fNIRS correlates of attentional states in Brodmann Area 10

Abstract Background: Pituitary adenoma(PA) may compress the optic apparatus and cause impaired vision. Some patients can get improved vision rapidly after surgery. During the early time after surgery, however, the change of neurofunction in extra-visual cortex and higher cognitive cortex is still yet to be explored so far. Objective: Our study is focused on the changes in the extra-visual resting-state networks in PA patients after vision restoration. Methods:We recruited 14 PA patients with visual improvement after surgery. The functional connectivity (FC) of 6 seeds (auditory cortex (A1), Broca's area, posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)for default mode network (DMN), right caudal anterior cingulate cortex for salience network(SN) and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for excecutive control network (ECN)) were evaluated. A paired t-test was conducted to identify the differences between two groups. Results: Compared with the preoperation counterparts, the PA patients with improved vision exhibited decreased FC with right A1 was identified in left insula lobule, right middle temporal gyrus and left postcentral gyrus, and increased FC in the right paracentral lobule; decreased FC with broca in left middle temporal gyrus, and increased FC in left Insula lobule and right thalamus; decreased FC with DMN in right declive, and right precuneus, and increased FC in right brodmann area 17, left cuneus and right posterior cingulate; decreased FC with ECN in right posterior cingulate, right angular and right precuneus; decreased FC with SN in right middle temporal gyrus, right hippocampus, and right precuneus, and increased FC in right fusiform gyrus, left lingual gyrus and right brodmann area 19.Conclusions: The vision restoration may cause the response of cross-modal plasticity and the multisensory system related to A1 and broca. The DMN and SN may involve in top-down control on the subareas within vision cortex. The precuneus may involve in DMN, ECN and SN simultaneously.

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A neuroimaging study of pleasant and unpleasant olfactory perceptions of virgin olive oil

Grasas y Aceites ◽

10.3989/gya.0329161 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 157 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Vivancos ◽

N. Tena ◽

M. T. Morales ◽

R. Aparicio ◽

D. L. García-González

Keyword(s):

Olive Oil ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽

Virgin Olive Oil ◽

Brodmann Area ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Activity Data ◽

Test Analysis ◽

Virgin Olive Oils ◽

Olive Oils

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used to collect information from neurons that receive direct input from olfactory bulbs when subjects smell virgin olive oil. The pleasant aroma of three extra virgin olive oils (var. Royal, Arbequina and Picual) and three virgin olive oils with sensory defects (rancid, fusty and winey/vinegary) were presented to 14 subjects while a fMRI scan acquired data from the brain activity. Data were subjected to a two-sample t test analysis, which allows a better interpretation of results particularly when data are studied across different subjects. Most of the activations, which were located in the frontal lobe, are related to the olfactory task regardless of the hedonic component of perception (e.g. Brodmann areas 10, 11). Comparing the samples with pleasant and unpleasant aromas, differences were found at the anterior cingulate gyrus (Brodmann area 32), at the temporal lobe (Brodmann area 38), and inferior frontal gyrus (Brodmann area 47), while intense aromas activated Brodmann area 6. The actual perceptions described by the subjects and the concentration of the odorant compounds in the samples were considered in the interpretation of the results.

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Mirror Mechanism Behind Visual–Auditory Interaction: Evidence From Event-Related Potentials in Children With Cochlear Implants

Frontiers in Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnins.2021.692520 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Junbo Wang ◽

Jiahao Liu ◽

Kaiyin Lai ◽

Qi Zhang ◽

Yiqing Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Speech Recognition ◽

Cochlear Implants ◽

Mirror Neurons ◽

Recognition Task ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Brodmann Area ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Visual Speech ◽

Brodmann Areas ◽

Related Potentials

The mechanism underlying visual-induced auditory interaction is still under discussion. Here, we provide evidence that the mirror mechanism underlies visual–auditory interactions. In this study, visual stimuli were divided into two major groups—mirror stimuli that were able to activate mirror neurons and non-mirror stimuli that were not able to activate mirror neurons. The two groups were further divided into six subgroups as follows: visual speech-related mirror stimuli, visual speech-irrelevant mirror stimuli, and non-mirror stimuli with four different luminance levels. Participants were 25 children with cochlear implants (CIs) who underwent an event-related potential (ERP) and speech recognition task. The main results were as follows: (1) there were significant differences in P1, N1, and P2 ERPs between mirror stimuli and non-mirror stimuli; (2) these ERP differences between mirror and non-mirror stimuli were partly driven by Brodmann areas 41 and 42 in the superior temporal gyrus; (3) ERP component differences between visual speech-related mirror and non-mirror stimuli were partly driven by Brodmann area 39 (visual speech area), which was not observed when comparing the visual speech-irrelevant stimulus and non-mirror groups; and (4) ERPs evoked by visual speech-related mirror stimuli had more components correlated with speech recognition than ERPs evoked by non-mirror stimuli, while ERPs evoked by speech-irrelevant mirror stimuli were not significantly different to those induced by the non-mirror stimuli. These results indicate the following: (1) mirror and non-mirror stimuli differ in their associated neural activation; (2) the visual–auditory interaction possibly led to ERP differences, as Brodmann areas 41 and 42 constitute the primary auditory cortex; (3) mirror neurons could be responsible for the ERP differences, considering that Brodmann area 39 is associated with processing information about speech-related mirror stimuli; and (4) ERPs evoked by visual speech-related mirror stimuli could better reflect speech recognition ability. These results support the hypothesis that a mirror mechanism underlies visual–auditory interactions.

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