Analysis of Multi-Component Gas Mixtures by Correlation of Infrared Spectra

1984 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Bingham ◽  
C. H. Burton
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Gas Mixtures ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Polar Component ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gas Pressures

A simulation study and an experimental investigation of the effect of noise and resolution in the determination of polar gas pressures in gas mixtures has been performed The pressures were obtained by a procedure which correlates the polar gas infrared spectra and describes band absorptance phenomenologically For single-polar-component binary mixtures, the partial pressure may be found accurately over a wide range of resolution Low resolving powers are favored with noisy spectra Polar gas partial pressures were also extracted from quaternary mixtures, with an uncertaintity of less than 5% over a wide range of resolving power Improvements to and limitations of the technique are discussed

scholarly journals SIMULATION OF INTERACTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES WITH ANISOTROPIC MEDIA UNDER HYDROCARBON DEPOSITS IN THE MODE OF VIDEO-PULSE SIGNALS

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-256
Author(s):  
V. F. Yanushkevich ◽  
K. I. Ivanova ◽  
M. M. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Video Pulse ◽  
Electromagnetic Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Level ◽  
Hydrocarbon Deposits ◽  
Hydrocarbon Deposit

The article presents the simulation of the interaction of electromagnetic waves in the mode of video pulse signals with the medium over hydrocarbon deposits. The analysis of the spectra of reflected video pulse signals from the medium over hydrocarbons is carried out. A study of the propagation of radio waves over hydrocarbons is carried out within the framework of a quasihydrodynamic approximation. The choice of the frequencies of video pulse signals is due to the determination of media characteristics over deposits at great depths compared to the surface of the earth. The spectrum of reflected signals from an anisotropic medium above a hydrocarbon deposit in the mode of video pulse signals can be used to determine the electrodynamic characteristics of the medium over the deposit over a wide range of frequencies of probed signals, dielectric permittivities and conductivity of media. The ability to reconfigure a geo-prospecting device from one mode to another (pulse width adjustment) in the presence of a deposit complements the functionality to search for hydrocarbon deposits. Electromagnetic methods for the search for and identification of hydrocarbons can be improved by obtaining information about objects through several information channels, which allows them to be identified with a sufficiently high level of reliability on the background of the underlying environment. The depths of occurrence, the resolving power in the investigated frequency range are determined. The results of the research can be used to develop new electromagnetic methods for the search for hydrocarbon deposits.

Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Wings in Circular Motion

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (02) ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
Zelik Segal
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Circular Motion ◽  
Hydrodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Large Curvature ◽  
Small Curvature ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Correct Determination ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Wing Chord

Hydrodynamic characteristics of wings in circular motion are determined at present very approximately, as a rule, according to the solution of the problem on streamlining the wing by a small curvature nonviscid potential. However, in some practical cases the radius of the wing trajectory is of the same order of magnitude as the wing chord. That is why there is a necessity for a more correct determination of wing hydrodynamic characteristics, accounting for the relatively large curvature of the wing trajectory and the and viscosity. This paper presents a description and results of our theoretical and experimental investigation of the hydrodynamic characteristics of wings in a wide range of relative radiuses of their motion.

Transmission Electron Microscopy of Protein Macromolecules

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 424-425
Author(s):  
Henry S. Slayter
Keyword(s):  
Biological Systems ◽  
Metal Vapor ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Transmission Electron

Electron microscopic methods have been applied increasingly during the past fifteen years, to problems in structural molecular biology. Used in conjunction with physical chemical methods and/or Fourier methods of analysis, they constitute powerful tools for determining sizes, shapes and modes of aggregation of biopolymers with molecular weights greater than 50, 000. However, the application of the e.m. to the determination of very fine structure approaching the limit of instrumental resolving power in biological systems has not been productive, due to various difficulties such as the destructive effects of dehydration, damage to the specimen by the electron beam, and lack of adequate and specific contrast. One of the most satisfactory methods for contrasting individual macromolecules involves the deposition of heavy metal vapor upon the specimen. We have investigated this process, and present here what we believe to be the more important considerations for optimizing it. Results of the application of these methods to several biological systems including muscle proteins, fibrinogen, ribosomes and chromatin will be discussed.

Experimental Determination of the Effective Resolution Limit in Thick Specimens at High Voltages

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 664-665
Author(s):  
Mircea Fotino
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Resolution Limit ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Resolution Level

The use of thick specimens (0.5 μm to 5.0 μm or more) is one of the most resourceful applications of high-voltage electron microscopy in biological research. However, the energy loss experienced by the electron beam in the specimen results in chromatic aberration and thus in a deterioration of the effective resolving power. This sets a limit to the maximum usable specimen thickness when investigating structures requiring a certain resolution level.An experimental approach is here described in which the deterioration of the resolving power as a function of specimen thickness is determined. In a manner similar to the Rayleigh criterion in which two image points are considered resolved at the resolution limit when their profiles overlap such that the minimum of one coincides with the maximum of the other, the resolution attainable in thick sections can be measured by the distance from minimum to maximum (or, equivalently, from 10% to 90% maximum) of the broadened profile of a well-defined step-like object placed on the specimen.

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