A Simulation Model of Daily Wind Erosion Soil Loss

1983 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1758-1765 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Cole ◽  
Leon Lyles ◽  
Lawrence J. Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Wind Erosion

scholarly journals Comparison of the Spatial Wind Erosion Patterns of Erosion Risk Mapping and Quantitative Modeling in Eastern Austria

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 974
Author(s):  
Simon Scheper ◽  
Thomas Weninger ◽  
Barbara Kitzler ◽  
Lenka Lackóová ◽  
Wim Cornelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pannonian Basin ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Erosion Risk ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Weather Factor ◽  
Not At Risk ◽  
Erosion Equation

Various large-scale risk maps show that the eastern part of Austria, in particular the Pannonian Basin, is one of the regions in Europe most vulnerable to wind erosion. However, comprehensive assessments of the severity and the extent of wind erosion risk are still lacking for this region. This study aimed to prove the results of large-scale maps by developing high-resolution maps of wind erosion risk for the target area. For this, we applied a qualitative soil erosion assessment (DIN 19706) with lower data requirements and a more data-demanding revised wind erosion equation (RWEQ) within a GIS application to evaluate the process of assessing wind erosion risk. Both models defined similar risk areas, although the assignment of severity classes differed. Most agricultural fields in the study area were classified as not at risk to wind erosion (DIN 19706), whereas the mean annual soil loss rate modeled by RWEQ was 3.7 t ha−1 yr−1. August was the month with the highest modeled soil loss (average of 0.49 t ha−1 month−1), due to a low percentage of vegetation cover and a relatively high weather factor combining wind speed and soil moisture effects. Based on the results, DIN 19706 is suitable for a general classification of wind erosion-prone areas, while RWEQ can derive additional information such as seasonal distribution and soil loss rates besides the spatial extents of wind erosion.

scholarly journals Modeling and Assessing Potential Soil Erosion Hazards Using USLE and Wind Erosion Models in Integration with GIS Techniques: Dakhla Oasis, Egypt

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1124
Author(s):  
Salman A. H. Selmy ◽  
Salah H. Abd Al-Aziz ◽  
Raimundo Jiménez-Ballesta ◽  
Francisco Jesús García-Navarro ◽  
Mohamed E. Fadl
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Soil Erodibility ◽  
Gis Techniques ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Dakhla Oasis ◽  
Erosion Hazards ◽  
Loss Rates

Soil erosion modeling is becoming more significant in the development and implementation of soil management and conservation policies. For a better understanding of the geographical distribution of soil erosion, spatial-based models of soil erosion are required. The current study proposed a spatial-based model that integrated geographic information systems (GIS) techniques with both the universal soil loss equation (USLE) model and the Index of Land Susceptibility to Wind Erosion (ILSWE). The proposed Spatial Soil Loss Model (SSLM) was designed to generate the potential soil erosion maps based on water erosion and wind erosion by integrating factors of the USLE and ILSWE models into the GIS environment. Hence, the main objective of this study is to predict, quantify, and assess the soil erosion hazards using the SSLM in the Dakhla Oasis as a case study. The water soil loss values were computed by overlaying the values of five factors: the rainfall factor (R-Factor), soil erodibility (K-Factor), topography (LS-Factor), crop types (C-Factor), and conservation practice (P-Factor). The severity of wind-driven soil loss was calculated by overlaying the values of five factors: climatic erosivity (CE-Factor), soil erodibility (E-Factor), soil crust (SC-Factor), vegetation cover (VC-Factor), and surface roughness (SR-Factor). The proposed model was statistically validated by comparing its outputs to the results of USLE and ILSWE models. Soil loss values based on USLE and SSLM varied from 0.26 to 3.51 t ha−1 yr−1 with an average of 1.30 t ha−1 yr−1 and from 0.26 to 3.09 t ha−1 yr−1 with a mean of 1.33 t ha−1 yr−1, respectively. As a result, and according to the assessment of both the USLE and the SSLM, one soil erosion class, the very low class (<6.7 t ha−1 yr−1), has been reported to be the prevalent erosion class in the study area. These findings indicate that the Dakhla Oasis is slightly eroded and more tolerable against water erosion factors under current management conditions. Furthermore, the study area was classified into four classes of wind erosion severity: very slight, slight, moderate, and high, representing 1.0%, 25.2%, 41.5%, and 32.3% of the total study area, respectively, based on the ILSWE model and 0.9%, 25.4%, 43.9%, and 29.9%, respectively, according to the SSLM. Consequently, the Dakhla Oasis is qualified as a promising area for sustainable agriculture when appropriate management is applied. The USLE and ILSWE model rates had a strong positive correlation (r = 0.97 and 0.98, respectively), with the SSLM rates, as well as a strong relationship based on the average linear regression (R2 = 0.94 and 0.97, respectively). The present study is an attempt to adopt a spatial-based model to compute and map the potential soil erosion. It also pointed out that designing soil erosion spatial models using available data sources and the integration of USLE and ILSWE with GIS techniques is a viable option for calculating soil loss rates. Therefore, the proposed soil erosion spatial model is fit for calculating and assessing soil loss rates under this study and is valid for use in other studies under arid regions with the same conditions.

