Maxillary sinus cyst as a risk factor for osteomeatal complex block

Introduction: Cysts of the maxillary sinuses are found in about 10% of the population. There is a necessity to clarify indications for cyst removal taking into account its size. The purpose of the study to clarify the indications for surgical treatment of maxillary sinus cysts as a risk factor for sinus drainage disorders in the development of maxillary sinusitis. Methods and materials: 57 people (92 sinuses) were examined. There were 20 patients (40 sinuses) with acute rhinosinusitis, 22 patients (22 sinuses) with post-augmentation sinusitis, and 15 (30 sinuses) almost healthy individuals among them. Prediction of the cyst size, which can lead to blockage of the maxillary sinus ostium, was performed by direct measurement on coronary sections at the ostiomeatal complex level distance from the surface of the mucoperiosteum in the area of the alveolar recessus to the lower surface of the mucosal surface in the area of the ostium. The obtained data were verified by calculation method taking into account the height of the sinus at the level of the osteomeatal complex, the magnitude of possible mucoperiosteum edema in the alveolar recessus and ostium in acute rhinosinusitis and post-augmentation sinusitis, as well as the magnitude of mucoperiosteum elevation due to sinus lift. Results: It was found that the vertical size of the cyst, which can potentially lead to blockage of the maxillary sinus ostium in acute rhinosinusitis is 21.2±0.8 mm, 14.7±1.1 mm in sinusitis after augmentation of the maxilla, and 28.5±0.7 mm in practically healthy individuals. The calculated values are 18.5 mm, 14.0 mm and 24.5 mm, respectively. In case of acute rhinosinusitis, the distance from the apex of the cyst to the surface of the mucous membrane of the ostiomeatal complex area may decrease by 12.8 mm, and in sinusitis after sinus lift it may decrease by 20.4 mm. Conclusions: To assess the potential of the ostiomeatal complex block by a cyst located in the alveolar recessus in acute rhinosinusitis, its vertical size is really important according to coronary sections of at the ostiomeatal complex level corresponding to the location of 5-6 teeth of the upper jaw. The indication for removal of the cyst of the alveolar recessus of the maxillary sinus, as a factor that may worsen the course of acute rhinosinusitis due to the anastomosis block, is its size exceeding 20 mm, and 15 mm for patients who plan to sinus lift.

Linear Morphometric Parameters of the Liver in Children and Adolescents according to Intravital Imaging Findings

The aim of the study is to define age and gender regularities of the linear morphometric parameters of the liver in children and adolescents on the basis of intravital imaging findings.Material and methods. The authors analyzed computed tomograms of the abdominal cavity in 75 children without visible pathology. All patients were divided into 4 groups depending on their age: early childhood, first childhood, second childhood, adolescence. The transverse, anteroposterior and vertical dimensions of the right and left hepatic lobes were investigated on 16-slice computed tomographs. The obtained findings were processed using variational statistical analysis, the mean value (M), standard error (m) and the statistical significance were defined using the Student's t-test.Results. There was a significant increase in the anteroposterior size of the right hepatic lobe in separate sections at different age periods. A statistical significance between the parameters of the anteroposterior size of the right hepatic lobe was registered in girls and boys within the following groups: on one section in the 2nd group of patients, on two sections in the 4th group of patients. A statistical significance between the parameters of the transverse size of the right hepatic lobe was registered on one section (ThXII) in the 2nd and 3rd groups, and on two (ThXI and LI) and three (ThXI, ThXII and LI) sections in the 3rd and 4th groups of girls and boys, respectively. A statistical significance between the parameters of the transverse size of the right hepatic lobe in girls and boys were recorded only in the 4th group on three sections (ThXI, ThXII and LI). The vertical size of the right hepatic lobe was significantly higher in the 2nd and 4th groups, and the differences in the parameters between girls and boys were noted only among adolescents. A significant increase in the anteroposterior size of the left hepatic lobe was registered only in girls of the 2nd and 3rd groups on two sections (ThXII and LI); a significant increase in the transverse size was only registered at the LI level in these groups of patients. A significant increase in the vertical size of the left hepatic lobe was only detected in girls of the first childhood compared with girls of the early childhood. No statistical significance was registered for any of the linear parameters of the left hepatic lobe between girls and boys of the same groups.Conclusion. Thus, there was a significant increase in the anteroposterior and transverse dimensions of the right hepatic lobe in separate sections and an increase in the vertical size between individual groups of the studied patients, as well as a statistical significance between girls and boys of the same group. A significant increase in the anteroposterior and transverse dimensions of the left hepatic lobe was detected only in girls of the 2nd and 3rd groups if compared with the girls of the 1st group. No significant differences were registered between girls and boys of the same groups for any of the linear parameters of the left hepatic lobe.

