scholarly journals Bell e net vidre. Producción, distribución y consumo de vidrio en el reino de Valencia durante la Baja Edad Media

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (83) ◽  
pp. 13-42
Author(s):  
Luis Almenar Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Glass Industry ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Crown Of Aragon ◽  
The North ◽  
Glass Furnaces ◽  
North Western

El presente artículo analiza el desarrollo de la industria vidriera valenciana entre los siglos XIII y XV. Para ello se recurre a un centenar de documentos de carácter notarial, normativo, judicial y fiscal, procedentes de distintos archivos valencianos. Estos permiten estudiar la localización de los hornos de vidrio en el reino de Valencia y las formas de trabajo de los vidrieros, así como los procesos de distribución y los sistemas de venta del vidrio doméstico. Finalmente, se aborda la demanda y el consumo de estos bienes y sus usos en las viviendas de diferentes sectores sociales de la época. Todo ello invita a reconsiderar la relevancia de esta industria en el reino de Valencia, mucho menos estudiada que sus homólogas catalanas y mallorquinas, en el contexto de la Corona de Aragón y del Mediterráneo noroccidental durante la Baja Edad Media.   This essay analyses the development of the Valencian glass industry between the 13th and the 15th centuries. For this purpose, it turns to around a hundred documents from notarial, normative, legal and tax records, placed in various Valencian archives. These reveal the location of glass furnaces in the kingdom of Valencia and the glass-makers’ activities, as well as the sale and distribution systems of domestic glass. Finally, it addresses the demand and consumption of these goods and their usage within the dwellings of various social strata of the period. This all leads to reconsider the relevance of this industry in the kingdom of Valencia, far less studied than its counterparts from Catalonia and Majorca, in the context of the Crown of Aragon and the north-western Mediterranean during the later middle ages.

Changes in Carbon Isotope Discrimination in Grain Cereals From the North-Western Mediterranean Basin During the Past Seven Millenia

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL Araus ◽  
R Buxo
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Isotope Discrimination ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
North Western ◽  
The Middle Ages

Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) was determined for kernels of six-row barley and durum wheat cultivated in the north-western Mediterranean basin during the last seven millennia. Samples from the Neolithic, Bronze, Iron and Middle Ages came from different archaeological sites in Catalonia. Samples for the period 1910-20 and 1990 were also analysed. There was a slight decrease (P=0.10, carbonisation-corrected values) in Δ from the Neolithic to the Iron Age period and a much steeper decrease from the Middle Ages to 1910-20 (P<0.01). Since water-use efficiency and isotope discrimination are negatively correlated, from the pattern of change in Δ it is suggested that there has been a progressive increase in the water-use efficiency (WUE) of these cereals. Since the Middle Ages this has coincided with increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration. Thus, for a given relative humidity and air temperature, the estimated WUE (measured as the ratio of CO2 assimilation to transpiration) from the Neolithic to the Middle Ages samples ranged between 65-70% of present time WUE values, whereas WUE for 1910-20 was about 86% of present values.

scholarly journals Foraging dives of sperm whales in the north-western Mediterranean Sea

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 1799-1808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Gannier ◽  
Estelle Petiau ◽  
Violaine Dulau ◽  
Luke Rendell
Keyword(s):  
Prey Capture ◽  
Sperm Whale ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Sperm Whales ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Single Animal ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Passive Acoustic ◽  
North Western

Oceanic odontocetes rely on echolocation to forage on pelagic or benthic prey, but their feeding ecology is difficult to study. We studied sperm whale foraging dives during summer in the north-western Mediterranean, using visual and passive acoustic observations. Clicking and creaking activities were recorded during dives of focal whales, at distances <3000 m using a towed hydrophone and DAT recorder. A total of 52 sperm whales were recorded over at least one full dive cycle. Data were obtained for 156 complete dives in total, including sequences of up to nine consecutive dives. Various dive and environmental variables were entered in multiple linear regression and principal components analysis, as well as estimated mass of whales. Creak rate was 0.80 creak/minute on average, with moderate variance. Bigger whales tended to dive longer at greater depths (as suggested by ascent durations), and emitted more creaks during a dive: 20.2 creaks/dive on average for individuals <24 tons, compared to 25.6 creaks/dive for animals >24 tons of estimated mass. For individual whales, creak rates did not vary significantly with size (range 0.78–0.80 creak/minute), but decreased with time of the day, and increased for shorter foraging phases. For different dives, higher creak rates were also observed earlier in the day, and linked to shorter foraging phases and surface durations. Although the exact significance of creak emissions (i.e. foraging attempt or prey capture) is not precisely determined, creak rates may be reliably used to quantify sperm whale foraging when single animal dives can be followed acoustically.

