Hypothesis: Cancer alloustasis

Despite decades of study, there are still many unanswered questions about cancer metastasis. One of these questions is about the origin of the tumor cells that give rise to metastases. The currently accepted models of cancer metastasis are inconsistent with some clinical observations of the natural history of cancer and its response to therapy, challenging our understanding of the nature of metastasis. Here, we coin a term ‘cancer alloustasis’ to describe the tumor that forms de novo in secondary sites, but is not originated from primary site derived cells. Moreover, we present a complementary hypothesis suggesting that the progenitors of alloustasis are distinct with those of primary tumors and the outgrowth of alloustases is promoted by primary tumors.

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Cell free DNA as an evolving liquid biopsy biomarker for initial diagnosis and therapeutic nursing in Cancer- An evolving aspect in Medical Biotechnology

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/1389201021666201211102710 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Suman Kumar Ray ◽

Sukhes Mukherjee

Keyword(s):

Tumor Cells ◽

Liquid Biopsy ◽

Cancer Metastasis ◽

Nuclear Dna ◽

Fragment Size ◽

Body Fluids ◽

Response To Therapy ◽

Significant Information ◽

Cell Free Dna ◽

Free Dna

: Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is present in numerous body fluids in addition to initiates generally from blood cells. It is undoubtedly the utmost promising tool among all components of liquid biopsy. Liquid biopsy is a specialized method investigating the nonsolid biological tissue by revealing of circulating cells, cell free DNA etc. that enter body fluids. Since, cancer cells disengage from compact tumors circulate in peripheral blood, evaluating blood of cancer patients holds the opportunities for capture and molecular level analysis of various tumor-derived constituents. Cell free DNA samples can deliver a significant perceptions into oncology, for instance tumor heterogeneity, instantaneous tumor development, response to therapy and treatment, comprising immunotherapy and mechanisms of cancer metastasis. Malignant growth at any phase can outhouse tumor cells in addition to fragments of neoplasticity causing DNA into circulatory system giving noble sign of mutation in the tumor at sampling time. Liquid biopsy distinguishes diverse blood based evolving biomarkers comprising circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) or cfDNA, circulating RNA (cfRNA) and exosomes. Cell free DNA are little DNA fragments found circulating in plasma or serum, just as other fluids present in our body. Cell free DNA involves primarily double stranded nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA, present both on a surface level and in the lumen of vesicles. The probable origins of the tumor-inferred portion of cfDNA are apoptosis or tumor necrosis, lysis of CTCs or release of DNA from the tumor cells into circulation. The evolution of innovations, refinement and improvement in therapeutics for determination of cfDNA fragment size and its distribution provide significant information related with pathological conditions of the cell, thus emerging as promising indicator for clinical output in medical biotechnology.

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De novo Familial Cavernous Malformation Presenting with Hemorrhage 12.5 Years after the Initial Hemorrhagic Ictus: Natural History of an Infantile Form

Pediatric Neurosurgery ◽

10.1159/000121115 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 151-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Ismail H. Tekkök ◽

Enrique C.G. Ventureyra

Keyword(s):

Natural History ◽

De Novo ◽

Cavernous Malformation ◽

Infantile Form ◽

History Of

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Nanotechnology-Assisted Isolation and Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells on Microfluidic Devices

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi11080774 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 774 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jie Cheng ◽

Yang Liu ◽

Yang Zhao ◽

Lina Zhang ◽

Lingqian Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tumor Cells ◽

Circulating Tumor Cells ◽

Liquid Biopsy ◽

Cancer Metastasis ◽

Human Peripheral Blood ◽

Microfluidic Devices ◽

Detection Sensitivity ◽

Cell Capture ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Downstream Analysis

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), a type of cancer cell that spreads from primary tumors into human peripheral blood and are considered as a new biomarker of cancer liquid biopsy. It provides the direction for understanding the biology of cancer metastasis and progression. Isolation and analysis of CTCs offer the possibility for early cancer detection and dynamic prognosis monitoring. The extremely low quantity and high heterogeneity of CTCs are the major challenges for the application of CTCs in liquid biopsy. There have been significant research endeavors to develop efficient and reliable approaches to CTC isolation and analysis in the past few decades. With the advancement of microfabrication and nanomaterials, a variety of approaches have now emerged for CTC isolation and analysis on microfluidic platforms combined with nanotechnology. These new approaches show advantages in terms of cell capture efficiency, purity, detection sensitivity and specificity. This review focuses on recent progress in the field of nanotechnology-assisted microfluidics for CTC isolation and detection. Firstly, CTC isolation approaches using nanomaterial-based microfluidic devices are summarized and discussed. The different strategies for CTC release from the devices are specifically outlined. In addition, existing nanotechnology-assisted methods for CTC downstream analysis are summarized. Some perspectives are discussed on the challenges of current methods for CTC studies and promising research directions.

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