scholarly journals Cross shelf gradients of scleractinian corals in the Spermonde Islands, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
SYAFYUDIN YUSUF ◽  
MARIA BEGER ◽  
Asmi Citra Malina A.R. Tassakka ◽  
MAARTEN DE BRAUWER ◽  
AMANDA PRICELLA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Outer Shelf ◽  
Shelf Zone ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Coral Colony ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Coral Communities

Abstract. Yusuf S, Beger M, Tassakka ACMAR, Brauwer MD, Pricella A, Rahmi, Umar W, Limmon GV, Moore AM, Jompa J. 2021. Cross shelf gradients of scleractinian corals in the Spermonde Islands, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1415-1423. Coral reef ecosystems around the world have suffered extensive degradation, including the reefs of the Wallacea region within the Coral Triangle global biodiversity hotspot. Anthropogenic and natural threats can reduce the level of coral reef biodiversity differentially across environmental or impact gradients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in hard coral (Scleractinia) diversity and community structure across an inshore-offshore zonation gradient in the Spermonde Islands, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Data on coral colony species and abundance as well as live coral cover were collected from 10 m2 belt transects at a depth of 6 to 8 m. A total of 72 transects were placed around the 12 island stations in three zones: the inner mid-shelf zone, outer mid-shelf zone and outer shelf zone. Data were analyzed to determine the species richness, and three ecological indices for the hard coral communities were calculated: the Shannon Diversity Index (H'), Similarity Index (E), and Dominance Index (C). A total of 310 hard coral species belonging to 62 genera were recorded. The coral communities were dominated by the genera Fungia, Montipora and Porites, and coral cover was in the 'moderate' category. The number of species was directly proportional to the number of colonies within each zone. Live coral cover was higher in the inner mid-shelf zone and outer shelf zone than the outer mid-shelf zone; conversely, the species richness and coral colony abundance were higher in the outer mid-shelf zone. However, the differences were not statistically significant. The indices H’, C, and E did not differ significantly between the zones. However, Tambakulu Island in Zone 4 had the lowest values of E and H’ and the highest value of C. Findings suggest that most-hard coral communities in the cross-shelf zones of the Spermonde Islands are stable communities characterized by relatively high diversity and low dominance indices.

scholarly journals Coral communities condition in varying wave exposure: the gulf of Cazones, Cuba

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hansel Caballero Aragon ◽  
Pedro M Alcolado ◽  
Néstor Rey-Villiers ◽  
Susana Perera Valderrama ◽  
Juliett González Méndez
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Coral Community ◽  
Wave Exposure ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Coral Mortality ◽  
Coral Communities

Wave exposure can influence community structure and distribution of shallow coral reefs, by affecting organisms both directly and indirectly. To assess the current stony coral community condition under different degrees of wave exposure at a marine protected area of the Gulf of Cazones (SW Cuba), two expeditions were carried out in May 2010 and June 2012. Four sampling sites were sampled at reef crests (1.5 m deep), and twelve at fore-reefs, at 10, 15 and 20 m deep in four geographic locations. Live coral cover, species richness and composition, colony density, and maximum diameter were assessed using the AGRRA 2001 methodology. Multivariate and non-parametric statistics were applied to compare sites. The coral community structure within reef crests was not homogenous. The observed variability of indicators apparently was determined by great coral mortality events resulting from natural disturbances that occurred in the past (hurricanes, bleaching and diseases). Fore-reef coral communities displayed better condition and lower coral mortality than reef crests. Species richness and coral composition varied, while multivariate and statistical methods did not reveal site grouping with regard to wave exposure. The remaining biological condition indicators were similar among sites, except in the most exposed one, where coral cover and coral size were slightly lower. Wave exposure in the gulf of Cazones seemed not to have a significant influence on differences in condition and structure of the assessed coral communities.

scholarly journals Coral Reef Degradation Due to ‘Ship Grounding’ in Indonesia: Case Study of Ship Aground in Bangka-Belitung Waters by Mother Vessel MV Lyric Poet

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Idris Idris ◽  
Neviaty P. Zamani ◽  
Suharsono Suharsono ◽  
Fakhrurrozi Fakhrurrozi
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Lyric Poet ◽  
Ship Grounding