scholarly journals Assessment of IRIFR model capability in simulation of soil loss in different wind geomorphology landforms using wind erosion meter

Arid Biome ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Kouchami Sardo ◽  
AA Besalatpour ◽  
H Bashari ◽  
H Shirani ◽  
I Esfandiarpour Broujeni
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Irifr Model

scholarly journals Evaluation of microbially Induced calcite precipitation (MICP) methods on different soil types for wind erosion control

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Hee Chae ◽  
Hyeonyong Chung ◽  
Kyoungphile Nam
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Calcite Precipitation ◽  
Medium Sand ◽  
Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation ◽  
Mixing Method ◽  
Application Methods

Application methods (i.e., pouring and mixing method) of Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) and its effect on wind erosion were investigated on four soil types (i.e., medium sand, fine sand, loamy fine sand and loam). With mixing method, calcite precipitated evenly throughout the upper part (0 - 5 cm) of all the soils tested, but with pouring method, only medium sand showed even calcite distribution. The reason can be ascribed to the limited permeability of MICP-inducing solution (i.e., calcium, urea and <i>Sporosarcina pasteurii</i>) through loamy fine sand and loam due to their low hydraulic conductivity (i.e., < 10<sup>-5</sup> cm/s). Moreover, bacterial penetrability was also reduced by calcium (i.e., 70 to 20%) in fine sand. Hence, pouring method for medium sand and mixing method for the others were applied with various MICP-inducing solution concentrations (i.e., 0.1 to 1 M of urea and calcium). When exposed to wind of 15 m/s after MICP application, 0.25 M solution in medium and fine sand, and 0.1 M solution in loamy fine sand and loam showed little or no soil loss. The results suggest that a proper application method be chosen considering soil properties that affect even calcite distribution to mitigate soil erosion.

Linking regional modelling with field measurements to evaluate effectiveness of living windbreaks as measures against wind erosion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Weninger ◽  
Nathan King ◽  
Karl Gartner ◽  
Barbara Kitzler ◽  
Simon Scheper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Sediment Traps ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Regional Modelling ◽  
Ground Truth Data

