Genetic Parameters of Direct and Maternal Effects for Calving Ease in Hanwoo

The most appropriate model for genetic parameters estimation for calving ease and birth weight in beef cattle was selected. A total of 27 402 field records were available from the Czech Charolais breed. For estimation of genetic parameters for calving ease and body weight, three bivariate models were tested: a linear-linear animal model (L-LM) with calving ease classified into four categories (1 – easy; 2–4 – most difficult), a linear-linear animal model (SC-LM) in which calving ease scores were transformed into Snell scores (Snell 1964) and expressed as percentage of assisted calving (ranging 0–100%), and a bivariate threshold-linear animal model (T-LM) with calving ease classified into four categories (1 – easy, 2–4 – most difficult). All tested models included fixed effects for contemporary group (herd × year × season), age of dam, sex and breed of a calf. Random effects included direct and maternal genetic effects, maternal permanent environmental effect, and residual error. Direct heritability estimates for calving ease and birth weight were, with the use of L-LM, SC-LM, and T-LM, from 0.096 ± 0.013 to 0.226 ± 0.024 and from 0.210 ± 0.024 to 0.225 ± 0.026, respectively. Maternal heritability estimates for calving ease and birth weight were, with the use of L-LM, SC-LM, and T-LM, from 0.060 ± 0.031 to 0.104 ± 0.125 and from 0.074 ± 0.041 to 0.075 ± 0.040, respectively. Genetic correlations of direct calving ease with direct birth weight ranged from 0.46 ± 0.06 to 0.50 ± 0.06 for all tested models; whereas maternal genetic correlations between these two traits ranged from 0.24 ± 0.17 to 0.25 ± 0.53. Correlations between direct and maternal genetic effects within-trait were negative and substantial for all tested models (ranging from –0.574 ± 0.125 to –0.680 ± 0.141 for calving ease and from –0.553 ± 0.122 to –0.558 ± 0.118 for birth weight, respectively), illustrating the importance of including this parameter in calving ease evaluations. Results indicate that any of the tested models could be used to reliably estimate genetic parameters for calving ease for beef cattle in the Czech Republic. However, because of advantages in computation time and practical considerations, genetic analysis using SC-LM (transformed data) is recommended.

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Genetic parameters for calving difficulty using complex genetic models in five beef breeds in Australia

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an14571 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

pp. 927 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. G. Jeyaruban ◽

D. J. Johnston ◽

B. Tier ◽

H.-U. Graser

Keyword(s):

Genetic Parameters ◽

Linear Models ◽

Random Effect ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Genetic Effect ◽

Genetic Effects ◽

Gestation Length ◽

Calving Ease ◽

Direct Genetic Effect ◽

Calving Difficulty

Data on Angus (ANG), Charolais (CHA), Hereford (HER), Limousin (LIM) and Simmental (SIM) cattle were used to estimate genetic parameters for calving difficulty (CD), birthweight (BWT) and gestation length (GL) using threshold-linear models and to examine the effect of inclusion of random effect of sire × herd interaction (SxH) in the models. For models without SxH, estimated heritabilities for direct genetic effect of CD were 0.24 (±0.02), 0.22 (±0.04), 0.31 (±0.02), 0.22 (±0.04) and 0.17 (±0.01) for ANG, CHA, HER, LIM and SIM, respectively, whereas maternal heritabilities ranged from 0.13 to 0.20. Estimated heritabilities for direct genetic effect of BWT were 0.38 (±0.01), 0.37 (±0.03), 0.46 (±0.01), 0.35 (±0.02) and 0.36 (±0.01) for ANG, CHR, HER, LIM and SIM, respectively, whereas maternal heritabilities ranged from 0.08 to 0.11. Estimated heritabilities for direct genetic effect of GL were 0.59 (±0.02), 0.42 (±0.04), 0.50 (±0.03), 0.45 (±0.04) and 0.42 (±0.03) for ANG, CHR, HER, LIM and SIM, respectively, whereas maternal heritabilities ranged from 0.03 to 0.09. Genetic correlations between direct genetic effects of CD with BWT were highly positive and with GL were moderately positive for all five breeds. Estimated genetic correlations between direct genetic effects and maternal genetic effects (rdm) ranged across the five breeds from –0.40 (±0.05) to –0.16 (±0.02), –0.41 (±0.03) to –0.27 (±0.08) and –0.47 (±0.10) to –0.06 (±0.12) for BWT, GL and CD, respectively. Fitting SxH interaction as additional random effect significantly increased the log-likelihood for analyses of BWT, GL and CD of all breeds, except for GL of CHA. The estimated heritabilities were less than or equal to the estimates obtained with models omitting SxH. The rdm increased (i.e. became less negative) for BWT, GL and CD of all five breeds. However, the increase for GL was not substantially high in comparison to the increase observed for BWT and CD. Genetic parameters obtained for BWT, GL and CD, by fitting SxH as an additional random effect, are more appropriate to use in the genetic evaluation of calving ease in BREEDPLAN.

