Maternal Infection Is a Risk Factor for Early Childhood Infection in Filariasis

As communities worldwide shift from consuming traditional diets to more processed snacks and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), increases in child obesity and tooth decay and persistence of undernutrition are particularly apparent in Latin American countries. Further evidence of shared risk factors between child undernutrition and poor oral health outcomes is needed to structure more effective health interventions for children’s nutrition. This study aims to identify dietary, oral health, and sociodemographic risk factors for child undernutrition and severe early childhood caries (sECC) among a convenience sample of 797 caregiver–child pairs from rural Salvadoran communities. Caregiver interviews on child dietary and oral health practices were conducted, and their children’s height, weight, and dental exam data were collected. Multivariable regression analyses were performed using RStudio (version 1.0.143). Caregiver use of SSBs in the baby bottle was identified as a common significant risk factor for child undernutrition (p = 0.011) and sECC (p = 0.047). Early childhood caries (p = 0.023) was also a risk factor for developing undernutrition. Future maternal–child health and nutrition programs should coordinate with oral health interventions to discourage feeding children SSBs in the baby bottle and to advocate for policies limiting SSB marketing to young children and their families.

Download Full-text

Child’s weight as a risk factor for early childhood caries

Stomatologiya ◽

10.17116/stomat202110006170 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 100 (6) ◽

pp. 70

Author(s):

M.V. Korolenkova ◽

A.G. Khachatryan ◽

E.S. Ivanova

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Child’S Weight ◽

Childhood Caries

Download Full-text

Risk Factors for Early Childhood Infection of Human Herpesvirus-8 in Zambian Children: The Role of Early Childhood Feeding Practices

Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention ◽

10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-0730 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 300-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Kay L. Crabtree ◽

Janet M. Wojcicki ◽

Veenu Minhas ◽

David R. Smith ◽

Chipepo Kankasa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Early Childhood ◽

Human Herpesvirus ◽

Feeding Practices ◽

Human Herpesvirus 8 ◽

Herpesvirus 8 ◽

Childhood Infection

Download Full-text

Disparity in Risk Factor Severity for Early Childhood Blood Lead among Predominantly African-American Black Children: The 1999 to 2010 US NHANES

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17051552 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 1552 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Deniz Yeter ◽

Ellen C. Banks ◽

Michael Aschner

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Early Childhood ◽

African American ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Low Income ◽

Racial Disparity ◽

Blood Lead ◽

Black Children ◽

The United States ◽

American Black

There is no safe detectable level of lead (Pb) in the blood of young children. In the United States, predominantly African-American Black children are exposed to more Pb and present with the highest mean blood lead levels (BLLs). However, racial disparity has not been fully examined within risk factors for early childhood Pb exposure. Therefore, we conducted secondary analysis of blood Pb determinations for 2841 US children at ages 1–5 years with citizenship examined by the cross-sectional 1999 to 2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The primary measures were racial disparities for continuous BLLs or an elevated BLL (EBLL) ≥5 µg/dL in selected risk factors between non-Hispanic Black children (n = 608) and both non-Hispanic White (n = 1208) or Hispanic (n = 1025) children. Selected risk factors included indoor household smoking, low income or poverty, older housing built before 1978 or 1950, low primary guardian education <12th grade/general education diploma (GED), or younger age between 1 and 3 years. Data were analyzed using a regression model corrected for risk factors and other confounding variables. Overall, Black children had an adjusted +0.83 µg/dL blood Pb (95% CI 0.65 to 1.00, p < 0.001) and a 2.8 times higher odds of having an EBLL ≥5 µg/dL (95% CI 1.9 to 3.9, p < 0.001). When stratified by risk factor group, Black children had an adjusted 0.73 to 1.41 µg/dL more blood Pb (p < 0.001 respectively) and a 1.8 to 5.6 times higher odds of having an EBLL ≥5 µg/dL (p ≤ 0.05 respectively) for every selected risk factor that was tested. For Black children nationwide, one in four residing in pre-1950 housing and one in six living in poverty presented with an EBLL ≥5 µg/dL. In conclusion, significant nationwide racial disparity in blood Pb outcomes persist for predominantly African-American Black children even after correcting for risk factors and other variables. This racial disparity further persists within housing, socio-economic, and age-related risk factors of blood Pb outcomes that are much more severe for Black children.

Download Full-text