. Keberhasilan pembibitan kesemek di Indonesia masih rendah. Penelitian bertujuan untuk memperbanyak tanaman secara vegetatif dari pemisahan tunas akar dengan perlakuan auksin guna mendukung pengembangan pembibitan tanaman kesemek. Perbanyakan tanaman dilakukan dengan tunas akar yang direndam dengan auksin (IAA, IBA, NAA, dan Root-up; masing-masing 100 ppm), serta perlakuan kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan IAA, NAA dan Root-up 100 ppm menghasilkan tunas lebih awal dibandingkan dengan kontrol dan IBA 100 ppm. Tingkat kematian bibit tertinggi mencapai 50% terjadi pada perlakuan Root-up 100 ppm dan kontrol. Jumlah tunas terbanyak dihasilkan oleh perlakuan IAA dan IBA sebanyak 16.5 dan 17.0 tunas. Jumlah daun terbanyak dihasilkan oleh perlakuan IAA 100 ppm (20.8 helai).</p><p>Kata kunci: auksin, <em>Diospyros kaki </em>L., jumlah daun, muncul tunas, tunas akar</p>

In vitro regeneration and PCR-RAPD based detection of somaclonal variation in kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus)

Though direct systems of regeneration through culture of organized meristems usually produce true-to-type plants, variations in the progenies have widely been reported. Fiber producing kenaf plants (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) were regenerated from petiole, hypocotyls and cotyledonous petiole explants on MS medium containing BAP (benzyl amino purine) and NAA (?-napthaleneacetic acid) followed by assessment of regenerants by RAPD markers to detect somaclonal variation among them. Genomic DNA from twenty seven plants [three mother plants and two clones (clone 1 and 2) from each mother plant with three replications] was subjected to random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Fifteen polymorphic loci amplified by three decamer random primers were used to estimate genetic diversity and relatedness in mother plants and their regenerated plantlets. The results showed some degree of polymorphism between mother plants and their regenerated plantlets as well as between regenerated plantlets indicating somaclonal variation among the regenerants. These suggest that the RAPD technique could effectively be used to detect somaclonal variation in H. cannabinus and could be promising for the detection of markers associated with desirable traits.Progressive Agriculture 28 (2): 100-108, 2017

CALLUS INDUCTION IN VITRO OF CACTACEAE FAMILY

Our research goal has been to find the optimal nutrient media for initiation of the primary callus in the species of the Cactaceae family. Common methods of plant biotechnology were used. Primary explants of the cacti were cultivated on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS medium). The content of macro- and microelements has been diluted twice (½ MS) and the vitamins (B1 and B6 – 0.5 mg/l, PP – 1 mg/l) were added, as well as 100 mg/l meso-isonitol and 20 g/l of sucrose. It was determined that callus formation formed efficiently when cultivated on half MS media with 20 g/l sucrose, 3 mg/l 6- benzylaminopurine, 0,2 mg/l indole-3-acetic acid,0,1 mg/l α-napthaleneacetic acid and 5 mg/l ascorbic acid. It was discovered, that for initiation of tissue differentiation and cacti callus formation, high concentrations of cytokinine-active growth regulators are required.

Responses to Propagation Substrate and Rooting Hormone Products to Facilitate Asexual Propagation of Silene chalcedonica and Silene coronaria

Many ornamentals are commercially propagated by cuttings, which is an easy and cost-effective propagation method. Silene L. is a promising genus for extensive use as a landscape ornamental due to its drought tolerance, profuse flowering, and perennial characteristic. Silene is readily cross pollinated, so to ensure genetic purity for breeding and cultivar release, an asexual cutting propagation protocol needs to be established. Adventitious rooting of cuttings of Silene chalcedonica (L.) E.H.L. Krause and Silene coronaria (L.) Clairv. were evaluated using two different propagation substrates and three different root-promoting hormone products. Rooting percentage of S. chalcedonica cuttings was improved by Dip ‘N’ Grow treatment (1,000 mg·L−1), which contains 1% indole-3-butyric acid and 0.5% 1-napthaleneacetic acid, and Hormex Rooting Powder No. 1 (1,000 mg·L−1), which contains 0.10% indole-3-butyric acid; however, 89% of S. coronaria cuttings rooted readily in vermiculite without an auxin treatment. Therefore, rooting success of stem cuttings was highly species related. Because of the relatively low rooting percentage seen in vermiculite (46%) and in perlite (63%) using Dip ’N Grow auxin treatment for S. chalcedonica, an effective stem cutting propagation method still needs to be explored for this species.

Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of peanut and the efficient recovery of transgenic plants

Chen, M., Yang, Q., Wang, T., Chen, N., Pan, L., Chi, X., Yang, Z., Wang, M., and Yu, S. 2015. Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of peanut and the efficient recovery of transgenic plants. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 735–744. Four genotypes of peanut and two sources of explants (cotyledon and mesocotyl) were tested for their susceptibility to genetic transformation by the Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 that harbored the binary vector pCAMBIA1301. This plasmid contains the hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) and β-glucuronidase (GUS) genes, each under the control of a CaMV35S promoter. Comparative analyses of regeneration and transformation efficiencies indicated that mesocotyl was a better target tissue than cotyledon, and peanut genotypes of that mature early and have relatively small seeds (such as Huayu 26 and Huayu 20) were shown to be comparatively responsive to transformation. Sonication of explants soaked with solutions containing Agrobacterium was shown to optimize transformation. Culture of explants on medium supplemented with 3 mg L−1 indole-3-butyric acid and 0.1 mg L−1 napthaleneacetic acid enabled vigorous rooting from almost all transgenic shoots. More than 85% of the transplanted plants could produce morphologically normal flowers and pods with viable seeds. Phenotypic and genotypic monitoring of the inheritance of hpt and GUS genes through two generations indicated the expected 3:1 inheritance. Our results make Agrobacterium-mediated transformation a viable and useful tool for both breeding and functional genomic analysis of peanut.