scholarly journals Optimal Water Quality Sensor Placement by Accounting for Possible Contamination Events in Water Distribution Networks

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 1999
Author(s):  
Malvin S. Marlim ◽  
Doosun Kang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Sensor Placement ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Protection Measure ◽  
Contamination Events

Contamination in water distribution networks (WDNs) can occur at any time and location. One protection measure in WDNs is the placement of water quality sensors (WQSs) to detect contamination and provide information for locating the potential contamination source. The placement of WQSs in WDNs must be optimally planned. Therefore, a robust sensor-placement strategy (SPS) is vital. The SPS should have clear objectives regarding what needs to be achieved by the sensor configuration. Here, the objectives of the SPS were set to cover the contamination event stages of detection, consumption, and source localization. As contamination events occur in any form of intrusion, at any location and time, the objectives had to be tested against many possible scenarios, and they needed to reach a fair value considering all scenarios. In this study, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was selected as the optimizer. The SPS was further reinforced using a databasing method to improve its computational efficiency. The performance of the proposed method was examined by comparing it with a benchmark SPS example and applying it to DMA-sized, real WDNs. The proposed optimization approach improved the overall fitness of the configuration by 23.1% and showed a stable placement behavior with the increase in sensors.

scholarly journals Impact of diffusion and dispersion of contaminants in water distribution networks modelling and monitoring

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Piazza ◽  
E. J. Mirjam Blokker ◽  
Gabriele Freni ◽  
Valeria Puleo ◽  
Mariacrocetta Sambito
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Network Modelling ◽  
Nsga Ii

Abstract In recent years, there has been a need to seek adequate preventive measures to deal with contamination in water distribution networks that may be related to the accidental contamination and the deliberate injection of toxic agents. Therefore, it is very important to create a sensor system that detects contamination events in real time, maintains the reliability and efficiency of measurements, and limits the cost of the instrumentation. To this aim, two problems have to be faced: practical difficulties connected to the experimental verification of the optimal sensor configuration efficiency on real operating systems and challenges related to the reliability of the network modelling approaches, which usually neglect the dispersion and diffusion phenomena. The present study applies a numerical optimization approach using the NSGA-II genetic algorithm that was coupled with a new diffusive-dispersive hydraulic simulator. The results are compared with those of an experimental campaign on a laboratory network (Enna, Italy) equipped with a real-time water quality monitoring system and those of a full-scale real distribution network (Zandvoort, Netherlands). The results showed the importance of diffusive processes when flow velocity in the network is low. Neglecting diffusion can negatively influence the water quality sensor positioning, leading to inefficient monitoring networks.

scholarly journals Sensor placement for classifier-based leak localization in water distribution networks using hybrid feature selection

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 152-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrià Soldevila ◽  
Joaquim Blesa ◽  
Sebastian Tornil-Sin ◽  
Rosa M. Fernandez-Canti ◽  
Vicenç Puig
Keyword(s):  
Feature Selection ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Sensor Placement ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Leak Localization

scholarly journals Compressed sensing based optimal sensor placement for leak localization in water distribution networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1286-1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Xie ◽  
Quan Zhou ◽  
Dibo Hou ◽  
Hongjian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Compressed Sensing ◽  
Knapsack Problem ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Sensor Placement ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Mutual Coherence ◽  
Optimal Sensor Placement ◽  
Leak Localization

Abstract The performance of model-based leak detection and localization techniques heavily depends on the configuration of a limited number of sensors. This paper presents a sensor placement optimization strategy that guarantees sufficient diagnosability while satisfying the budget constraint. Based on the theory of compressed sensing, the leak localization problem could be transformed into acquiring the sparse leak-induced demands from the available measurements, and the average mutual coherence is devised as a diagnosability criterion for evaluating whether the measurements contain enough information for identifying the potential leaks. The optimal sensor placement problem is then reformulated as a {0, 1} quadratic knapsack problem, seeking an optimal sensor placement scheme by minimizing the average mutual coherence to maximize the degree of diagnosability. To effectively handle the complicated real-life water distribution networks, a validated binary version of artificial bee colony algorithm enhanced by genetic operators, including crossover and swap, is introduced to solve the binary knapsack problem. The proposed strategy is illustrated and validated through a real-life water distribution network with synthetically generated field data.

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