scholarly journals Relating Semantics for Epistemic Logic

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-709
Author(s):  
Alessandro Giordani
Keyword(s):  
Explicit Form ◽  
Epistemic Logic ◽  
Justification Logic ◽  
Standard Interpretation ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Simple Strategy ◽  
Logic Of Knowledge ◽  
Elegant Solution

The aim of this paper is to explore the advantages deriving from the application of relating semantics in epistemic logic. As a first step, I will discuss two versions of relating semantics and how they can be differently exploited for studying modal and epistemic operators. Next, I consider several standard frameworks which are suitable for modelling knowledge and related notions, in both their implicit and their explicit form and present a simple strategy by virtue of which they can be associated with intuitive systems of relating logic. As a final step, I will focus on the logic of knowledge based on justification logic and show how relating semantics helps us to provide an elegant solution to some problems related to the standard interpretation of the explicit epistemic operators.

A logic of knowledge based on abstract arguments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yì N Wáng ◽  
Xu Li
Keyword(s):  
Computational Complexity ◽  
Model Checking ◽  
True Belief ◽  
Logical Omniscience ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Logic Of Knowledge ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Soundness And Completeness ◽  
Base Logic

Abstract We introduce a logic of knowledge in a framework in which knowledge is treated as a kind of belief. The framework is based on a standard KD45 characterization of belief, and the characterization of knowledge undergoes the classical tripartite analysis that knowledge is justified true belief, which has a natural link to the studies of logics of evidence and justification. The interpretation of knowledge avoids the unwanted properties of logical omniscience, independent of the choice of the base logic of belief. We axiomatize the logic, prove its soundness and completeness and study the computational complexity results of the model checking and satisfiability problems. We extend the logic to a multi-agent setting and introduce a variant in which belief is characterized in a weaker system to avoid the problem of logical omniscience.

The Logic of Knowledge Based Obligation

Synthese ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 149 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Pacuit ◽  
Rohit Parikh ◽  
Eva Cogan
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Logic Of Knowledge

scholarly journals O PAPEL DAS UNIVERSIDADES EM SISTEMAS DE INOVAÇÃO EM CUBA E URUGUAI: REFLEXÕES PARA O CASO BRASILEIRO

polemica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-162
Author(s):  
Israel Sanches Marcellino ◽  
Elaine Cavalcante Peixoto Borin
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Logic Of Knowledge ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Traditional Pattern ◽  
The Cost

Resumo: Reconhecendo a importância das especificidades de cada local, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o papel das universidades nos Sistemas de Inovação (SI), tendo os casos de Cuba e do Uruguai como estudo. A partir dessa análise, será possível destilar conceitos que proporcionem perspectivas úteis para a compreensão do caso brasileiro. O período atual traz novas dinâmicas ao sistema capitalista com desdobramentos para as lógicas da produção de conhecimento e da inovação. Logo, a emergência de um paradigma baseado em conhecimento e ciência, além das contradições impostas pelo processo de financeirização, tem posto em xeque o padrão tradicional de inserção das universidades nos SI. O avanço da financeirização sobre os orçamentos públicos em países como os da América Latina suscita questões relacionadas ao financiamento das universidades públicas. No esteio da lógica custo-benefício, surgem questões adicionais relacionadas ao impacto social e econômico efetivo das atividades universitárias. As universidades encontram-se compelidas a uma fase de transição em nível global. Essa transição, contudo, é um processo em andamento, pleno de incertezas e sem rumos únicos definidos.Palavras-chave: Sistema de Inovação. Universidade. América Latina.Abstract: Recognizing the importance of the specificities of each location, the aim of this paper is to analyze the role of universities in innovation systems (IS), taking as a study the case of Cuba and Uruguay. From this analysis, it will be possible to distill concepts that provide useful perspectives for understanding the Brazilian case. The present period brings new dynamics to the capitalist system with consequences for the logic of knowledge production and innovation. Thus, the emergence of a knowledge-based and science-based paradigm and the contradictions imposed by the financialization process have challenged the traditional pattern of insertion of universities in IS. The advancement of financialization over public budgets in countries such as Latin America raises questions related to the financing of public universities. Underlying the cost-benefit logic, additional questions arise regarding the effective social and economic impact of university activities. Universities are compelled to undergo a transitional phase at the global level. This transition, however, is an ongoing process, full of uncertainties and with no single defined directions. Keywords: Innovation System. University. Latin America.

