Carbon-dots Embedded Glass Based Inverse Micropillar Structures by Two-photon Polymerization Process

Abstract This study successfully integrates acoustic patterning with the Two-Photon Polymerization (TPP) process for printing nanoparticle–polymer composite microstructures with spatially varied nanoparticle compositions. Currently, the TPP process is gaining increasing attention within the engineering community for the direct manufacturing of complex three-dimensional (3D) microstructures. Yet the full potential of TPP manufactured microstructures is limited by the materials used. This study aims to create and demonstrate a novel acoustic field-assisted TPP (A-TPP) process, which can instantaneously pattern and assemble nanoparticles in a liquid droplet, and fabricate anisotropic nanoparticle–polymer composites with spatially controlled particle–polymer material compositions. It was found that the biggest challenge in integrating acoustic particle patterning with the TPP process is that nanoparticles move upon laser irradiation due to the photothermal effect, and hence, the acoustic assembly is distorted during the photopolymerization process. To cure acoustic assembly of nanoparticles in the resin through TPP with the desired nanoparticle patterns, the laser power needs to be carefully tuned so that it is adequate for curing while low enough to prevent the photothermal effect. To address this challenge, this study investigated the threshold laser power for polymerization of TPP resin (Pthr) and photothermal instability of the nanoparticle (Pthp). Patterned nanoparticle–polymer composite microstructures were fabricated using the novel A-TPP process. Experimental results validated the feasibility of the developed acoustic field-assisted TPP process on printing anisotropic composites with spatially controlled material compositions.

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Axial Control of Two-Photon Polymerization With Femtosecond Bessel Beam

Volume 2: Additive Manufacturing; Materials ◽

10.1115/msec2017-2788 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoming Yu ◽

Meng Zhang ◽

Shuting Lei

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Bessel Beam ◽

Average Diameter ◽

Axial Direction ◽

Polymerization Process ◽

Layer By Layer ◽

Light Modulator ◽

Simultaneous Generation ◽

Two Photon ◽

Two Photon Polymerization

Stereolithography of three-dimensional, arbitrarily-shaped objects is achieved by successively curing photopolymer on multiple 2D planes and then stacking these 2D slices into 3D objects. Often as a bottleneck for speeding up the fabrication process, this layer-by-layer approach originates from the lack of axial control of photopolymerization. In this paper, we present a novel stereolithography technology with which two-photon polymerization can be dynamically controlled in the axial direction using Bessel beam generated from a spatial light modulator (SLM) and an axicon. First, we use unmodulated Bessel beam to fabricate micro-wires with an average diameter of 100 μm and a length exceeding 10 mm, resulting in an aspect ratio > 100:1. A study on the polymerization process shows that a fabrication speed of 2 mm/s can be achieved. Defect and deformation are observed, and the micro-wires consist of multiple narrow fibers which indicate the existence of the self-writing effect. A test case is presented to demonstrate fast 3D printing of a hollow tube within one second. Next, we modulate the Bessel beam with an SLM and demonstrate the simultaneous generation of multiple focal spots along the laser propagation direction. These spots can be dynamically controlled by loading an image sequence on the SLM. The theoretical foundation of this technology is outlined, and computer simulation is conducted to verify the experimental results. The presented technology extends current stereolithography into the third dimension, and has the potential to significantly increase 3D printing speed.

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Two Photon Polymerization Micro/Nanofabrication of Suspended Nanorods in Organically Modified Ceramics

NANO ◽

10.1142/s1793292017500333 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (03) ◽

pp. 1750033 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jieqiong Lin ◽

Xian Jing ◽

Mingming Lu ◽

Yan Gu ◽

Baojun Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scanning Speed ◽

Processing Parameters ◽

Polymerization Process ◽

Experimental Scheme ◽

Two Photon ◽

Threshold Theory ◽

Organically Modified ◽

Vertical Size ◽

Two Photon Polymerization

Organically modified ceramics are used as photoresistors in the present work. The role of every ingredient played in two photon polymerization process is analyzed. A simple, compact and easy to locate experimental scheme is designed to fabricate nanorods in Ormocer. Based on the threshold theory of photon intensity, the lateral size dependences and vertical size dependences of nanorods on laser power and scanning speed are investigated, respectively. Through systematically changing processing parameters, a 136[Formula: see text]nm Ormocer suspended nanorod which is beyond diffraction limit resolution is obtained when [Formula: see text]m/s, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mW. By this means, two photon polymerization techniques show great potential to obtain a limiting resolution of Ormocer. What is more, micro gear, micro chair, photonic crystal and micro annular lens are fabricated in two photon polymerization in order to exhibit excellent mechanical and optical property of Ormocer.

