scholarly journals Trypanosoma cruzi infection follow-up in a sylvatic vector of Chagas disease: Comparing early and late stage nymphs

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. e0009729
Author(s):  
Valeria Cortés ◽  
Amalia Cruz ◽  
Sofia Onetti ◽  
Daniela Kinzel ◽  
Javiera Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Rectal Wall ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Cruzi Infection

Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by the triatomine Mepraia spinolai in the southwest of South America. Here, we examined the T. cruzi-infection dynamics of field-caught M. spinolai after laboratory feeding, with a follow-up procedure on bug populations collected in winter and spring of 2017 and 2018. Bugs were analyzed twice to evaluate T. cruzi-infection by PCR assays of urine/fecal samples, the first evaluation right after collection and the second 40 days after the first feeding. We detected bugs with: the first sample positive and second negative (+/-), the first sample negative and second positive (-/+), and with both samples positive or negative (+/+; -/-). Bugs that resulted positive on both occasions were the most frequent, with the exception of those collected in winter 2018. Infection rate in spring was higher than winter only in 2018. Early and late stage nymphs presented similar T. cruzi-infection rates except for winter 2017; therefore, all nymphs may contribute to T. cruzi-transmission to humans. Assessment of infection using two samples represents a realistic way to determine the infection a triatomine can harbor. The underlying mechanism may be that some bugs do not excrete parasites unless they are fed and maintained for some time under environmentally controlled conditions before releasing T. cruzi, which persists in the vector hindgut. We suggest that T. cruzi-infection dynamics regarding the three types of positive-PCR results detected by follow-up represent: residual T. cruzi in the rectal lumen (+/-), colonization of parasites attached to the rectal wall (-/+), and presence of both kinds of flagellates in the hindgut of triatomines (+/+). We suggest residual T. cruzi-infections are released after feeding, and result 60–90 days after infection persisting in the rectal lumen after a fasting event, a phenomenon that might vary between contrasting seasons and years.

scholarly journals Long term follow-up of Trypanosoma cruzi infection and Chagas disease manifestations in mice treated with benznidazole or posaconazole

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. e0008726
Author(s):  
Claudia Magalhães Calvet ◽  
Tatiana Araújo Silva ◽  
Diane Thomas ◽  
Brian Suzuki ◽  
Ken Hirata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Cruzi Infection

Dynamics of T Cells Repertoire During Trypanosoma cruzi Infection and its Post-Treatment Modulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (36) ◽  
pp. 6519-6543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Egui ◽  
Paola Lasso ◽  
Elena Pérez-Antón ◽  
M. Carmen Thomas ◽  
Manuel Carlos López
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Cruzi Infection

Chagas disease courses with different clinical phases and has a variable clinical presentation and progression. The acute infection phase mostly exhibits a non-specific symptomatology. In the absence of treatment, the acute phase is followed by a chronic phase, which is initially asymptomatic. This chronic asymptomatic phase of the disease is characterized by a fragile balance between the host’s immune response and the parasite replication. The loss of this balance is crucial for the progression of the sickness. The virulence and tropism of the T. cruzi infecting strain together to the inflammation processes in the cardiac tissue are the main factors for the establishment and severity of the cardiomyopathy. The efficacy of treatment in chronic Chagas disease patients is controversial. However, several studies carried out in chronic patients demonstrated that antiparasitic treatment reduces parasite load in the bloodstream and leads to an improvement in the immune response against the Trypanosoma cruzi parasite. The present review is mainly focused on the cellular patterns associated to the clinical status and the evolution of the disease in chronic patients, as well as the effectiveness of the treatment related to T. cruzi infection control. Therefore, an emphasis is placed on the dynamics of specific-antigens T cell subpopulations, their memory and activation phenotypes, their functionality and their contribution to pathogenesis or disease control, as well as their association with risk of congenital transmission of the parasite.

scholarly journals Etiological treatment of young women infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, and prevention of congenital transmission

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 484-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Sosa-Estani ◽  
Estela Cura ◽  
Elsa Velazquez ◽  
Cristina Yampotis ◽  
Elsa Leonor Segura
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Congenital Transmission ◽  
Cruzi Infection ◽  
Efficacy Of Treatment

The objective was to detect Trypanosoma cruzi infection in 32 children in Salta, Argentina, born to 16 chronically infected young women who were treated with benznidazole. Tests were performed to assess the efficacy of treatment after 14 years. At the end of the follow up, 87.5% of the women were non-reactive to EIA tests, 62.5% to IHA and 43.8% to IFA. 62.5% of the women were non-reactive according to two or three serological tests. No infected children were detected among the newborns of mothers treated before their pregnancy.

Clinical profile of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in a non-endemic setting: Immigration and Chagas disease in Barcelona (Spain)

Acta Tropica ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Muñoz ◽  
Jordi Gómez i Prat ◽  
Montserrat Gállego ◽  
Fausto Gimeno ◽  
Begoña Treviño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Endemic Setting ◽  
Cruzi Infection
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