Relevance of Marketing Strategies for Gas Stations in China – An Analysis Using SPSS

This study aims to find out the relevance of marketing strategies for gas stations in China. According to IBISWorld, the companies holding the largest market shares in China’s gas station industry include China Petrochemical Corporation, China National Petroleum Corporation, Sinochem Corporation, China National Offshore Oil Corporation, and BP (China) Holdings Limited. Marketing has changed over the past several years. Similarly, gas station marketing is all about more customers, greater sales, and higher profits. Technology provides many different marketing tools to see more fresh faces at the door, increase repeat sales, and improve profits. Word-of-mouth advertising should be encouraged, especially when contests are being held. The prizes from these contests may include car essentials, free coffee, free car wash, or coupons to be used at convenience stores. Customers who have won these contests would surely go around advertising the particular gas station, ultimately bringing in more customers. Other than that, managers can boost the sales volume through radio promotions as well. This study also aims to give future businessmen and women some ideas on how to deal with different kinds of strategies when it comes to marketing, especially in China in hope to cater and prove to the people of China the possibility of promoting businesses, such as the oil industry.

Color Vision in the Gas Station Workers of Isfahan City: A Quantitative Analysis With the Farnsworth D15 Color Test

Background and Objectives: The color vision evaluation of gas station workers in Isfahan City. Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was performed on workers at gas stations in Isfahan; all the workers were men. The participants were divided into two 40-people groups of exposure and non-exposure (the members of the fuel sales department). The participants had better vision than 8/10 and no underlying problems or eye disease. Besides, examination, including color vision was performed for all subjects. Color vision was assessed using the D15 test under high to medium light conditions. Also, the color vision test was performed monocularly. Then, the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS V. 22. Results: The two study groups significantly differed in terms of color vision impairment index (P <0.001). Also, more color vision defects were seen in the group exposed to gasoline. The color confusion index (as the indicator of color vision defects) were 1.485 and 1.129 in exposure and non-exposure to gasoline groups, respectively. Thus, color vision defects were significantly higher in the exposure to gasoline group, compared with the control group. Conclusion: The results of this study showed a difference in color vision index between the two groups. Therefore, long-term exposure to organic solvents, such as gasoline in fuel stations may cause color vision loss.

How Archaeologists Can Effectively and Ethically Cultivate Responsible and Responsive Stewards

The objective of this article is to share how professional archaeologists can leverage their knowledge and influence to develop collectors and amateur archaeologists into responsible and responsive stewards (RRS). This approach furthers the primary purposes of the National Historic Preservation Act as well as the ethics of the Society for American Archaeology. I share my own journey about finding artifacts in the Texas Panhandle, yearning to understand more about them, and how a poster in a gas station led me to visiting a local Stone Age Fair where I met a professional archaeologist. This archaeologist mentor was willing to answer my questions and guide me to greater understanding of archaeological ethics and practice, which prompted me to document everything I had found. In turn, I have shared my experience with many other nonprofessionals. Archaeologist mentors can have great influence if they are willing to meet collectors and amateur archaeologists on their level. Ultimately, collectors and archaeologists share a love of artifacts and a passion for the history behind them.

Threats and prospects for the development of operators in the market of light petroleum products of Ukraine

The study of the market of light petroleum products of Ukraine made it possible to establish that the market is highly competitive and is growing at an average pace. The main operators on it are FPG "Privat" (gas station networks "Avias", "ANP", "Sentosa Oil", etc.), PJSC "Ukrnafta" (gas station network "UKRNAFTA"), PEG "Continental" (gas station network "WOG"), JSC "Concern "Galnaftogaz" (gas station network "OKKO"). These companies, as well as international gas stations networks, occupy the best competitive positions in the market. In the nearest future, the entry of new companies into the market is not forecasted. Oil refinery companies in Ukraine import oil and products of its processing, and their own oil and gas fields are not developed. Foreign companies that develop their own fields (for example, Russian corporations) have a significant competitive advantage. Also, competitive advantages for operators in the light petroleum products market are the geographical distribution of filling stations, the presence of a strong brand, additional service for consumers, and a significant number of loyal consumers. It was found that such factors as the presence of bureaucratic aspects in decision-making in cooperation with the state, unfair competition in the market from illegal gas stations, a gradual increase in the number of electric vehicles, global fluctuations in oil prices, legislative restrictions, inflation, potential devaluation of the hryvnia, as well as the low purchasing power of consumers have a threatening impact on the market. Among the weaknesses of the industry was the exhaustiveness of the planet's oil resources, and among the opportunities - the development of its own fields or the gradual diversification of production towards adjacent markets (for example, the renewable energy market). Based on the analysis of the light petroleum products industry, it was established that horizontal and vertical diversification strategies are promising for JSC "Concern Galnaftogaz". According to them, the main marketing solutions of this enterprise can be aimed at creating new types of products (in particular, related to renewable energy), building solar power plants and wind farms on the company's own land plots, and full access to the renewable energy market. The advantage of these strategies is the minimization of risk since the market is partially known (JSC "Concern Galnaftogaz" owns a façade solar power plant on the building of the head office and "green" filling stations (filling stations with solar panels on roofs) in areas with a high level of solar insolation. The implementation of the diversification strategy also consists in expanding the range of products offered by JSC "Concern Galnaftogaz", for example, by providing such a new service as testing fuel samples in mobile laboratories for individuals who would be able to carry out their own fuel quality check offered by various filling stations.