Contextualism and the Logic of Knowledge

2019 ◽  
pp. 129-148
Author(s):  
Robert C. Stalnaker
Keyword(s):  
Epistemic Logic ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Knowledge Attribution ◽  
Epistemic Situation ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Logic Of Knowledge ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Analysis Of Knowledge ◽  
Abstract Framework

A discussion of contextualist accounts of knowledge, and of the epistemic logic that is appropriate to them. David Lewis’s account is compared and contrasted with an alternative, a version of an information-theoretic, “normal conditions” analysis of knowledge. The two accounts are formulated in a common abstract framework making it possible to clarify the structural features they share, and those on which they differ. Central concerns of the discussion are the interplay between facts about the attributor’s context and facts about the subject of the knowledge attribution, and the dynamics of knowledge attribution as contexts shift in response to changes in the epistemic situation of both the attributors and the subject.

Principles of epistemic logic I: Knowledge

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-36
Author(s):  
Sven Rosenkranz
Keyword(s):  
Epistemic Logic ◽  
Possible Worlds ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Logical Omniscience ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Logic Of Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Ascriptions ◽  
Objects Of Knowledge ◽  
Untoward Consequence

All epistemic logics come with some idealizations. Not all such idealizations seem acceptable. A large family of epistemic logics assume that if ⌜φ‎⌝ and ⌜ψ‎⌝ are logically equivalent, so are ⌜One knows that φ‎⌝ and ⌜One knows that ψ‎⌝. This assumption, characteristic of normal epistemic logics but also of many non-normal ones, is acceptable only if the objects of knowledge can be construed as sets of possible worlds known under some mode of presentation or other, where knowledge-ascriptions do not yet make those modes explicit. Unlike fine-grained conceptions that reject the assumption, such coarse-grained conceptions of the objects of knowledge have the untoward consequence that failures of logical omniscience are no longer expressible in the logic. But even on coarse-grained conceptions, epistemic logic cannot be expected to be normal. Fine-grained conceptions allow for failures of logical omniscience to be expressible in the logic. On balance, fine-grained conceptions are to be preferred. Against this backdrop, candidate principles for inclusion in the logic of knowledge are critically reviewed in the light of general epistemological considerations. Very few survive closer scrutiny.

scholarly journals Epistemic Logic: A Survey of the Logic of Knowledge

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-537
Author(s):  
Alexandre Ziani De Borba
Keyword(s):  
Epistemic Logic ◽  
Logic Of Knowledge

Review of RESCHER, Nicholas. Epistemic Logic: A Survey of the Logic of Knowledge. Pittsburgh:University of Pittsburgh Press, 2005.

scholarly journals Verification of Distributed Epistemic Gossip Protocols

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 101-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof R. Apt ◽  
Dominik Wojtczak
Keyword(s):  
Epistemic Logic ◽  
Group Communications ◽  
Partial Correctness ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Gossip Protocols

Gossip protocols aim at arriving, by means of point-to-point or group communications, at a situation in which all the agents know each other secrets. Distributed epistemic gossip protocols use as guards formulas from a simple epistemic logic and as statements calls between the agents. They are natural examples of knowledge based programs.We prove here that these protocols are implementable, that their partial correctness is decidable and that termination and two forms of fair termination of these protocols are decidable, as well. To establish these results we show that the definition of semantics and of truth of the underlying logic are decidable.

Is the Personal Always Political?

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny Osborne ◽  
Yannick Dufresne ◽  
Gregory Eady ◽  
Jennifer Lees-Marshment ◽  
Cliff van der Linden
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Political Sophistication ◽  
Knowledge Based

Abstract. Research demonstrates that the negative relationship between Openness to Experience and conservatism is heightened among the informed. We extend this literature using national survey data (Study 1; N = 13,203) and data from students (Study 2; N = 311). As predicted, education – a correlate of political sophistication – strengthened the negative relationship between Openness and conservatism (Study 1). Study 2 employed a knowledge-based measure of political sophistication to show that the Openness × Political Sophistication interaction was restricted to the Openness aspect of Openness. These studies demonstrate that knowledge helps people align their ideology with their personality, but that the Openness × Political Sophistication interaction is specific to one aspect of Openness – nuances that are overlooked in the literature.

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