Temporal dissipative structures in optical Kerr resonators with transient loss fluctuation

There are many areas in medicine in which the diagnosis poses significant difficulties and depends essentially on the clinician’s ability to take and interpret the patient’s history. The differential diagnosis of transient loss of consciousness (TLOC) is one such example, in particular the distinction between epilepsy and ‘psychogenic’ non-epileptic seizures (NES) is often difficult. A correct diagnosis is crucial because it determines the choice of treatment. Diagnosis is typically reliant on patients’ (and witnesses’) descriptions; however, conventional methods of history-taking focusing on the factual content of these descriptions are associated with relatively high rates of diagnostic errors. The use of linguistic methods (particularly conversation analysis) in research settings has demonstrated that these approaches can provide hints likely to be useful in the differentiation of epileptic and non-epileptic seizures. This paper explores to what extent (and under which conditions) the findings of these previous studies could be transposed from a research into a routine clinical setting.

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Photoinduced Spatiotemporal Oscillations and Self-Organization of Dissipative Structures in Polymer-Immobilized Dispersed Semiconductors

Journal of Nano- and Electronic Physics ◽

10.21272/jnep.10(4).04022 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 04022-1-04022-8

Author(s):

O. V. Gradov ◽

◽

M. A. Gradova ◽

Keyword(s):

Dissipative Structures ◽

Self Organization ◽

Spatiotemporal Oscillations

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Pentoxifylline and Oxypurinol: Potential Drugs to Prevent the “Cytokine Release (Storm) Syndrome” Caused by SARS-CoV-2?

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612826666200811180232 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (35) ◽

pp. 4515-4521

Author(s):

Francisco J. López-Iranzo ◽

Ana M. López-Rodas ◽

Luis Franco ◽

Gerardo López-Rodas

Keyword(s):

Lung Parenchyma ◽

Interstitial Tissue ◽

Cytokine Release ◽

Phase I Clinical Trials ◽

Infected People ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Transient Loss ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

And Control ◽

Inflammatory Action

Background: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a potentially lethal, rapidly-expanding pandemic and many efforts are being carried out worldwide to understand and control the disease. COVID-19 patients may display a cytokine release syndrome, which causes severe lung inflammation, leading, in many instances, to death. Objective: This paper is intended to explore the possibilities of controlling the COVID-19-associated hyperinflammation by using licensed drugs with anti-inflammatory effects. Hypothesis: We have previously described that pentoxifylline alone, or in combination with oxypurinol, reduces the systemic inflammation caused by experimentally-induced pancreatitis in rats. Pentoxifylline is an inhibitor of TNF-α production and oxypurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase. TNF-α, in turn, activates other inflammatory genes such as Nos2, Icam or IL-6, which regulate migration and infiltration of neutrophils into the pulmonary interstitial tissue, causing injury to the lung parenchyma. In acute pancreatitis, the anti-inflammatory action of pentoxifylline seems to be mediated by the prevention of the rapid and presumably transient loss of PP2A activity. This may also occur in the hyperinflammatory -cytokine releasing phase- of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, it may be hypothesized that early treatment of COVID-19 patients with pentoxifylline, alone or in combination with oxypurinol, would prevent the potentially lethal acute respiratory distress syndrome. Conclusion: Pentoxifylline and oxypurinol are licensed drugs used for diseases other than COVID-19 and, therefore, phase I clinical trials would not be necessary for the administration to SARS-CoV-2- infected people. It would be worth investigating their potential effects against the hyperinflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Characterization of Dissipative Structures for First-Order Symmetric Hyperbolic System with General Relaxation

Mathematics ◽

10.3390/math9070728 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 728

Author(s):

Yasunori Maekawa ◽

Yoshihiro Ueda

Keyword(s):

Hyperbolic System ◽

Dissipative Structure ◽

Dissipative Structures ◽

Algebraic Characterization ◽

Symmetric Hyperbolic System ◽

Full Generality ◽

Order Linear ◽

First Order

In this paper, we study the dissipative structure of first-order linear symmetric hyperbolic system with general relaxation and provide the algebraic characterization for the uniform dissipativity up to order 1. Our result extends the classical Shizuta–Kawashima condition for the case of symmetric relaxation, with a full generality and optimality.

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Implementation of Adenovirus-Mediated Pulmonary Expression of Human ACE2 in HLA Transgenic Mice Enables Establishment of a COVID-19 Murine Model for Assessment of Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10080940 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 940

Author(s):

Theodor Chitlaru ◽

Erez Bar-Haim ◽

Liat Bar-On ◽

Shahar Rotem ◽

Hila Cohen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transgenic Mice ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Post Infection ◽

High Reproducibility ◽

Cellular Immune Responses ◽

Loss Of Weight ◽

Transient Loss ◽

Different Strains ◽

Cellular Immune ◽

Human Specific

HLA transgenic mice are instrumental for evaluation of human-specific immune responses to viral infection. Mice do not develop COVID-19 upon infection with SARS-CoV-2 due to the strict tropism of the virus to the human ACE2 receptor. The aim of the current study was the implementation of an adenovirus-mediated infection protocol for human ACE2 expression in HLA transgenic mice. Transient pulmonary expression of the human ACE2 receptor in these mice results in their sensitisation to SARS-CoV-2 infection, consequently providing a valuable animal model for COVID-19. Infection results in a transient loss in body weight starting 3 days post-infection, reaching 20–30% loss of weight at day 7 and full recovery at days 11–13 post-infection. The evolution of the disease revealed high reproducibility and very low variability among individual mice. The method was implemented in two different strains of HLA immunized mice. Infected animals developed strong protective humoral and cellular immune responses specific to the viral spike-protein, strictly depending on the adenovirus-mediated human ACE2 expression. Convalescent animals were protected against a subsequent re-infection with SARS-CoV-2, demonstrating that the model may be applied for assessment of efficacy of anti-viral immune responses.

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