scholarly journals Η εξέλιξη της ανατομίας στις ευρωπαϊκές ιατρικές σχολές του Μεσαίωνα και της Αναγέννησης

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Αθανάσιος Τσαρακλής
Keyword(s):  
Da Vinci ◽  
Leonardo Da Vinci ◽  
Ambroise Paré ◽  
Andreas Vesalius ◽  
Ambroise Pare

Η ανατομία από την αρχή της εξέλιξης της ιατρικής επιστήμης θεωρήθηκε από τον Ιπποκράτη ως η σημαντικότερη ειδικότητα της ιατρικής εκπαίδευσης. Αν και θρησκευτικοί και ηθικοί λόγοι περιόριζαν για αιώνες τους ανατόμους, εντούτοις μέσω της χειρουργικής και της συγκριτικής ανατομίας, η γνώση καταγράφηκε από πολλούς συγγραφείς της αρχαιότητας. Οι αρχαίες σχολές της Αιγύπτου, της Κίνας, της Ινδίας και της Ελλάδας, ήταν αυτές που κυρίως ώθησαν την ιατρική μέσω της φιλοσοφίας, στην ανέλιξή της σε ανθρώπινη τέχνη. Ο Αλκμαίων, ο Ιπποκράτης, ο Ηρόφιλος, ο Ερασίστρατος θεμελίωσαν την ανατομία στην αρχαία Ελλάδα, δεχόμενοι επιρροές από τις υπόλοιπες σχολές της αρχαιότητας. Κατά τον Μεσαίωνα και την Αναγέννηση, πολλοί καλλιτέχνες όπως ο Leonardo da Vinci ασχολήθηκαν με αυτή, μέσω των ανατομικών τους απεικονίσεων. Σχολές και πανεπιστημιακά κέντρα σε όλη την Ευρώπη, με προεξάρχουσα την Ιταλική χερσόνησο, διαμόρφωσαν τις συνθήκες για την εξέλιξη της ανατομικής τέχνης στη σύγχρονη επιστημονική μορφή της. Ο Κωνσταντίνος ο Αφρικανός, ο Guy de Chauliac, ο Henri de Mondeville, ο Gabriel Fallopius, ο Hieronymus Fabricius ab Aquapendente, ο Andreas Vesalius, ο Guglielmo Saliceti, ο Jacques Dubois, ο Ambroise Paré, ο Αndrea Cesalpino και ο Thomas Willis, είναι μερικές από τις σπουδαίες προσωπικότητες της ανατομίας που μελετώνται εντός της διατριβής. Μαζί με τους κορυφαίους επιστήμονες καταγράφονται και οι σπουδαιότερες σχολές ανατομίας, όπως του Σαλέρνο, της Μπολόνια, της Πάδοβας, του Μονπελιέ, των Παρισίων, του Κέιμπριτζ και της Οξφόρδης, με τα επιτεύγματά τους στην ανατομική, καθώς και ο τρόπος με τον οποίο βοήθησαν στην εξέλιξη της.

scholarly journals NOTAS SOBRE A ATITUDE MODERNA E O CORPO: DISSECAÇÃO, REGISTRO VISUAL, DEMONSTRAÇÃO E EXPERIMENTOS

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
João Dias
Keyword(s):  
Da Vinci ◽  
Leonardo Da Vinci ◽  
Andreas Vesalius

O artigo busca evidenciar nuances da atitudemoderna sobre corpo humano, tendo como centralidade investigações e sistematizações realizadas por Leonardo da Vinci, Andreas Vesalius, e William Harvey. Ao nos aproximarmos de seus mapas de compreensão do corpo humano, apresentamos alguns tensionamentos com relação aos saberes da tradição, antiga e medieval, bem como algumas de suas proposições, que constituem certa epistémê moderna do corpo humano. 