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Genetic parameters of calving ease in dairy cattle using threshold and linear models

Italian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1080/1828051x.2018.1482801 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 80-87

Author(s):

António Silvestre ◽

Ângela Martins ◽

Virgínia Santos ◽

Jorge Colaço

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Genetic Parameters ◽

Linear Models ◽

Calving Ease

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Estimates of genetic parameters for growth and skeletal measurements in Thai swamp buffalo

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800051742 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 399-406

Author(s):

K. Meyer ◽

H. -U. Graser ◽

A. Na-Chiangmai

Keyword(s):

Total Variation ◽

Genetic Association ◽

Maternal Effects ◽

Genetic Parameters ◽

Genetic Effects ◽

Environmental Correlations ◽

Length Measurements ◽

Swamp Buffalo ◽

Heritability Estimates ◽

Additive Genetic Effects

AbstractEstimates of genetic parameters were obtained for weight, hip height, heart girth and shoulder to pin length measurements on Thai swamp buffalo, recorded at birth and weaning. Direct heritability estimates were 0·26 for weights at both ages and were low for skeletal measurements, ranging from 0·11 to 0·19. Low values could, in part at least, be caused by inaccuracies in recording. All traits were subject to maternal effects, permanent environmental maternal effects on traits recorded at weaning explaining proportionately up to 0·14 of the total variation. Estimates of genetic (direct and maternal) and permanent environmental correlations between traits recorded at the same time were high throughout, ranging from 0·83 to 0·97 for additive genetic effects and being close to unity otherwise. Except for heart girth measured at weaning, there appeared to be comparatively little genetic association between traits recorded at different times, direct additive correlation estimates ranging from 0·18 to 0·55 in contrast to estimates of 0·38 to 0·65 for correlations with heart girth at weaning.

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Evaluation of models for estimation of genetic parameters and maternal effects for early growth traits of Iranian Baluchi sheep

Small Ruminant Research ◽

10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.10.003 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 104 (1-3) ◽

pp. 62-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

M.A. Abbasi ◽

R. Abdollahi-Arpanahi ◽

A. Maghsoudi ◽

R. Vaez Torshizi ◽

A. Nejati-Javaremi

Keyword(s):

Maternal Effects ◽

Genetic Parameters ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Early Growth ◽

Estimation Of Genetic Parameters

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GENETIC PARAMETERS FOR CALVING EASE IN AYRSHIRES

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas90-007 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 67-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. I. CUE

Keyword(s):

Maximum Likelihood ◽

Key Words ◽

Genetic Correlation ◽

Direct Effect ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Genetic Parameters ◽

Random Effect ◽

Restricted Maximum Likelihood ◽

Calving Ease ◽

Likelihood Model

Estimates of genetic parameters of calving ease were obtained in Ayrshires. A restricted maximum likelihood model was used with the fixed effects of herd, month-season of calving, sex of calf and dam weight, and the random effect of sire (of calf). The heritability of the direct effect in heifers and in adult cows was approximately 2%, with a genetic correlation between the direct effect in heifers and in adult cows of close to 70%. Key words: Variance, heritability, calving ease, Ayrshire

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Estimates of genetic parameters for growth traits of Gobra cattle

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800009474 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 349-355 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

M. Diop ◽

L. D. Van Vleck

Keyword(s):

Animal Models ◽

Maternal Effects ◽

Genetic Parameters ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Random Effect ◽

Random Effect Model ◽

Genetic Effects ◽

Breeding Value ◽

Effect Model ◽

Additive Genetic Effects

AbstractEstimates of (co)variance components and genetic parameters were obtained for birth (no. = 3909), weaning (no. = 3425), yearling (no. = 2763), and final weight (no. = 2142) for Gobra cattle at the Centre de Recherches Zootechniques de Dahra (Senegal), using single trait animal models. Data were analysed by restricted maximum likelihood. Four different animal models were fitted for each trait. Model 1 considered the animal as the only random effect. Model 2 included in addition to the additive direct effect of the animal, the environmental effect due to the dam. Model 3 added the maternal additive genetic effects and allowed a covariance between the direct and maternal genetic effects. Model 4 fitted both maternal genetic and permanent environmental effects. Inclusion of both types of maternal effects (genetic and environmental) provided a better fit for birth and weaning weights than models with one maternal effect only. For yearling and final weights, the improvement was not significant. Important maternal effects werefound for all traits. Estimates of direct heritabilities were substantially higher when maternal effects were ignored. Estimates of direct and maternal heritabilities with model 4 were 0·07 (s.e. 0·03) and 0·04 (s.e. 0·02), 0·20 (s.e. 0·05) and 0·21 (s.e. 0.05), 0·24 (s.e. 0·07) and 0·21 (s.e. 0·06), and 0·14 (s.e. 0·06) and 0.16 (s.e. 0·06) for birth, weaning, yearling and final weights, respectively. Correlations between direct and maternal genetic effects were negative for all traits, and large for weaning and yearling weights with estimates of -0·61 (s.e. 0·33) and -0·50 (s.e. 0·31), respectively. There was a significant positive linear phenotypic trend for weaning and yearling weights. Linear trends for additive direct and maternal breeding values were not significant for any trait except maternal breeding value for yearling weight.

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