HighlightDamage to coral reefs by ship aground is twice the area of a football fieldFound four zones of damage including runoff, dune, blow and dispersalMortality of live coral and other benthic biota ranges from 75-100% in the affected locationThe form of damaged live coral growth is predominantly slow growing.Eight hard coral species were found on the IUCN-Redlist list with a vulnerable status.AbstractShip grounding on coral reefs often results in physical and biological damage, including dislodging and removal of corals from reefs, destruction of coral skeletons, erosion and removal of sediment deposits, and loss of three-dimensional complexity. Indonesia, as an archipelagic country, is very vulnerable to various pressures; for example, the case of ship grounding is a great concern of scientists, managers, divers, and sailors themselves. Most of the damage is very severe. The purpose of the research conducted is to identify the condition of the live coral cover, mapping the type and extent of coral reef damage, affected coral species, their conservation status, and to quantify the extent of the area of coral reef damage. Measuring the extent of damage to coral reef ecosystems using the fishbone method, while the level of damage and its impact was measured using the Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) and belt transect method. The event of the grounding of the MV Lyric Poet on the Bangka Waters, Bangka-Belitung Province, has caused damage to the coral reef ecosystem. There are four damage zones identified, i.e., trajectory, mound, propeller, and dispersion zone. Corals are damaged with a total area of 13.540m2; equivalent to twice that of an international football field. Diversity of hard coral found as many as 49 species included in the CITES-Appendix II. A total of eight protected species are included in the IUCN Red List with extinction-prone status.

Distribution, diversity, and conservation of coral reefs and coral communities in the largest marine protected area of Pacific Panama (Coiba Island)

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
HECTOR M. GUZMAN ◽  
CARLOS A. GUEVARA ◽  
ODALISCA BREEDY
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Live Coral Cover ◽  
Coral Communities

Sampling scale and lack of attention to taxa other than scleractinian corals have limited the capacity to protect coral reefs and coral communities in Pacific Panama. The distribution of coral habitats (live coral cover) and their species richness in the largest marine protected area of Panama, the Coiba National Park (270 125 ha), is described using quadrat transects and manta tows. The species richness of scleractinian corals and octocorals was lower in coral reefs than in coral communities, and a close relationship between richness and live coral cover was observed only in coral communities. The distribution of high live coral cover in coral communities overlapped with areas of high coral species richness. Average live coral cover in communities was 64%, compared to 28% in reefs, whereas algae cover was 30% and 49%, respectively. Twenty-two coral and 34 octocoral species were observed, many only now detected in Panama as endemic or new species. Analysis of satellite imagery showed 80% of terrestrial habitats were mostly primary forest, and coral reefs and coral communities covered 1700 ha, about 2% of marine habitats. Shallow marine environments (< 20 m) had up to 60% calcareous red algae cover (rhodolite beds). Based on the distribution of live coral cover and species richness, three conservation units were identified as priority, with the southern and northernmost sides of the marine protected area as the most significant. These three areas encompass most of the rare and endemic species or populations, as well as species previously regarded as endangered.

scholarly journals Benthic structure drives butterflyfish species composition and trophic group abundance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Barbosa ◽  
Neil Coupland ◽  
Clara Douglas ◽  
Ellen Harrison ◽  
Kelly M James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Coral Reef Fish ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Fish Diversity ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Benthic Composition

Corals provide structure and food sources vital for the maintenance of coral reef fish diversity. However, coral reefs are currently under threat from climate change, which has led to the largest recorded loss of live coral. The loss of live coral, and corresponding shift in reef benthic composition, are predicted to impact the abundance and composition of coral reef fish species and communities. In this study, we investigate the effect of changes in reef benthic composition (eg. live coral, dead coral, algae), on the diversity and composition in an assemblage of butterflyfish species, in Faafu Atoll in the Maldives after the 2016 bleaching event. We show that differences in community composition of butterflyfish are associated to benthic structure, reflecting species feeding preferences. Interestingly, however, we also show that lower coral cover is not associated to lower abundance and species richness of butterflyfish. Our results suggest that maintenance of coral reef structure after a disturbance provides key microhabitats to accommodate non-corallivorous butterflyfish, thus maintaining abundance and species richness. Overall our study provides support for regulation of richness and abundance of coral reef fish assemblages to short term changes in coral reef benthic composition after disturbance via turnover in composition.

scholarly journals Coral reef fish assemblages at Clipperton Atoll (Eastern Tropical Pacific) and their relationship with coral cover

2016 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurora M. Ricart ◽  
Fabián A. Rodríguez-Zaragoza ◽  
Carlos González-Salas ◽  
Marco Ortiz ◽  
Amílcar L. Cupul-Magaña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Coral Reef Fish ◽  
Fish Assemblage ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Assemblage Composition ◽  
Live Coral Cover

