Monetary Aggregation for a Developing Economy: A Case Study of Nigeria

The aim of the article was to determine the geographic and industry differences for employee-remuneration gap-enhanced labour productivity levels in a developing economy. The Winter-Ebmer and Zweimuller model was used to estimate the signs and magnitudes of the employee-remuneration gap-enhanced labour productivity levels for the different industries in the different geographical areas. The estimation results for all three industries indicated a significant difference between the higher gross geographical product (GGP) provinces and the lower GGP provinces in terms of the employee-remuneration gap-enhanced labour productivity indicator coefficients (ERGLP indicator coefficients). The negative sign of the ERGLP indicator coefficients for the industries of some of the lower GGP provinces relates to the non-existence of any possible positive labour productivity effects that might stem from employee-remuneration gaps. The introduction of business uncertainty resulted in smaller ERGLP indicator coefficients across all industries and geographical areas. The impact was much more severe in the case of the lower GGP provinces

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Internationalisation of developing economy small and medium-sized enterprises: social capital and learning in Palestinian pharmaceutical firms

Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development ◽

10.1108/jsbed-06-2020-0230 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Grace Khoury ◽

Mira T. El-Far ◽

Elena Noor Khoury ◽

George Tovstiga

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Pharmaceutical Industry ◽

Exploratory Research ◽

Developing Economy ◽

International Expansion ◽

Cognitive Mechanisms ◽

Related Factors ◽

Content Type ◽

Study Approach

PurposeThe paper examines the role of learning through social capital on the internationalisation process of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) based within extreme contexts. The study focuses on the Palestinian pharmaceutical industry.Design/methodology/approachThe inductive, exploratory research used in this study adopts a case study approach. Data derived from semi-structured in-depth interviews held with senior management and companies' founders were analysed using content and thematic analysis techniques.FindingsThe findings suggest that accumulated learning by SMEs seeking international expansion is enhanced with stronger social capital ties and networks through structural, relational and cognitive mechanisms. Serendipity and liability effects enabled modes of foreign entry with higher degrees of commitment than efficacy-related factors.Practical implicationsThe Palestinian pharmaceutical industry presents a benchmark for other industries in comparable developing economy contexts. This study elucidates the important interrelationship between social capital and learning for SMEs seeking to expand internationally; the findings have implications for regional policymaking in developing economy regions.Originality/valueThe case study investigation focuses on the pharmaceutical industry and SMEs operating within the extreme context of Palestine, thereby contributing insights in an area of management enquiry that is under-represented in the extant literature.

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