scholarly journals Hydrologic Study of Jewel Cave/Wind Cave

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
E. Alexander, Jr. ◽  
Marsha Davis
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Cave Environment ◽  
Hydrologic System ◽  
Water Use Practices

The hydrologic study at Wind and Jewel Caves has the following Objectives: 1) to evaluate the water distribution within these two park areas; 2) to determine the effects of human impact upon the natural hydrologic system; 3) to document any detrimental effects to the water quality; 4) to document any instances in which the cave environment is adversely affected by the quality or quantity of the water present; and 5) to suggest options to change present water use practices, if necessary.

scholarly journals Hydrologic Study of Jewel and Wind Cave

1985 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 130-135
Author(s):  
E. Alexander, Jr. ◽  
Marsha Davis
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Cave Environment ◽  
Hydrologic System ◽  
Water Use Practices

The research underway has the following objectives: 1. Evaluate the water distribution within these two park areas; 2. Determine the effects of human impact upon the natural hydrologic system; 3. Document any detrimental effects to the water quality; 4. Document any instances in which the cave environment is adversely affected by the quality or quantity of the water present; and 5. Provide options to present water use practices, if necessary.

scholarly journals Hydrologic Study of Jewel and Wind Caves

1986 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
E. Alexander, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Cave Environment ◽  
Hydrologic System

The research underway has the following objectives: 1. To evaluate the water distribution within these two park areas; 2. To determine the effects of human impact upon the natural hydrologic system; 3. To document any detrimental effects to the water quality; 4. To document any instances in which the cave environment is adversely affected by the quality or quantity of the water present; and 5. To provide options to present water use practives, if necessary.

scholarly journals Management of Fertilizers and Water for Ornamental Plants in Urban Landscapes: Current Practices and Impacts on Water Resources in Florida

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L. Shober ◽  
Geoffrey C. Denny ◽  
Timothy K. Broschat
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Rapid Population Growth ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Quality Degradation ◽  
Landscape Plants ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Water Use Practices

Rapid population growth and urbanization in Florida have increased the number of urban landscapes that receive fertilization and irrigation. Consequently, maintenance of these landscapes may contribute to water shortages and water quality degradation. This article 1) describes the current fertilizer and water use practices that are used by homeowners and landscape professionals; 2) summarizes the research related to nutrient and water use by landscape plants; and 3) provides an overview of the critical issues that should be considered as we evaluate the need for improved management of water and nutrients in urban landscapes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Chemical Parameters of Urban Drinking Water Quality along with Health Risk Assessment: A Case Study of Ardabil Province, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5179
Author(s):  
Reza Aghlmand ◽  
Saeed Rasi Nezami ◽  
Ali Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
World Health ◽  
Study Region

In recent years, in addition to water resources’ quantity, their quality has also received much attention. In this study, the quality of the urban water distribution network in northwestern Iran was evaluated using the water quality index (WQI) method. Then, some important trace elements were investigated, and finally, the health risk assessment was evaluated for both carcinogenic elements (Ni, Cd, Cr, Pb, and As) and non-carcinogenic elements (Ca, Mg, Na, K, F, NO3, and Cu) using carcinogenic risk (CR) and hazard quotient (HQ), respectively. In the present study, the WQI was calculated based on both World Health Organization (WHO) and Iranian drinking water standards. Comparing the results of these standards revealed that the WQI based on the Iranian standard was slightly higher. Regarding the calculated WQI for the study region, the status of water quality for drinking consumption is in the good water quality class (25 < WQI < 50). It was observed that Cu and Cd have the highest and lowest concentrations in all sampling points, respectively. Hazard Index (HI) results showed that the non-carcinogenic substances studied had a low risk for both adults and children (<1.0). However, the CR results showed that Ni, Cd, and As were above the desired level for both children and adults. The results of this study can be applied for efficient water management and human health protection programs in the study area.

scholarly journals Optimal Water Quality Sensor Placement by Accounting for Possible Contamination Events in Water Distribution Networks

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 1999
Author(s):  
Malvin S. Marlim ◽  
Doosun Kang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Sensor Placement ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Protection Measure ◽  
Contamination Events

Contamination in water distribution networks (WDNs) can occur at any time and location. One protection measure in WDNs is the placement of water quality sensors (WQSs) to detect contamination and provide information for locating the potential contamination source. The placement of WQSs in WDNs must be optimally planned. Therefore, a robust sensor-placement strategy (SPS) is vital. The SPS should have clear objectives regarding what needs to be achieved by the sensor configuration. Here, the objectives of the SPS were set to cover the contamination event stages of detection, consumption, and source localization. As contamination events occur in any form of intrusion, at any location and time, the objectives had to be tested against many possible scenarios, and they needed to reach a fair value considering all scenarios. In this study, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was selected as the optimizer. The SPS was further reinforced using a databasing method to improve its computational efficiency. The performance of the proposed method was examined by comparing it with a benchmark SPS example and applying it to DMA-sized, real WDNs. The proposed optimization approach improved the overall fitness of the configuration by 23.1% and showed a stable placement behavior with the increase in sensors.

Improving water age estimation in a drinking water distribution network by field study and digital modeling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Kristian Rakstang ◽  
Michael B. Waak ◽  
Marius M. Rokstad ◽  
Cynthia Hallé
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Age Estimation ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Water Age ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution

&lt;p&gt;Municipal drinking water distribution networks are complex and dynamic systems often spanning many hundreds of kilometers and serving thousands of consumers. Degradation of water quality within a distribution network can be associated to water age (i.e., time elapsed after treatment). Norwegian distribution networks often consist of an intricate combination of pressure zones, in which the transport path(s) between source and consumer is not easily ascertained. Water age is therefore poorly understood in many Norwegian distribution networks. In this study, simulations obtained from a water network model were used to estimate water age in a Norwegian municipal distribution network. A full-scale tracer study using sodium chloride salt was conducted to assess simulation accuracy. Water conductivity provided empirical estimates of salt arrival time at five monitoring stations. These estimates were consistently higher than simulated peak arrival times. Nevertheless, empirical and simulated water age correlated well, indicating that additional network model calibration will improve accuracy. Subsequently, simulated mean water age also correlated strongly with heterotrophic plate count (HPC) monitoring data from the distribution network (Pearson&amp;#8217;s R= 0.78, P= 0.00046), indicating biomass accumulation during distribution&amp;#8212;perhaps due to bacterial growth or biofilm interactions&amp;#8212;and illustrating the importance of water age for water quality. This study demonstrates that Norwegian network models can be calibrated with simple and cost-effective salt tracer studies to improve water age estimates. Improved water age estimation will increase our understanding of water quality dynamics in distribution networks. This can, through digital tools, be used to monitor and control water age, and its impact on biogrowth in the network.&lt;/p&gt;

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