The southernmost occurrence of the volcanic-rich layer of 5.5 Main the Northern Apennines: clues on its deposition

<p>A volcanic-rich horizon crops along the Northern Apennines chain for about 200 km, in the post-evaporitic sedimentary sequence with an age of 5.5 Ma. Its thickness ranges between 30-200 cm and has been interpreted either as a primary fallout or a giant gravity flow in seawater (Aldinucci et al., 2005; Trua et al., 2010; Cosentino et al., 2013). Here, we focus on the two southernmost occurrences in the Abruzzo region (Central Italy): Castiglione a’ Casauria (CAC 42°14'10'' 13°53'29') and San Vittorino (SVT 42°12'10'' 13°53'29'') villages.</p><p>The SVT and CAC deposits are lithified with thickness of 80 and 220 cm, respectively, mildly fractured and greyish to light brown in colour. Four (SVT) and fifteen (CAC) oriented samples coaxial to the field, were cut and polished to expose about 470 and 700 cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively, of their vertical mesoscopic surfaces. The oriented thin sections and powders were prepared according to these mesoscopic attributes.</p><p>The XRPD (X-ray powder diffraction) spectra show the presence of a peculiar prominent large shoulder reflecting significative silicate non-crystalline phase, i.e. volcanic glass, plus faint Bragg reflections indicative of minor amounts of quartz, two feldspars (anorthite and sanidine), clinopyroxene, biotite and montmorillonite. The latter mineral results from post-emplacement and secondary crystallization. In addition, calcite and dolomite XRPD peaks occur with intensity inversely proportional to that of the silicate glass, reflecting the abundance or paucity of sedimentary versus volcanic fractions in sub-layers.</p><p>The microscopic 2D textures plus compositional features were investigated by SEM and EPMA. Both volcanic layers are very rich in fine-grained (averaging on 200 mm) and highly sorted glassy ashy clasts, while minerals are very poor (< 5 area%) in agreement with XRPD outcomes. Lithified ashes are mainly blocky in shape and un-broken. The ashes plot in the rhyolitic TAS field and overlap those already reported from other Northern Apennine sites. The amount of volatiles (H<sub>2</sub>O + CO<sub>2</sub>) estimated from EPMA average on about 6 wt.%, in agreement with the quantities of LOI determined on both bulk samples.</p><p>Field observations coupled with analysis on mesoscopic polished rock slices and thin sections do not shown any significant vertical size gradation and sorting, while fossils are almost absent. By contrast, both volcanic-rich deposits show: sedimentary- and volcanic-rich sub-layers, cm-sized volcanic clasts dispersed prevalently on the uppermost sedimentary sub-layers, cm-sized convolute laminations and slumped pseudo-beds. All these features demonstrate mass transport, soft-sediment deformation and fluid escape in seawater. Nonetheless, the absence of rounded ashy clasts, lithic sedimentary rock and classic Bouma sequence features (typical in coeval and adjacent deposits) mirror for local remobilization of poorly consolidated to loose carbonate and tephra deposits. In parallel, the high sorting of fine ashy clasts suggest a primary deposition from a distal fall-out eruptions. The location and features of both SVT and CAC volcanic-rich layers extend the previously inferred distribution of this ancient volcanic eruption.</p><p>References</p><p>Aldinucci et al., 2005. GeoActa, 4, 2005, pp. 67-82</p><p>Cosentino et al., 2013. Geology, 41, pp. 323-326</p><p>Trua et al., 2010. Italian Journal of Geosciences, 129, pp. 269-279</p>

