The author analyzes the category of viability as a structural element of social adaptation of patients who underwent revisional hip replacement. Considering the process of postoperative rehabilitation, the author focuses on viability as an individual characteristic of patients, which determines the effectiveness of physical recovery and social adaptation after hip replacement. The article observes the results of an empirical study conducted on the basis of Saratov Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics of Minzdrav of Russia, aimed at studying the criteria of viability and social viability of adaptation and social adaptation.