scholarly journals The impact of Saharan dust on the particulate export in the water column of the North Western Mediterranean Sea

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 809-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ternon ◽  
C. Guieu ◽  
M.-D. Loÿe-Pilot ◽  
N. Leblond ◽  
E. Bosc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Mass Flux ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Spring Bloom ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Total Mass Flux ◽  
North Western

Abstract. Simultaneous measurements of atmospheric deposition and of sinking particles at 200 and 1000 m depth, were performed in the Ligurian Sea (North-Western Mediterranean) between 2003 and 2007, along with phytoplanktonic activity derived from satellite images. Atmospheric deposition of Saharan dust particles was very irregular and confirmed the importance of sporadic high magnitude events over the annual average (11.4 g m−2 yr−1 for the 4 years). The average marine total mass flux was 31 g m−2 yr−1, the larger fraction being the lithogenic one (~37%). The marine total mass flux displayed a seasonal pattern with a maximum in winter, occurring before the onset of the spring bloom. The highest POC fluxes did not occur during the spring bloom nor could they be directly related to any noticeable increase in the surface phytoplanktonic biomass. Over the 4 years of the study, the strongest POC fluxes were concomitant with large increases of the lithogenic marine flux, which had originated from either recent Saharan fallout events (February 2004 and August 2005), from "old" Saharan dust "stored" in the upper water column layer (March 2003 and February 2005), or alternatively from lithogenic material originating from Ligurian riverine flooding (December 2003, Arno, Roya and Var rivers). Those associated export fluxes defined as "lithogenic events", are believed to result from a combination of forcing (winter mixing or Saharan events, in particular extreme ones), biological (zooplankton) activity, and also organic-mineral aggregation inducing a ballast effect. By fertilising the surface layer, mixed Saharan dust events were shown to be able to induce "lithogenic events" during the stratification period. These events would be more efficient in transferring POC to the deeper layers than the spring bloom itself. The extreme Saharan event of February 2004 exported ~45% of the total annual POC, compared to an average of ~25% for the bloom period. This emphasises the role played by these "lithogenic events", and in particular those that are induced by the more extreme Saharan events, in the carbon export efficiency in the North-western Mediterranean Sea.

scholarly journals A new species of Pista Malmgren, 1866 (Polychaeta, Terebellidae) from the north-western Mediterranean Sea

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 838 ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
Céline Labrune ◽  
Nicolas Lavesque ◽  
Paulo Bonifácio ◽  
Pat Hutchings
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Mediterranean Sea ◽  
North Western ◽  
A New Species

A new species of Terebellidae, Pistacolinisp. n., has been identified from the harbour of Banyuls-sur-Mer, north-western Mediterranean Sea. This new species was found in very high densities, exclusively in gravelly sand deposited manually, and was not found in the original source habitat of the gravel. This species is characterized by the colour of the ventral shields with pinkish anterior part and a blood red posterior part in live specimens, a pair of unequal-sized plumose branchiae inserted on segment II and anterior thoracic neuropodia with long-handled uncini. The presence of long-handled uncini even in the smallest specimens constitutes the major difference between Pistacolinisp. n. and other Pista species with a single pair of branchiae such as P.lornensis and P.bansei.

scholarly journals Year-round energy dynamics of sardine and anchovy in the north-western Mediterranean Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 105021
Author(s):  
Marta Albo-Puigserver ◽  
Sonia Sánchez ◽  
Marta Coll ◽  
Miguel Bernal ◽  
Raquel Sáez-Liante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Energy Dynamics ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Mediterranean Sea ◽  
North Western
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