Feline systemic hypertension: the how and why of blood pressure

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 501-505
Author(s):  
Charlotte Pace
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Target Organ Damage ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Systemic Hypertension ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Severe Tissue ◽  
Concurrent Disease

Feline hypertension is a common disease seen in cats in veterinary practice. It can be idiopathic in origin, secondary to another disease process or medication, or occur as a result of stress. Left untreated, systemic hypertension can result in severe tissue injury to the renal, cardiovascular and neurological systems, as well as causing ocular changes. It is recommended in the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Guidelines (2018) that senior cats and those with concurrent disease, or those at risk of target organ damage, should have blood pressure measurements taken regularly. These measurements need to be repeatable and reliable.

Feline blood pressure measurement: when is it needed?

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 222-228
Author(s):  
Sarah Caney
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Pressure Measurement ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Target Organ Damage ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Target Organ ◽  
Systemic Hypertension ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Target Organs

Systemic hypertension is a common disorder, primarily affecting older cats. Most cases are secondary to underlying medical conditions, such as chronic kidney disease. If left untreated, systemic hypertension has the potential to cause serious damage to certain target organs and can be fatal. Target organs include the nervous system, cardiovascular system, eyes and kidneys. Target organ damage to the eyes is often pathognomonic and is detected on ophthalmological examination in up to 80% of cats with systemic hypertension. Blood pressure measurement is essential in confirming a diagnosis and should be prioritised in cats showing evidence of target organ damage. Blood pressure screening of apparently healthy older cats is justified, since the risk of hypertension increases with age. Systemic hypertension is diagnosed in cats with persistent elevation in their systolic blood pressure of 160 mmHg or higher. Stress and anxiety can cause a transient increase in systolic blood pressure so measurements should be collected in a manner that is as calm and ‘cat friendly’ as possible. In the presence of confirmed target organ damage, a single high systolic blood pressure reading confirms systemic hypertension. Where no target organ damage is detectable, evidence of elevated systolic blood pressure on two or more occasions is needed to confirm the diagnosis.

CORRELATION OF TARGET ORGAN DAMAGE WITH CENTRAL BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS IN DIABETIC AND PRE-DIABETIC PATIENTS

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. e53-e54
Author(s):  
A. Oliveras ◽  
J. Segura ◽  
C. Suarez ◽  
M. Gomez-Marcos ◽  
l. Garcia-Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Target Organ Damage ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Target Organ ◽  
Central Blood Pressure ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Pressure Measurements

scholarly journals Relationships between blood pressure measurements and target organ damage: Data from the Korea women's chest pain registry

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1724-1730
Author(s):  
Min Gyu Kong ◽  
Hack‐Lyoung Kim ◽  
Myung‐A Kim ◽  
Mina Kim ◽  
Seong Mi Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Chest Pain ◽  
Target Organ Damage ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Target Organ ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Damage Data

Impact of age on the association between 24-h ambulatory blood pressure measurements and target organ damage

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1895-1901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Olesen ◽  
Manan Pareek ◽  
Jacob V. Stidsen ◽  
Marie K. Blicher ◽  
Susanne Rasmussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Ambulatory Blood Pressure ◽  
Target Organ Damage ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Target Organ ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurements

Prevalence, Biochemical and Clinical Characteristics of Resistant Hypertension

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2845-2849
Author(s):  
Daniela Gurgus ◽  
Elena Ardeleanu ◽  
Carmen Gadau ◽  
Roxana Folescu ◽  
Ioan Tilea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Resistant Hypertension ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Target Organ Damage ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
High Salt Intake

The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the prevalence of resistant hypertension (RH) in primary care setting and to analyse its biochemical and clinical characteristics. After 3 months of treatment and evaluation, 721 (14.01%) of 5,146 patients with hypertension did not reach target office blood pressure of [ 140/90 mmHg. After exclusion of �white-coat effect� with ambulatory blood pressure, of secondary and pseudo- resistant hypertension, prevalence of RH was 6.74%. Lifestyle factors associated with RH were physical inactivity, obesity, high salt intake, smoking and excessive alcohol ingestion. Compared to controlled hypertension, RH patients presented higher incidence of family history of cardiovascular disease (38.90% vs 25.94%), diabetes mellitus (34.87% vs 19.01%), impaired fasting glucose (21.91% vs 19.07%), target organ damage (29.1% vs 15.95%), and cardiovascular disease (27.09% vs 17.06%). Dyslipidaemia (52.90% vs 42.03%), fasting plasma glucose (116.10�38.9 vs 107.80�37.2), HbA1c (6.41�1.42 vs 5.96�0.94), serum creatinine (1.09�0.27 vs 1.03�0.24) and microalbuminuria (21.90% vs 10.95%) were significantly higher in RH. Predictors of RH, determined by a multivariate logistic regression analysis were left ventricular hypertrophy (OD 2.14, 95% CI 1.32-3.69), renal impairment expressed as eGFR [ 60 ml/min/1.73m2 (OD 1.62, 95% CI 1.21-2.21) and the presence of cardiovascular disease (OD 1.48, 95% CI 1.02-2.16).

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