&lt;p&gt;The degrading impact of wind on agricultural soils has been observed throughout centuries in the Pannonian region of central Europe. Nevertheless, soil loss was not yet quantified and the extent or relevance of the problem are unknown for this agriculturally important region. Especially dry soil surface is highly prone to erosion and as drought periods are expected to become more frequent and severe with changing climate, the risk of wind erosion will increase accordingly. Living windbreaks and similar agro-forestry systems are supposed to be highly effective measures against wind erosion. In an extensive research project, multiple approaches are integrated to obtain a broad view onto the relevance of soil degradation by wind on plot scale and its regional distribution.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;More in detail, case studies are conducted where the soil loss by wind erosion is measured in sediment traps. Data about driving and stabilizing factors like wind speed, soil moisture, vegetation density etc. are measured in high spatial and temporal resolution. The measurements started in December 2019. Besides, wind erosion risk is modelled and mapped on regional scale applying state-of-the-art model procedures. The measurement results are used in an attempt to down-scale the model application and thus create a link to ground-truth data. Information about spatial and temporal variability of the driving factors is used for implementation of stochastic calculation procedures in a sensitivity study which determines the most relevant factors for wind erosion mitigation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The used modelling approach also includes the effects of wind shelters what enables a partly evaluation of the existing network of such elements in the Pannonian region. There, the Authority of Land Reform has been supporting and documenting the installation of wind shelters for more than 60 years. Incorporating this data base, quantitative and qualitative statements will be developed about the state of the shelter belts and their relevance concerning erosion rates. Additionally, the potential and actual value of living windbreaks will be determined with special regards to physiological and ecological characteristics, stability under future climate conditions and further ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Simulated Experiment on Wind Erosion Resistance of Salix Residual in the Agro-Pastoral Ecotone

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Li ◽  
Furen Kang ◽  
Zheng Zhang ◽  
Chunyan Ma ◽  
Weige Nan
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Erosion Resistance ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Residual Biomass ◽  
Soil Wind Erosion ◽  
Simulated Experiment ◽  
Residual Thickness ◽  
Simulated Wind

Plant residual is of great importance in retarding soil wind erosion in the agro-pastoral ecotone. However, few studies have determined the effects of sand plant residual on wind erosion resistance. Based on field surveys, the influences of Salix residual biomass of 200, 400, 600, and 800 g m−2, soil incorporated with a residual thickness of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 cm, and typical proportion of residual branches and leaves (2:1, 1:1, and 1:2) on wind erosion resistance were investigated using a simulated wind tunnel. The results showed the following: 1) The soil loss amount ranged from 1.56 to 40.8 kg m−2 as Salix residual biomass decreased from 800 to 0 g m−2, with a critical residual biomass value of 400 g m−2. 2) As the thickness of soil-incorporated residual increased, the soil loss amount reduced rapidly, especially for 0–9 cm above the surface accounting for 84.6% of the total. 3) Salix branch residual is more important in resisting soil wind erosion as compared with its leaves. This kind of study may provide theoretical explanations for the optimal reconstruction of sandy vegetation in the northern wind-sand regions.

scholarly journals Determination of wind erosion intensity on heavy clay soils

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Jana Kozlovsky Dufková ◽  
Vladan Jareš ◽  
Petr Húsek
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Soil Erodibility ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Heavy Clay ◽  
Deep Soils ◽  
Soil Losses ◽  
Erosion Intensity

Wind erosion, common problem of light-textured soils, was determined on heavy clay soils in the foothills of Bílé Karpaty Mountains, Czech Republic. Soil erodibility by wind was determined from the Map of potential erodibility of soil by wind and from the calculation of potential and real soil loss by wind. All the determinations show underestimation of soil erodibility by wind on heavy clay soils, because methods that are used for this are based above all on the assessment of clay particles content and the presumption the more clay particles soil contains, the less vulnerable to wind erosion is. The potential erodibility of soil by wind is 0,09 t . ha−1 per year. The determined value does not exceed the tolerable soil loss limit 10 t . ha−1 per year for deep soils. The real average erodibility of soil by wind has the highest value 1,47 g . m−2 on November 30th, 2008. Other soil losses that do not exceed the tolerable soil loss limit 1,4 g . m−2, were determined on March 18th and 28th, 2008. Big difficulties come with the assessment of the erodibility of heavy clay soils in the areas, where soil erosion ve­ri­fia­bly exists, but it is not assessable by objective calculating methods. Evident necessity of new know­ledge concerning the determination of wind erosion intensity follows from the results.

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