Clipperton Atoll, one of the most isolated coral reefs worldwide, is of great scientific interest due to its geomorphology and high levels of endemism. This study explored the reef fish assemblage structure of Clipperton Atoll and its relationship with live coral cover. Nine stations were sampled at three sites and three depths (6, 12 and 20 m) around the reef, measuring fish species richness and biomass and hermatypic coral cover (at genus level). We evaluated variation in species richness, biomass and diversity of fish assemblages among sites and depths, as well as the relationship between the entire fish assemblage composition and live coral cover. The results showed that species richness and biomass were similar among sites, but differed across depths, increasing with depth. In contrast, diversity differed among sites but not among depths. Multivariate analyses indicated that fish assemblage composition differed among sites and depths in relation to changes in cover of coral of the genera Pocillopora, Porites, Pavona and Leptoseris, which dominate at different depths. The results showed that fish species richness and diversity were low at Clipperton Atoll and that, in isolated coral reefs with a low habitat heterogeneity and low human disturbance, live coral cover has a significant influence on the spatial variation of the reef fish assemblages. This study highlights the importance of coral habitat structure in shaping coral reef fish assemblages.

scholarly journals Benthic structure drives butterflyfish species composition and trophic group abundance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Barbosa ◽  
Neil Coupland ◽  
Clara Douglas ◽  
Ellen Harrison ◽  
Kelly M James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Coral Reef Fish ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Fish Diversity ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Benthic Composition

Corals provide structure and food sources vital for the maintenance of coral reef fish diversity. However, coral reefs are currently under threat from climate change, which has led to the largest recorded loss of live coral. The loss of live coral, and corresponding shift in reef benthic composition, are predicted to impact the abundance and composition of coral reef fish species and communities. In this study, we investigate the effect of changes in reef benthic composition (eg. live coral, dead coral, algae), on the diversity and composition in an assemblage of butterflyfish species, in Faafu Atoll in the Maldives after the 2016 bleaching event. We show that differences in community composition of butterflyfish are associated to benthic structure, reflecting species feeding preferences. Interestingly, however, we also show that lower coral cover is not associated to lower abundance and species richness of butterflyfish. Our results suggest that maintenance of coral reef structure after a disturbance provides key microhabitats to accommodate non-corallivorous butterflyfish, thus maintaining abundance and species richness. Overall our study provides support for regulation of richness and abundance of coral reef fish assemblages to short term changes in coral reef benthic composition after disturbance via turnover in composition.

scholarly journals Coral Recruitment Spatial Distribution in its Relation With Coral Cover and Herbivorous Fish Abundance Within Conservation Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Zulfikar Afandy ◽  
Ario Damar ◽  
Syamsul Bahri Agus
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Fish Abundance ◽  
Herbivorous Fish ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Coral Recruitment ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Coral Colony

The continuity of coral reef ecosystem highly depends on the new coral larvae recruitment process. Hence, the information regarding distribution, the abundance of corals, and its relation to other variables are highly important in that ecosystem management. Research was conducted at nine stations represented each zone at the conservation area of Kapoposang Marine Tourism Park (TWP Kapoposang). This research aims at seeking for spatial variations of the abundance of coral recruitment at three primary zones monitored (core zone, sustainable fishing zone and utilization zone) and we further identified its relations with spatial variation of herbivorous fishes abundance and  coral cover’s condition at those zones. The coral recruitment observation employed transect quadrat sampling method with size of 1x1 meter and 10 times repetition at a similar depth, and the coral recruitment abundance measurement in natural habitat based on the amounts of juvenile corals has been defined as coral colony with size of ≤10 cm. Overall, this research has found 534 coral juveniles consisted of 19 genera and 7 families, and the average of juvenile coral density stood at 5.34±4.45 SE.m-2. The coral reef recruitment category at TWP Kapoposang could be classified as high and its abundance spatial distribution showed no significant differences between each zone, as well as not influenced by either herbivorous fish abundance variable or the percentage of live coral cover.

scholarly journals Benthic structure drives butterflyfish species composition and trophic group abundance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Barbosa ◽  
Neil Coupland ◽  
Clara Douglas ◽  
Ellen Harrison ◽  
Kelly M James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Coral Reef Fish ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Fish Diversity ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Benthic Composition

