Long-Term Exposure to Low-Level NO2 and Mortality among the Elderly Population in the Southeastern United States

BACKGROUND: China’s atmospheric PM2.5 pollution is serious, and PM2.5 exerts a negative impact on the human respiratory system, cardiovascular, and mental health, and even more serious health risk for the elderly with weak immunity. OBJECTIVE: This work aims to analyse the impacts of PM2.5 microenvironment exposure on the health of the elderly and provide corresponding countermeasures. METHODS: The survey subjects are 118 retired elderly people in the community. PM2.5 exposure concentrations are monitored in summer (June 10 ∼ July 10, 2019) and winter (November 25 ∼ December 25, 2019). RESULTS: The exposure concentration in winter is higher than that in summer, with statistical difference (P < 0.05). Under the impact of PM2.5 microenvironment exposure, smoking in the elderly can increase the concentration of PM2.5, and long-term exposure to PM2.5 in the elderly can cause mental health problems. CONCLUSION: Long-term exposure of the elderly to the PM2.5 microenvironment leads to physical diseases and even psychological problems, which requires attention.

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Implications for health services

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.1997.0175 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 352 (1363) ◽

pp. 1887-1893 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

John Grimley Evans

Keyword(s):

Health Services ◽

Political Thought ◽

Elderly Population ◽

Average Duration ◽

Later Life ◽

The Elderly ◽

Services Research ◽

Extrinsic Factors ◽

Progressive Loss

Health services for older people in the NHS have developed pragmatically, and reflect the nature of disease in later life and the need to agree objectives of care with patients. Although services are likely to be able to cope with the immediate future, the growth of the elderly population anticipated from 2030 calls for long–term planning and research. The issue of funding requires immediate political thought and action. Scientifically the focus needs to be on maximizing the efficiency of services by health services research and reducing the incidence of disability in later life through research on its biological and social determinants. Senescence is a progressive loss of adaptability due to an interaction between intrinsic (genetic) processes with extrinsic factors in environment and lifestyle. There are grounds for postulating that a policy of postponement of the onset of disability, by modifications of lifestyle and environment, could reduce the average duration of disability before death. The new political structures of Europe offer underexploited–unexploited opportunities for the necessary research.

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Long-term measurements of the transport of African mineral dust to the southeastern United States: Implications for regional air quality

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres ◽

10.1029/1999jd900072 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 104 (D13) ◽

pp. 15917-15927 ◽

Cited By ~ 399

Author(s):

Joseph M. Prospero

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Air Quality ◽

Mineral Dust ◽

Southeastern United States ◽

Regional Air Quality

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Livestock production and antibiotic resistant pneumonia in the elderly population of the United States

Annals of Global Health ◽

10.1016/j.aogh.2015.02.758 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 81 (1) ◽

pp. 111

Author(s):

K. Howell ◽

G.A. Beresin ◽

G. Jeffries ◽

A. Liss ◽

E. Naumova

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Elderly Population ◽

The Elderly ◽

The United States ◽

Livestock Production ◽

Antibiotic Resistant

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Long-Term Timber Contracts in the Southeastern United States: Updating the Primer Valuation Framework

Forest Science ◽

10.1093/forsci/fxaa020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 66 (6) ◽

pp. 653-665

Author(s):

Hector I Restrepo ◽

Bin Mei ◽

Bronson P Bullock

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Interest Rates ◽

Southeastern United States ◽

Price Volatility ◽

Forest Products ◽

The United States ◽

Raw Material ◽

Conditional Volatility ◽

Material Supply

Abstract Timberland ownership has drastically changed in the United States since the 1980s, driven by the divestitures of vertically integrated forest products companies. Having sold their timberland, forest products companies have exposed themselves more to the risk of raw material supply. To hedge against this risk, forest products companies usually use long-term timber contracts (LTTC). The objective of this article is to update the valuation framework for LTTCs proposed by Shaffer (1984) by including alternative option price models and refining the estimates of some key economic variables. In particular, conditional volatility from the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model and quasi-conditional volatility from rolling estimation windows, in addition to simple standard deviation, are used for the volatility estimates in the option pricing models. Contrary to the previous result by Shaffer (1984), our analysis suggests that LTTCs that were once profitable for forest products companies in the 1980s are no longer so under current market conditions. This is primarily because both timber price volatility and the risk-free interest rates have declined significantly. Thus, to be better off, forest products companies need to either lower the administration and management costs of those LTTCs or rely more on the open market for timber procurement. Study Implications: Forest products companies have traditionally relied on long-term timber contracts (LTTC) negotiated with forest landowners to mitigate the risk of raw material supply. The value of these LTTCs highly depends on the economic context. This research provides some insights into the valuation of LTTCs in the southeastern United States. Forest products companies can use this updated framework to aid their decisionmaking in timber procurement.

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Histological Evidence that Microsclerotia Play a Significant Role in Disease Cycle of the Boxwood Blight Pathogen in Southeastern United States and Implications for Disease Mitigation

Plant Health Progress ◽

10.1094/php-2012-0403-01-br ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 45 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Sarah M. Weeda ◽

Norman L. Dart

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Significant Role ◽

Potential Role ◽

Histological Study ◽

Southeastern United States ◽

Host Tissue ◽

Term Survival ◽

Long Term Survival ◽

Histological Evidence

Cylindrocladium pseudonaviculatum, the causal agent of box blight, has been shown to survive in soil for at least 5 years. The occurrence of microsclerotia in host tissue remains undocumented, making the mechanism for long term survival of this pathogen unclear. If the boxwood blight pathogen has indeed lost or never evolved the ability to produce microslerotia in tissues, one could infer that the pathogen is either less equipped for long term survival in soil than other Cylindrocladium species or the pathogen has evolved another mechanism to enable it to persist in soil. Based on these assumptions, we conducted a histological study to determine the potential role, if any, of microsclerotia in the lifecycle of C. pseudonaviculatum. Accepted for publication 17 February 2012. Published 3 April 2012.

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