Human IgG Antibody Response to Aedes Nterm-34kDa Salivary Peptide, an Epidemiological Tool to Assess Vector Control in Chikungunya and Dengue Transmission Area

Abstract Background Malaria is transmitted when infected Anopheles mosquitoes take a blood meal. During this process, the mosquitoes inject a cocktail of bioactive proteins that elicit antibody responses in humans and could be used as biomarkers of exposure to mosquito bites. This study evaluated the utility of IgG responses to members of the Anopheles gambiae D7 protein family as serological markers of human–vector contact. Methods The D7L2, D7r1, D7r2, D7r3, D7r4 and SG6 salivary proteins from An. gambiae were expressed as recombinant antigens in Escherichia coli. Antibody responses to the salivary proteins were compared in Europeans with no prior exposure to malaria and lifelong residents of Junju in Kenya and Kitgum in Uganda where the intensity of malaria transmission is moderate and high, respectively. In addition, to evaluate the feasibility of using anti-D7 IgG responses as a tool to evaluate the impact of vector control interventions, we compared responses between individuals using insecticide-treated bednets to those who did not in Junju, Kenya where bednet data were available. Results We show that both the long and short forms of the D7 salivary gland antigens elicit a strong antibody response in humans. IgG responses against the D7 antigens reflected the transmission intensities of the three study areas, with the highest to lowest responses observed in Kitgum (northern Uganda), Junju (Kenya) and malaria-naïve Europeans, respectively. Specifically, the long form D7L2 induced an IgG antibody response that increased with age and that was lower in individuals who slept under a bednet, indicating its potential as a serological tool for estimating human–vector contact and monitoring the effectiveness of vector control interventions. Conclusions This study reveals that D7L2 salivary antigen has great potential as a biomarker of exposure to mosquito bites and as a tool for assessing the efficacy of vector control strategies such as bednet use. Graphical abstract

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Preliminary validation of the use of IgG antibody response to Anopheles gSG6-p1 salivary peptide to assess human exposure to malaria vector bites in two endemic areas of Cameroon in Central Africa

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0242510 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. e0242510

Author(s):

Glwadys Cheteug ◽

Emmanuel Elanga-Ndille ◽

Christiane Donkeu ◽

Wolfgang Ekoko ◽

Martine Oloume ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Antibody Response ◽

Human Exposure ◽

Malaria Vectors ◽

Infection Prevalence ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Salivary Peptide ◽

Female Sex ◽

Specific Igg ◽

Endemic Areas

The specific immune response to the Anopheles salivary peptide could be a pertinent and complementary tool to assess the risk of malaria transmission and the effectiveness of vector control strategies. This study aimed to obtain first reliable data on the current state of the Anopheles gSG6-P1 biomarker for assess the level of exposure to Anopheles bites in high malaria endemic areas in Cameroon. Blood smears were collected from people living in the neighborhoods of Youpwe (suburban area, continental) and Manoka (rural area, Island), both areas in the coastal region of Cameroon. Malaria infection was determined using thick blood smear microscopy, whereas the level of specific IgG response to gSG-P1 peptide was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay from the dried blood spots. Of 266 (153 from Youpwe, 113 from Manoka) malaria endemic residents (mean age: 22.8±19.8 years, age range: 6 months–94 years, male/female sex ratio: 1/1.2, with Manoka mean age: 23.71±20.53, male/female sex ratio:1/1.13 and Youpwe mean age: 22.12±19.22, male/female sex ratio 1/0.67) randomly included in the study, Plasmodium infection prevalence was significantly higher in Manoka than in Youpwe (64.6% vs 12,4%, p = 0.0001). The anti-gSG6-P1 IgG response showed a high inter-individual heterogeneity and was significantly higher among individuals from Manoka than those from Youpwe (p = 0.023). Malaria infected individuals presented a higher anti-gSG6-P1 IgG antibody response than non-infected (p = 0.0004). No significant difference in the level of specific IgG response to gSG-P1 was observed according to long lasting insecticidal nets use. Taken together, the data revealed that human IgG antibody response to Anopheles gSG-P1 salivary peptide could be also used to assess human exposure to malaria vectors in Central African region. This finding strengthens the relevance of this candidate biomarker to be used for measuring human exposure to malaria vectors worldwide.

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Human IgG Antibody Response to Glossina Saliva: An Epidemiologic Marker of Exposure to Glossina Bites

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.4269/ajtmh.2008.78.750 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 78 (5) ◽

pp. 750-753 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Anne Poinsignon ◽

Marie Rossignol ◽

Sylvie Cornelie ◽

Pascal Grébaut ◽

David Courtin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibody Response ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Human Igg

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IgG Antibody response to the Sputnik V vaccine: previous SARS-CoV-2 seropositive individuals might need just one vaccine dose.

International Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1016/j.ijid.2021.07.070 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Franklin Claro ◽

Douglas Silva ◽

Melissa Rodriguez ◽

Rafael Rangel ◽

Jacobus H. de Waard

Keyword(s):

Antibody Response ◽

Vaccine Dose ◽

Igg Antibody

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IgG Antibody Response of Localized Juvenile Periodontitis Patients to the 29 Kilodalton Outer Membrane Protein ofActinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

Journal of Periodontology ◽

10.1902/jop.1991.62.3.211 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 211-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Mark E. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Membrane Protein ◽

Antibody Response ◽

Outer Membrane ◽

Outer Membrane Protein ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Localized Juvenile Periodontitis

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Prior COVID-19 Infection and Antibody Response to Single Versus Double Dose mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination

10.1101/2021.02.23.21252230 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Joseph E. Ebinger ◽

Justyna Fert-Bober ◽

Ignat Printsev ◽

Min Wu ◽

Nancy Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibody Response ◽

Dose Regimen ◽

Vaccine Dose ◽

Double Dose ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Vaccination Programs ◽

Public Health Programs ◽

Supply Chain Logistics ◽

Potential Efficacy ◽

Single Versus

The double dose regimen for mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 presents both a hope and a challenge for global efforts to curb the COVID-19 pandemic. With supply chain logistics impacting the rollout of population-scale vaccination programs, increasing attention has turned to the potential efficacy of single versus double dose vaccine administration for select individuals. To this end, we examined response to Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine in a large cohort of healthcare workers including those with versus without prior COVID-19 infection. For all participants, we quantified circulating levels of SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike (S) protein IgG at baseline prior to vaccine, after vaccine dose 1, and after vaccine dose 2. We observed that the anti-S IgG antibody response following a single vaccine dose in persons who had recovered from confirmed prior COVID-19 infection was similar to the antibody response following two doses of vaccine in persons without prior infection (P>0.57). Patterns were similar for the post-vaccine symptoms experienced by infection recovered persons following their first dose compared to the symptoms experienced by infection naive persons following their second dose (P=0.66). These results support the premise that a single dose of mRNA vaccine could provoke in COVID-19 recovered individuals a level of immunity that is comparable to that seen in infection naive persons following a double dose regimen. Additional studies are needed to validate our findings, which could allow for public health programs to expand the reach of population wide vaccination efforts.

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