What Happens during the Stimulus Onset Asynchrony in the Dot-Probe Task? Exploring the Role of Eye Movements in the Assessment of Attentional Biases

In the Eriksen flanker task, irrelevant information influences reaction time based on three types of relationships between target and flanker, Stimulus Repetition, Category Relation, and Response Compatibility. The effects of Stimulus Repetition and Category Relation refer to the finding that reaction time is faster when the target and flankers are the same or belong to the same category, respectively. The effect of Response Compatibility refers to the finding that reaction time is faster when the target and flankers are assigned to the same response than to different responses. Two experiments were designed to examine whether these effects vary with practice and stimulus-onset-asynchrony. It was shown that the effects of Stimulus Repetition and Category Relation occurred only when the flankers preceded the target by 200 msec. The effect of Response Compatibility, however, occurred regardless of stimulus-onset-asynchrony. Furthermore, limited practice seems necessary for the occurrence of response facilitation.

Download Full-text

Priming Effect in a Color Discrimination Task

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1993.77.1.259 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 259-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Paola Marangolo ◽

Enrico Di Pace ◽

Luigi Pizzamiglio

Keyword(s):

Stimulus Onset Asynchrony ◽

Color Discrimination ◽

Stimulus Onset ◽

Priming Effects ◽

Prime Stimulus ◽

Stimulus Onset Asynchrony Condition ◽

Automatic Coding ◽

Onset Asynchrony ◽

Prime Target

Two experiments were run to test whether the automatic coding of colors generates priming effects. Subjects were tachistoscopically presented a series of prime-target sequences. The prime stimulus could be either a red, green, or black circular dot, followed by a red or green annular ring (target). The role of automatic and conscious mechanisms was investigated in Exp. 1 by manipulating the predictive validity of the prime stimuli (80%, 50%, 20%), keeping constant the value of stimulus-onset asynchrony (350 msec.). Analysis showed priming effects even in the low predictive condition, where no conscious expectations could be activated. In Exp. 2, three different values of stimulus-onset asynchrony were used, 150, 350, and 2100 msec. Priming effects were obtained in the short and medium stimulus-onset asynchrony condition but not in the long one. Over-all, the data of both experiments produce converging evidence which indicates that the automatic elaboration of colored stimuli may produce priming effects.

Download Full-text

Visual Integration during Saccadic and Pursuit Eye Movements: The Importance of Spatial Framework

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1993.77.3f.1219 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 77 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 1219-1234

Author(s):

Hiroshi Watanabe ◽

Naoto Suzuki

Keyword(s):

Eye Movements ◽

Visual Field ◽

Stimulus Onset Asynchrony ◽

Saccadic Eye Movements ◽

Stimulus Onset ◽

Visual Persistence ◽

Visual Integration ◽

Pursuit Eye Movements ◽

Onset Asynchrony ◽

Accuracy Rates

Three experiments were conducted to clarify the function of spatiotopic and retinotopic visual persistence during pursuit and saccadic eye movements. Exps. 1 and 2 both showed spatiotopic visual integration for both types of eye movements, although shorter stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) was set in Exp. 2. Exp. 3 was conducted with special attention to the absence of target stimuli when masking stimuli were presented. Although duration of target stimuli and stimulus onset asynchrony in Exp. 3 were longer than those in the first two experiments, analysis contrastively showed retinotopic visual integration during saccades and very low accuracy rates under all conditions during pursuit eye movements. The above indicates that the basis for the functional switching between spatiotopic and retinotopic visual integration may have been the existence of a visual framework for visual integration or the synchronous existence of target and masking stimuli in the visual field, not the duration of target stimuli and stimulus onset asynchrony. Such integration of the reference point may possibly be processed through a higher mechanism and not at the retinal level.

Download Full-text

Does Self-Associating a Geometric Shape Immediately Cause Attentional Prioritization?

Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) ◽

10.1027/1618-3169/a000502 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 67 (6) ◽

pp. 335-348

Author(s):

Gabriela Orellana-Corrales ◽

Christina Matschke ◽

Ann-Katrin Wesslein

Keyword(s):

