scholarly journals Διαχρονική παρακολούθηση των αλλαγών κάλυψης/χρήσης γης, βροχόπτωσης και του κινδύνου διάβρωσης στο Δήμο Νάουσας με τη χρήση πολυφασματικών δορυφορικών εικόνων και Γεωγραφικών Συστημάτων Πληροφοριών

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Γεώργιος Τασιώνας
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Inverse Distance Weighting ◽  
Universal Soil Loss Equation ◽  
Distance Weighting ◽  
Inverse Distance ◽  
Soil Loss Equation

Σκοπός αυτής της διατριβής είναι η μελέτη και η εκτίμηση των διαχρονικών αλλαγών της βροχόπτωσης, της διάβρωσης και της κάλυψης γης του Δήμου Νάουσας, καθώς επίσης και ο υπολογισμός των καμένων εκτάσεων της πόλης διαχρονικά. Για την υλοποίηση αυτού του σκοπού έπρεπε πρώτα να παραχθούν διαχρονικοί χάρτες της βροχόπτωσης, της κάλυψης γης και της διάβρωσης, χρησιμοποιώντας τρεις δορυφορικές εικόνες του Δήμου Ηρωικής Πόλης Νάουσας, διαφορετικών χρονολογιών 2018, 2019 και 2020. Χρησιμοποιώντας μεταδεδομένα των εικόνων, πραγματοποιήθηκε η ατμοσφαιρική και τοπογραφική διόρθωση των εικόνων. Έπειτα έχοντας στοιχεία από δύο βροχομετρικούς σταθμούς του Δήμου (βροχομετρικός σταθμός Αγίου Παύλου και βροχομετρικός σταθμός Δημαρχείου Νάουσας), δημιουργήθηκαν χάρτες βροχόπτωσης για τα τρία έτη (2018, 2019, 2020) καθώς και για τις τέσσερεις περιόδους (εποχές) του έτους, χρησιμοποιώντας τη μέθοδο Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), διότι υπήρχαν δεδομένα από δύο σταθμούς. Στη συνέχεια έγινε ταξινόμηση των διαχρονικών δορυφορικών εικόνων (διαχρονικοί χάρτες χρήσης και κάλυψης γης) με τη χρήση του αλγόριθμου της μέγιστης πιθανοφάνειας (maximum likelihood). Με την ολοκλήρωση του σταδίου της ταξινόμησης δημιουργήθηκαν οι διαχρονικοί χάρτες διάβρωσης χρησιμοποιώντας το μοντέλο διάβρωσης Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE).Τα αποτελέσματα της διατριβής μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν από τις αρμόδιες υπηρεσίες για το σχεδιασμό και υλοποίηση αντιδιαβρωτικών καθώς και αντιπλημμυρικών έργων προστασίας του Δήμου, έτσι ώστε να περιορίσουν τη μελλοντική αύξηση των προβλημάτων αυτών ή ακόμα και να προχωρήσουν στη μελλοντική μείωση αυτών, καταβάλλοντας και προγραμματίζοντας τις απαραίτητες ενέργειες.Τέλος η διδακτορική διατριβή θα αποτελέσει ένα σημαντικό αναπτυξιακό εργαλείο λήψης αποφάσεων αναφορικά με το μελλοντικό έλεγχο των καλλιεργειών, την κατασκευή έργων, την προτεινόμενη μελλοντική αλλαγή των χρήσεων γης, την ποιότητα των καλλιεργειών, τη μελλοντική εκτίμηση του κινδύνου διάβρωσης και στερεοαπορροής συνδυαστικά με την εν δυνάμει ποιοτική και ποσοτική υποβάθμιση των παραγωγικών εδαφών.

KAJIAN EROSI LAHAN DI KAWASAN AIR STRIP RUNWAY 2600 BANDARA DEPATI AMIR (PGK) BERDASARKAN TATA GUNA LAHAN MASTERPLAN ULTIMATE

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-111
Author(s):  
Miskar Maini ◽  
Junita Eka Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Universal Soil Loss Equation ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Sediment Delivery Ratio ◽  
Sediment Delivery ◽  
Soil Loss Equation