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Study of the two-photon excitation of photoinitiator in various solvents, and the two-photon polymerization process

Applied Optics ◽

10.1364/ao.54.007020 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 54 (23) ◽

pp. 7020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bibi Safia Haq ◽

Hidayat Ullah Khan ◽

Khan Alam ◽

Shehnaz Attaullah ◽

Islam Zari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polymerization Process ◽

Two Photon ◽

Photon Excitation ◽

Two Photon Excitation ◽

Two Photon Polymerization

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Fabrication of Micro Three Dimensional Structures by Two Photon Polymerization with SiO/Resin

Advances in Science and Technology ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.100.93 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 100 ◽

pp. 93-99

Author(s):

Maria Guadalupe del Rocio Herrera Salazar ◽

Hiroyuki Akiyama ◽

Tadachika Nakayama ◽

Hisayuki Suematsu ◽

Koichi Niihara

Keyword(s):

Hybrid Material ◽

Optical Transmission ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Polymerization Process ◽

Dimensional Structure ◽

Two Photon ◽

Digital Microscope ◽

Micrometer Scale ◽

Micro Structures ◽

Two Photon Polymerization

In this paper we presented the synthesis of TEOS with photoresist in order to use it like a hybrid material for 3D printer on the micrometer scale by means of the two-photon polymerization process, in which two photon are absorbed simultaneously by the material using an ultrafast laser causing its polymerization. We analyzed the mix of TEOS and photoresist with UV-VIS and FTIR spectrometers, checking that complies with two important conditions: has an optical transmission at 780 nm and absorbs at 390 nm. Finally we fabricated micro-structures with a new hybrid material; TEOS does not absorb the laser in this system and does not interfere with the formation of a three-dimensional structure. After formation the 3D microstructure, samples were heated to form the SiO. These samples of microstructures were observed under digital microscope and SEM.

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3D computer-aided nanoprinting for solid-state nanopores

Nanoscale Horizons ◽

10.1039/c8nh00006a ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 312-316 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Haibo Ding ◽

Qiming Zhang ◽

Zhongze Gu ◽

Min Gu

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Polymerization Process ◽

Direct Laser Writing ◽

Laser Writing ◽

Two Photon ◽

Direct Laser ◽

Computer Aided ◽

Two Photon Polymerization

Solid-state nanopores with controllable sizes and shapes were generated by direct laser writing using a computer-aided two-photon polymerization process.

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Two-photon polymerization process for optically driven micromachines

10.1117/12.651757 ◽

2005 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gregor Knöner ◽

Julien Higuet ◽

Simon Parkin ◽

Timo A. Nieminen ◽

Norman R. Heckenberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polymerization Process ◽

Two Photon ◽

Two Photon Polymerization

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Fabrication of arbitrary polymer patterns for cell study by two-photon polymerization process

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A ◽

10.1002/jbm.a.32517 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 9999A ◽

pp. NA-NA ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Hojeong Jeon ◽

Hirofumi Hidai ◽

David J. Hwang ◽

Costas P. Grigoropoulos

Keyword(s):

Polymerization Process ◽

Two Photon ◽

Cell Study ◽

Two Photon Polymerization

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Characterization of two-photon polymerization process using Raman microspectroscopy

10.1117/12.2041778 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

L. J. Jiang ◽

Y. S. Zhou ◽

W. Xiong ◽

Y. Gao ◽

T. Baldacchini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Raman Microspectroscopy ◽

Polymerization Process ◽

Two Photon ◽

Two Photon Polymerization

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Process Sensitivity Analysis and Resolution Prediction for the Two Photon Polymerization of Micro/Nano Structures

Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.4000097 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 131 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Nitin Uppal ◽

Panos S. Shiakolas

Keyword(s):

Process Parameters ◽

Scanning Speed ◽

Model Verification ◽

Polymerization Process ◽

Photosensitive Polymers ◽

Two Photon ◽

Nano Structures ◽

Proposed Model ◽

Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate ◽

Two Photon Polymerization

Two photon polymerization (2PP) is a rapid prototyping technique for the fabrication of micro/nano structures from photosensitive polymers. The polymerization process and its resolution depend on the combination of various chemical and physical process parameters. In this research, statistical techniques are employed to evaluate the sensitivity of the 2PP process on the applied laser power, scanning speed, and concentration of photoinitiator. The experiments were performed using the ethoxylated (6) trimethylolpropane triacrylate (SR499-Sartomer) monomer and acyl phosphine oxide (Lucirin TPO-L-BASF) photoinitiator. A design of experiments approach is utilized to evaluate the effect of these process parameters at various set levels on the polymerized width and height. The proposed model is checked for interaction among the process parameters and multiple comparisons are performed to evaluate the statistically significant differences. Also, a detailed discussion of the model verification based on error analysis is performed and presented. A regression model is also developed for the prediction of polymerization resolution and the developed statistical model is experimentally verified. Finally, the developed model and the understanding acquired through the statistical analysis were used for the prototyping of various micro/nano structures.

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