Comparative assessment of average clinical smile parameters in male and female patients with orthognathic occlusion

Relevance. Separate issues in anthropomorphic sizes of relative norm of the ideal smile, its qualitative and qualitative parameters have not been addressed to sufficiently and are not properly reflected in scientific literature.Purpose. To determine distinguishing features in average smile parameters of the smile in male and female patients with orthognathic occlusion.Materials and methods. A clinical and anthropometric evaluation of parameters in main smile types was carried out for 150 young males and 150 young females aged 19-24 who had identical physiological development parameters.Results. It has been revealed that occurrence frequency of main smile types in patients with orthognathic occlusion has pronounced signs of sexual dimorphism which in over one half of the cases lies in predominance of the incisal smile type in males (52.7%) and the fascial type in females (55.3%). Occurence frequency of the cervical smile type totaled 25% among the studied patients of both genders. Average vertical size parameters in the incisal smile lies within the diapason of 3.91-4.91mm with surpassing by 1mm in males. Analogical data for the fascial smile type form the diapason of 6.21-6.73mm with surpassing by 0.52mm in females. The cervical smile type is characterised by larger vertical size forming the diapason of 7.94-8.91mm with surpassing by 0.97mm in males.Conclusion. The results of the study have shown that the “beautiful and ideal smile” is a relative concept having varied anthropometric characteristics and pronounced signs of sexual dimorphism lying in a broad spectrum of the dentofacial system norm notion with specific vectors for individual morphological deviations.

COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF LABORATORY AND ANTHROPOMETRIC AND INSTRUMENTAL SIGNS OF NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME

In the process, the purpose of which was to compare laboratory anthropometric and instrumental signs of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with metabolic syndrome, 53 residents of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra were examined. The comparison group consisted of 22 patients, the study group – 31 patients. In the group of patients with metabolic syndrome, a weak positive dependence of the height, weight and thickness of the left lobe of the liver was revealed by ultrasound, less pronounced than in the comparison group. There was no signifi cant dependence of fasting glycemia, serum total cholesterol and oblique vertical size of the right, the thickness of the left lobe of the liver in the study group wasn`t detected. When conducting ultrasound of the liver as a result of therapeutic measures aimed at weight loss, it is possible to evaluate the thickness of the left lobe of the liver as a criterion for the eff ectiveness of therapy. A signifi cant dependence of weight and laboratory blood parameters and oblique vertical size of the liver in the study wasn`t detected.

Comparative analysis of anatomic parameters of the eyeball in children with ametropia, congenital glaucoma, aphakia and artiphakia

Purpose. To conduct a comparative analysis of the anatomical parameters of the eyeball in children with ametropia, congenital glaucoma, aphakia and artiphakia.Material and methods. The study involved 73 patients (146 eyes) aged 5 to 12 years with ametropia, congenital glaucoma, aphakia and artiphakia and was carried out on an ultrasonic device STRONG 6000 T in the A-scan mode with the 10 MHz sensor set for three points.Results. A significant increase in the size of axial length of the eyeball in moderate and high myopia and in the vertical size in high myopia were revealed. In high hyperopia, sagittal dimensions were reduced while the transverse dimensions were a bit greater than the sagittal ones. In far-advanced stage of congenital glaucoma, a significant increase in eyeball dimensions was noted both in the axial direction and in the transverse — horizontal direction. No significant differences in sagittal and transverse dimensions were noted in aphakia and artiphakia. Conclusion. For a comprehensive assessment of the clinical course of the disease, in particular as concerns the condition of the fibrous capsule of the eye in children with ametropia, congenital glaucoma, aphakia and artiphakia, echobiometric indicators characterizing sagittal and transverse (vertical and horizontal) sizes of the eyeball should be taken into account.