Standar permintaan engineering pesawat agar desain bangunan infrastruktur di area Air Strip Runway 2600 yang ada dapat mempunyai fungsi lain. Sedangkan kondisi lain sangat menentukan keselamatan karena lahan di sekitar Air Strip Runway 2600 Bandara Depati Amir (PGK) jika tidak ditutupi vegetasi seperti rumput, kondisi lain lahan yang belum ditutupi vegetasi di sekitar Air Strip Runway 2600 berpotensi akan mengalami erosi lahan, kemudian hasil erosi lahan ini akan terbawa oleh aliran air sehingga akan masuk ke saluran drainase yang akan menyebabkan sedimentasi pada saluran drainase tersebut, akhirnya akan berkurang efektifitas kinerja saluran drainase tersebut. Metode yang digunakan untuk memprediksi laju rata-rata erosi di area Air Strip Runway 2600 dengan memperhitungkan faktor erosivitas hujan, erodibilitas tanah, kemiringan lereng atau panjang lereng, pengelolaan tanaman dan konservasi tanah, yang masing masing tata guna lahan tersebut mengacu pada Masterplan Ultimate Bandara Depati Amir (PGK). Perhitungan dilakukan menggunakan persamaan USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) yang dikembangkan oleh Wischmeier dan Smith (1965, 1978), kemudian Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) dan Sediment Yield.Hasil penelitian ini, prediksi laju erosi permukaan pada area Air Strip Runway 2600 Bandara Depati Amir (PGK) tahun pertama yang mencapai 5,60 mm/tahun atau 100,76 Ton/Ha/tahun, laju erosi tahun kedua mencapai 3,38 mm/tahun atau 60,84 Ton/Ha/tahun dapat diklasifikasikan ke dalam kelas bahaya erosi sedang (kelas III) dan nilai SDR adalah sebesar 56,3%, nilai sediment yield (SR) pada tahun pertama sebesar 5.887,59 Ton/Tahun, pada tahun kedua ketika rumput pada area Air Strip telah tumbuh dengan sempurna terjadi penurunan hasil sediment yield yaitu nilai SR sebesar 3.554,85 Ton/Tahun.

Cover and management factors for the Universal Soil-Loss Equation for forest ecosystems in the Marmara region, Turkey

2005 ◽  
Vol 214 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 118-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Süleyman Özhan ◽  
A. Nihat Balcı ◽  
Necdet Özyuvaci ◽  
Ahmet Hızal ◽  
Ferhat Gökbulak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Universal Soil Loss Equation ◽  
Marmara Region ◽  
Management Factors ◽  
Cover And Management Factors ◽  
Soil Loss Equation

scholarly journals Evaluation of an inverse distance weighting method for patching daily and dekadal rainfall over the Free State Province, South Africa

Water SA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mokhele Edmond Moeletsi ◽  
Zakhele Phumlani Shabalala ◽  
Gert De Nysschen ◽  
Sue Walker
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Inverse Distance Weighting ◽  
Free State ◽  
Weighting Method ◽  
Free State Province ◽  
Distance Weighting ◽  
Inverse Distance

scholarly journals Estimativa da erosividade da chuva por diferentes métodos e seu impacto na equação universal de perdas de solo, no semiárido pernambucano (Estimation of erosivity by different methods and their impact on the universal soil loss equation in Pernambuco semi-arid)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 859
Author(s):  
Joaquim Pedro de Santana Xavier ◽  
Alexandre Hugo Cezar Barros ◽  
Daniel Chaves Webber ◽  
Luciano José de Oliveira Accioly ◽  
Flávio Adriano Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Universal Soil Loss Equation ◽  
Rainfall Erosivity ◽  
R Factor ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Erosion Loss ◽  
R Factors ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Soil Loss Equation