Corals provide structure and food sources vital for the maintenance of coral reef fish diversity. However, coral reefs are currently under threat from climate change, which has led to the largest recorded loss of live coral. The loss of live coral, and corresponding shift in reef benthic composition, are predicted to impact the abundance and composition of coral reef fish species and communities. In this study, we investigate the effect of changes in reef benthic composition (eg. live coral, dead coral, algae), on the diversity and composition in an assemblage of butterflyfish species, in Faafu Atoll in the Maldives after the 2016 bleaching event. We show that differences in community composition of butterflyfish are associated to benthic structure, reflecting species feeding preferences. Interestingly, however, we also show that lower coral cover is not associated to lower abundance and species richness of butterflyfish. Our results suggest that maintenance of coral reef structure after a disturbance provides key microhabitats to accommodate non-corallivorous butterflyfish, thus maintaining abundance and species richness. Overall our study provides support for regulation of richness and abundance of coral reef fish assemblages to short term changes in coral reef benthic composition after disturbance via turnover in composition.

scholarly journals STUDI EKOLOGI OSEANOGRAFI TELUK MANADO UNTUK PENENTUAN STRUKTUR ARTIFICIAL CORAL GARDEN DAN AREA MANGROVE SEBAGAI DESTINASI WISATA BARU

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Oktavianus Lintong ◽  
Dannie R S Oroh ◽  
Easter Ch. M. Tulung
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystems ◽  
Gas Station ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Oceanographic Conditions

The purpose of this study is to investigate the ecological conditions of mangrove ecosystems in the Manado Bay and analyze the suitability of the mangrove ecosystems as a new tourist destination, examine the oceanographic conditions in the Manado Bay area, study the data on the development of coral reef ecosystems to be able to produce artificial coral reefs and produce mangrove areas and coral reefs artificial as a new tourist destination. This research was conducted in April - September 2019 with the location of Manado Bay and the location of the Manado Bay coral reef ecosystem survey set at 3 sample points, equipped with 3 points in front of the BOBOCA Malalayang monument, in front of the Malalayang gas station and ANTRA Sario. Retrieval of coral reef data is by using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method. LIT observations were carried out with SCUBA diving at a depth of 6m. Observations were made by recording coral lifeforms found along the transect line, and calculating the percentage of the selection. The data taken is the percentage of dead coral cover, live coral, and type of life form, diversity index taken at 3 sample points. From field observations found on Site 2 (Front of Malalayang gas station) the condition of coral reefs is included in the good category, with the percentage of live coral cover (Hard Coral) of 55%. At this station found various types of coral growth, but the highest at this station is a form of growth of Coral Masive (CM) of 19.2%, while the least found were corals in the form of Coral Mushrooms (Mushroom Coral) with a percentage of 0.4 %. Then Site 3, namely in ANTRA Sario obtained from coral reefs is included in the bad category, with the percentage of live coral cover (Hard Coral) only 7.1%. Coral Diversity in the three survey stations is different. Of the three stations determined above the Tugu Boboca Malalayang site with an index value of 2.54, followed at site 2 namely the Malalayang gas station with an index value of 2.36 and the lowest at site 3 at ANTRA Sario with an index value of 1.33. Furthermore, oceanographic conditions in the Gulf of Manado region are seen in the receding period, most of the air moves westward at the beginning of the period, then moves northeastward in the next period. While in the tide period the water moves northward, starting the period and then it is seen moving northeast and at the end of the period, the east direction.Key words : Coral reef, Oceanographic condition

scholarly journals Spatial and environmental drivers of biodiversity, ecology and biogeography of coral communities in SW of the Arabian/Persian Gulf

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Bouwmeester ◽  
John Burt ◽  
Pedro Range ◽  
Radhouan Ben-Hamadou
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Coastal Development ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Coral Communities

Arabian Gulf coral communities are particularly known for their utmost tolerance and adaptation to region’s extreme environmental conditions. However, stress through increasing sea temperatures, salinities, sustained coastal development, etc., has resulted in shifts in reef communities across the region in recent years. We conducted a comprehensive assessment of the status of coral communities at 15 reef sites, NW Arabian Gulf, focusing on the abundance of living coral cover and species biodiversity using photoquadrat surveys; we also investigate potential spatial and environmental drivers of changes in coral communities. We show a strong north-to-south gradient of declining live coral cover (38% to 13%) and species richness (28 to 7 species), with an additional reduction of species richness in coastal areas (2 species). Recent surveys in late summer 2017 revealed 100% bleaching in inshore coral communities and occasionally, the complete loss of coral cover resulting in a shift to a non-coral ecosystem composed of mostly rubble and turf-algae. Species turnover (Beta-diversity) and canonical correspondence analyses determined that environmental factors such as depth, salinity and sea surface temperatures play a significant role in driving these spatial patterns of coral biodiversity and biogeography and in predicting their shift as function of future regional climate scenarios.

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