An Empirical Model of Drug Detailing: Dynamic Competition and Policy Implications

The progress of international trade can provide an illustration for the contribution of comparative advantage theory. However, it has had challenges in front of existence and development of intra-trade. Accordingly, comparative advantage as well as dynamic competition theories has become the basic for not only business performance, trade activies and economy but also policy making process. This writing bases on the review of notions and primary regimes of creative destruction, dynamic competition as well as empirical analysis of selected cases for the differences of dynamic competition perspective from the classical attitudes in past. The analysis especially focusses on what the Austrian changed and developed in comparison with the underlying theory of creative destruction. Under case anlysis as well as relevant discussion, the paper points out the dynamic competition advocators’ productive and ambiguous arguments, particularly the economist Gray Becker’s proposal (Nobel Prize in Economics in 1992). Altogher, the research provides some policy implications and initial suggestion for antitrust regulation in Vietnam after making commendations on congesting suggestions for relaxation of antimonopoly regulation.

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PasarMalam and PasarPaghi

Handbook of Research on Theory and Practice of Global Islamic Finance - Advances in Finance, Accounting, and Economics ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-0218-1.ch008 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 150-160

Author(s):

Masudul Alam Choudhury

Keyword(s):

Empirical Model ◽

Traditional Approach ◽

Basic Needs ◽

Quantitative Measure ◽

Participatory Development ◽

Policy Implications

Pasar Malam (Night bazar) and Pasar Paghi (Morning bazar) are grassroots microenterprises in Malaysia and Indonesia. They combine traditional approach with the scope of modernizing to develop beyond restrained bounds. This chapter recognizes the potential for further organized ways of developing the grassroots enterprises through participatory development of enabling social choices. These opportunities are explained to expand from grassroots to institutional levels, technological appropriateness, and cooperative financing. All are taken up within the sustainability of life-fulfillment regimes of wellbeing and dynamic basic-needs regime of development. In Islamic nomenclature the wellbeing criterion is referred to as maslaha. It denotes the conceptual and quantitative measure of degrees of complementarities between the variables representing choices in the formal evaluative function. This study generalizes the resulting empirical model of wellbeing to strategy and policy implications of a generalized example of the grassroots.

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Some Non-price Explanatory Variables in Fertiliser Demand: The Case of Irrigated Pakistan

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v39i4iipp.477-486 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 39 (4II) ◽

pp. 477-486

Author(s):

Munir Ahmad ◽

M. Ghaffar Chaudhry ◽

Ghulam Mustafa Chaudhry

Keyword(s):

Empirical Model ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Critical Factor ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Explanatory Variables ◽

Key Factor ◽

Model Section ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Fertiliser Use

It follows from the experience of World economies that rising and balanced use of fertilisers is the key factor in agricultural productivity [FAO (1995); SFS and STI (1996); Habib-ur-Rehman (1982) and Pinstrup-Anderson (1976)]. In the case of Pakistan the stepped up fertiliser use has been argued to be incritable to realise existing untapped yield potential of major crops [Johnston and Kilby (1975)] and to induce yield increasing technological change in future [John Mellor Associates and Asianics Agro-Dev. International (1993)]. Although proper malnutrition involves the use of primary, secondary and micro-nutrients, Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus and Potassium (K) or NPK is generally considered to be sufficient to harvest normal crop yields [FAO and IFA (1999)]. Given this situation, this paper looks at various factors that determine fertiliser use in Pakistan. Although price of fertiliser is a critical factor in this respect [Schultz (1965) and Johnston and Cownie (1969)], only non-price factors are considered in this paper due to limitations of data. Apart from this introductory section, the paper comprises of three more sections. The following Section 2 explains the data and the empirical model. Section 3 presents the results. Section 4 summarises the main findings along with their policy implications.

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