Resistance to PPE Using by Gas Station Attendants

The discussion about the use, or not, of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) by gas station attendants has been growing, in the contemporary context, due to the expansive increase in the consequences generated by the absence of this essential equipment at gas stations. The present study highlighted the importance of raising awareness among the attendants regarding their working conditions, mainly due to the high exposure to toxic compounds. At this core, resistance to use PPE by these workers comesfrom sociocultural issues that notoriously influence the conditionsimposed by this service. In this logic, the case study, determined by the book of Research Methodology by Marconi and Lakatos (2003), thistheme is based on data collection at gasstationsin the city of Salvador- BA, in 2021, to highlight the situations faced by these professionals and, consequently, the impacts on their quality of life and health. The resistance to the use of this equipment harms the present and future well-being of the attendants.

Gas Station Recognition Method Based on Monitoring Data of Heavy-Duty Vehicles

With the requirement of reduced carbon emissions and air pollution, it has become much more important to monitor the oil quality used in heavy-duty vehicles, which have more than 2/3 transportation emissions. Some gas stations may provide unqualified fuel, resulting in uncontrollable emissions, which is a big challenge for environmental protection. Based on this focus, a gas station recognition method is proposed in this paper. Combining the CART algorithm with the DBSCAN clustering algorithm, the locations of gas stations were detected and recognized. Then, the oil quality analysis of these gas stations could be effectively evaluated from oil stability and vehicle emissions. Massive real-world data operating in Tangshan, China, collected from the Heavy-duty Vehicle Remote Emission Service and Management Platform, were used to verify the accuracy and robustness of the proposed model. The results illustrated that the proposed model can not only accurately detect both the time and location of the refueling behavior but can also locate gas stations and evaluate the oil quality. It can effectively assist environmental protection departments to monitor and investigate abnormal gas stations based on oil quality analysis results. In addition, this method can be achieved with a relatively small calculation effort, which makes it implementable in many different application scenarios.

Determination of The Permissible Distances in Vicinity of The Gas Station According to The Concentration of Benzene

Benzene is considered a toxic and hazardous pollutant in Tehran metropolis. The storage tanks of petroleum products and refueling in gas stations are among the main sources of benzene emissions. Using the software AERMOD and reviewing the benzene dispersion maps at different distances from 412 storage tanks at 148 gas stations, it was found the permissible distance of the emission source is dependent on various variables such as the number of loading times and the storage capacity. When, storage capacity in the range of 60,000 L to 96,000 L and the number of loading is in the range of 676 to 1,328 times a year, the concentration of benzene at a distance of 30 m of the emission source reaches the annual standard of 5 μg/m3. While, storage capacity in the range of 80,000 L to 128,000 L and the number of loading is in the range of 1,329 to 1,834 times a year, the concentration of benzene at a distance of 40 m of the emission source reaches the annual standard of 5 μg/m3. Also, based on the analysis of data and the linear regression equation, the permissible distance of the emission source can be predicted.

Hemoglobin Levels in Blood Samples

Hemoglobin is a part of erythrocytes that serves to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide in tissues. Hemoglobin levels in the blood may decrease one of which is influenced by exposure to lead from the environment. Places that are at high risk for exposure to air lead one of them is at gas stations (Public Refueling Stations). The purpose of this study is to determine hemoglobin levels in kedungrandu gas station officers, Kec. Patikraja, Banyumas. This type of research is a non-experimental observational study. The method of measuring hemoglobin levels using strip test in the form of POCT (Point Care of Testing) tool. This method uses capillary blood samples from 20 respondents with criteria of male sex and aged 21-60 years. The result of this study was as many as 6 people (30%) of the total respondents had low hemoglobin levels, while 14 people (70%) have normal hemoglobin levels. The average hemoglobin level in the blood sample of kedungrandu gas station officers, Kec. Patikraja, Banyumas is 14.41 mg/dl or normal.