Dentre os diversos métodos indiretos para estimar as perdas de solo por erosão, a Equação Universal de Perdas de Solo (EUPS) é a mais utilizada devido a sua robustez e por ser constituída de uma simples estrutura fatorial, que integra fatores naturais e antrópicos atuantes na perda de solos. A erosão é um dos fenômenos mais danosos ao solo e às atividades humanas e por isso seu estudo é importante. Para o cálculo das perdas de solo por meio da EUPS, a avaliação da erosividade das chuvas (fator R) é essencial, pois estima o fenômeno produzido pelas chuvas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar três metodologias disponíveis de obtenção da erosividade das chuvas para a região do semiárido pernambucano, avaliando sua influência nos resultados da EUPS. Os três modelos selecionados para estimar o Fator R foram desenvolvidos por Wischmeier e Smith (mais conhecido e utilizado), por Silva que estimou valores para diversas regiões do País e por Cantalice e outros que trabalharam especificamente para cada região climática do estado de Pernambuco. Os resultados indicam que as metodologias de Wischmeier e Smith e Silva obtiveram resultados de erosividade da chuva semelhantes, tendo Silva alcançado valores maiores. Cantalice e outros obtiveram os resultados mais baixos. Os resultados da EUPS indicam que, quantitativamente, os diferentes fatores R geram grande diferença nas perdas de solo, porém, qualitativamente chegam a resultados semelhantes na classificação de áreas de maior erosão, de acordo com a FAO. Logo, as três metodologias são viáveis na identificação de áreas prioritárias para a mitigação da erosão.   A B S T R A C TAmong several indirect methods to estimate soil erosion loss, the Universal Soil Loss Equation (EUPS) is the most used due to its robustness and because it is constituted of a simple factorial structure that integrates natural and anthropic factors which act in the loss of soils. Erosion is one of the most damaging phenomena to the soil and the human activities, evidencing the importance of studying it. The evaluation of rainfall erosivity (R factor) is essential for the calculation of soil loss through the EUPS, since it is possible to estimate how significant rainfall is to the occurrence of this phenomenon. The objective of this work was to evaluate three methodologies to obtain the rainfall erosivity available for the semi - arid region of Pernambuco, evaluating its influence on the results of the EUPS. The three models used to estimate the R-factor were developed by Wischmeier and Smith, the best known and used model, Silva who estimated values for several regions of the country and Cantalice and others who worked specifically for each climatic region of the state of Pernambuco. As a result, very similar results of rainfall erosivity were obtained between Wischmeier and Smith´s and Silva´s methodology, with Silva reaching higher values of energy amplitude, while Cantalice and others obtained the lowest results. The results of EUPS indicate that, quantitatively, the different R factors generate a large difference in soil loss, but qualitatively they reach similar results in the classification of areas where erosion are greater, according to the FAO. Therefore, the three methodologies are feasible in the identification of priority areas for erosion mitigation.Keywords: soil, rainfall erosivity, USLE, GIS

scholarly journals Estimation of annual soil erosion dynamics (2005 - 2015) in Pakistan using Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hammad Gilani ◽  
Adeel Ahmad ◽  
Isma Younes ◽  
Sawaid Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Universal Soil Loss Equation ◽  
Rainfall Erosivity ◽  
Slope Length ◽  
Conservation Practice ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
Soil Loss Equation

Abrupt changes in climatic factors, exploitation of natural resources, and land degradation contribute to soil erosion. This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of annual soil erosion dynamics in Pakistan for 2005 and 2015 using publically available climatic, topographic, soil type, and land cover geospatial datasets at 1 km spatial resolution. A well-accepted and widely applied Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) was implemented for the annual soil erosion estimations and mapping by incorporating six factors; rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), slope-length (L), slope-steepness (S), cover management (C) and conservation practice (P). We used a cross tabular or change matrix method to assess the annual soil erosion (ton/ha/year) changes (2005-2015) in terms of areas and spatial distriburtions in four soil erosion classes; i.e. Low (<1), Medium (1–5], High (5-20], and Very high (>20). Major findings of this paper indicated that, at the national scale, an estimated annual soil erosion of 1.79 ± 11.52 ton/ha/year (mean ± standard deviation) was observed in 2005, which increased to 2.47 ±18.14 ton/ha/year in 2015. Among seven administrative units of Pakistan, in Azad Jammu & Kashmir, the average soil erosion doubled from 14.44 ± 35.70 ton/ha/year in 2005 to 28.03 ± 68.24 ton/ha/year in 2015. Spatially explicit and temporal annual analysis of soil erosion provided in this study is essential for various purposes, including the soil conservation and management practices, environmental impact assessment studies, among others.

scholarly journals Analisis Laju Erosi DAS Citarum dari Hulu Hingga Kawasan Muara Menggunakan Sistem Dinamik

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Hari Prihatno ◽  
Johar Setiyadi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Universal Soil Loss Equation ◽  
Soil Loss Equation

Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Citarum merupakan DAS terbesar yang ada di Jawa Barat. Sedimentasi waduk, dan banjir musiman merupakan permasalahan yang sering terjadi dan merupakan akibat dari erosi dan sedimentasi yang berkepanjangan pada DAS Citarum. Erosi tanah oleh air dapat terjadi akibat tumbukan butiran tanah oleh air dan akibat aliran air permukaan. Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah memprediksi seberapa besar laju erosi tahunan pada DAS Citarum dengan memanfaatkan pemodelan Power Sim. Sebagai data inputan untuk model digunakan metode Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), adapun untuk mengetahui laju erosi tahunan yang dinyatakan dalam ton/km2/tahun, dibutuhkan perhitungan data indeks kemiringan lereng, nilai tata guna tanah, erodibilitas dan erosivitas. Hasil perhitungan prediksi hingga 100 tahun menunjukkan laju erosi terkecil secara garis besar berada pada area muara dengan nilai laju erosi lebih dari 60 ton/km2/tahun, sementara laju erosi lebih besar dari 200 ton/km2/tahun dengan prediksi perhitungan 100 tahun kedepan mendominasi area hulu DAS Citarum.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document