Anatomy and echocardiography of the normal and abnormal mitral valve

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (S3) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Asante-Korang ◽  
Patrick W. O'Leary ◽  
Robert H. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
Da Vinci ◽  
Leonardo Da Vinci ◽  
Atrioventricular Junction ◽  
Andreas Vesalius

Unlike the tricuspid valve, the mitral valve has frequently received the attention of anatomists. Indeed, the drawings made by Leonardo da Vinci still retain their currency,1whilst it was no less a personage than Andreas Vesalius who, as far as we know, first likened the bifoliate appearance of the valve to the Episcopal mitre. It was also Vesalius who recommended that the two leaflets be described as aortic and mural, reflecting their respective relationships to the aortic valve and the parietal atrioventricular junction. It was Roberts and Perloff,2however, who emphasized the necessity, for clinical purposes, of analyzing not only the valvar leaflets, but also the overall valvar complex. As we will demonstrate in our review, this approach to analysis also proves its worth for the echocardiographic recognition of the congenitally malformed valve.

The death of Henry II of France

1992 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 964-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Faria
Keyword(s):  
Medical Consultation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ambroise Paré ◽  
Andreas Vesalius ◽  
Ambroise Pare ◽  
King Henry Ii ◽  
Master Surgeon ◽  
Fine Print

✓ On June 30, 1559, King Henry II of France (1519–1559), against the advice of his court ministers, participated in a fateful joust. The wooden lance of his younger opponent pierced the King's headgear, shattered into fragments, and penetrated his right orbit and temple. The King survived for 11 days following the mortal wound and was treated by two of the most distinguished physicians of the Renaissance: Ambroise Paré (1510–1590), the master surgeon, and Andreas Vesalius (1514–1564), the great anatomist. The unfortunate event, the nature of the injury, and the medical consultation between these eminent physicians should all be of interest to neurosurgeons. The historical consequences of this event are briefly reviewed.

scholarly journals The anatomy of the brain – learned over the centuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Luiz Severo Bem Junior ◽  
Nilson Batista Lemos ◽  
Luís Felipe Gonçalves de Lima ◽  
Artêmio José Araruna Dias ◽  
Otávio da Cunha Ferreira Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Da Vinci ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Leonardo Da Vinci ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
Andreas Vesalius ◽  
The Brain

This article reports the evolution and consolidation of the knowledge of neuroanatomy through the analysis of its history. Thus, we propose to describe in a historical review to summarize the main theories and concepts that emerged throughout brain anatomy history and understand how the socio-historical context can reflect on the nature of scientific knowledge. Therefore, among the diverse scientists, anatomists, doctors, and philosophers who were part of this history, there was a strong influence of the studies of Claudius Galen (AD 129–210), Leonardo da Vinci (1452– 1519), Andreas Vesalius (1514–1564), Franciscus Sylvius (1614–1672), Luigi Rolando (1773–1831), Pierre Paul Broca (1824–1880), Carl Wernicke (1848–1905), Korbinian Brodmann (1868–1918), Wilder Penfield (1891–1976), Mahmut Gazi Yasargil (1925), and Albert Loren Rhoton Jr. (1932–2016) on the fundamentals of neuroanatomy.

Replication of Internal Biological Surfaces

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 308-309
Author(s):  
J. A. Nowell ◽  
J. Pangborn ◽  
W. S. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Da Vinci ◽  
Leonardo Da Vinci ◽  
Rat Lung ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Cerebral Ventricles ◽  
Internal Surfaces ◽  
Biological Surfaces ◽  
Dog Kidney ◽  
Lung And Kidney ◽  
Scanning Electron

Leonardo da Vinci in the 16th century, used injection replica techniques to study internal surfaces of the cerebral ventricles. Developments in replicating media have made it possible for modern morphologists to examine injection replicas of lung and kidney with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Deeply concave surfaces and interrelationships to tubular structures are difficult to examine with the SEM. Injection replicas convert concavities to convexities and tubes to rods, overcoming these difficulties.Batson's plastic was injected into the renal artery of a horse kidney. Latex was injected into the pulmonary artery and cementex in the trachea of a cat. Following polymerization the tissues were removed by digestion in concentrated HCl. Slices of dog kidney were aldehyde fixed by immersion. Rat lung was aldehyde fixed by perfusion via the trachea at 30 cm H2O. Pieces of tissue 10 x 10 x 2 mm were critical point dried using CO2. Selected areas of replicas and tissues were coated with silver and gold and examined with the SEM.

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