Stimulus Onset Asynchrony ◽

Inhibition Of Return ◽

Stimulus Onset ◽

Cognitive Tasks ◽

Short Stimulus Onset Asynchrony ◽

Probe Task ◽

Significant Performance ◽

Short Stimulus ◽

Own Name ◽

Onset Asynchrony

Abstract. In many cognitive tasks, stimuli associated with one’s self elicit faster responses than stimuli associated with others. This is true for familiar self-representations (e.g., one’s own name), for new self-associated stimuli, and for combinations of both. The current research disentangles the potential of self- versus stranger-representations for familiar, new, and paired (familiar + new) stimuli to guide attention. In Study 1 ( N = 34), responses to familiar and new self- versus other representations were tested in a dot-probe task with a short stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA; 100 ms). Study 2 ( N = 31) and Study 3 ( N = 35) use a long SOA (1,000 ms) to test whether the findings are mirrored in inhibition of return (IOR). We observe significant performance differences for targets following self- versus stranger-associated stimuli (i.e., a cuing effect or IOR depending on the SOA length), yet only when familiar representations are present. This indicates that, under conditions of attentional competition between self- and stranger-representations, familiar self-representations impact the distribution of attention while new self-representations alone do not.

Download Full-text

Congruency Effects in the Attention Network Task: The Influence of Stimulus Onset Asynchrony and Eye Movements

Journal of Vision ◽

10.1167/19.10.127 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (10) ◽

pp. 127

Author(s):

Anthony J Ries ◽

David Slayback ◽

Erika Fulbright ◽

Marisa Sligh ◽

Kaliyah Gorman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eye Movements ◽

Stimulus Onset Asynchrony ◽

Stimulus Onset ◽

Attention Network ◽

Onset Asynchrony

Download Full-text

Money talks in attention bias modification: Reward in a dot-probe task affects attentional biases

Visual Cognition ◽

10.1080/13506285.2014.984797 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 23 (1-2) ◽

pp. 118-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Ólafía Sigurjónsdóttir ◽

Andri S. Björnsson ◽

Sigurbjörg J. Ludvigsdóttir ◽

Árni Kristjánsson

Keyword(s):

Attention Bias ◽

Attentional Biases ◽

Dot Probe ◽

Attention Bias Modification ◽

Probe Task ◽

Bias Modification

Download Full-text

Anchor Effects and Figural Aftereffects: A Comparative Psychophysical Investigation

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1975.41.3.791 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 791-796 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Johannes Abresch ◽

Viktor Sarris

Keyword(s):

Stimulus Onset Asynchrony ◽

Contrast Effect ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Stimulus Onset ◽

Figural Aftereffect ◽

Anchor Effect ◽

Substantial Influence ◽

Perceptual Contrast ◽

Points Of View ◽

Onset Asynchrony

Perceptual contrast effect was studied from two points of view, as a special anchor effect and as a special figural aftereffect. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of stimulus onset asynchrony on contrast and assimilation effects, induced and measured by different psychophysical methods. Stimuli were circular beams of light projected on screens (Delboef type of illusion). When anchor and series stimuli were shown and the latter were judged by means of a rating scale, stimulus onset asychrony had no substantial influence on the contrast effect (Exp. I). When the constant method was applied, however, the asynchrony altered the shape of the contrast effect considerably (Exp. II).

Download Full-text

Primed-lexical decision: The effect of varying the stimulus-onset asynchrony of prime and target

Acta Psychologica ◽

10.1016/0001-6918(86)90019-3 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 17-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Annette M.B. de Groot ◽

Arnold J.W.M. Thomassen ◽

Patrick T.W. Hudson

Keyword(s):

Lexical Decision ◽

Stimulus Onset Asynchrony ◽

Stimulus Onset ◽

Onset Asynchrony

Download Full-text

Effects of Prolonged Exposure to Audiovisual Stimuli with Fixed Stimulus Onset Asynchrony on Interaction Dynamics between Primary Auditory and Primary Visual Cortex

Frontiers in Neuroscience - The Neural Bases of Multisensory Processes ◽

10.1201/9781439812174-21 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 301-324

Author(s):

Antje Fillbrandt ◽

Frank Ohl

Keyword(s):

Visual Cortex ◽

Stimulus Onset Asynchrony ◽

Primary Visual Cortex ◽

Prolonged Exposure ◽

Stimulus Onset ◽

Interaction Dynamics ◽

Fixed Stimulus ◽

Audiovisual Stimuli ◽

Onset Asynchrony

Download Full-text

A question of (perfect) timing: A preceding head turn increases the head-fake effect in basketball

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0251117 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. e0251117

Author(s):

Andrea Polzien ◽

Iris Güldenpenning ◽

Matthias Weigelt

Keyword(s):

Stimulus Onset Asynchrony ◽

Opposite Direction ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Stimulus Onset ◽

Basketball Player ◽

Head Turn ◽

Onset Asynchrony ◽

Practical Implications ◽

Head Fake

In many kinds of sports, deceptive actions are frequently used to hamper the anticipation of an opponent. The head fake in basketball is often applied to deceive an observer regarding the direction of a pass. To perform a head fake, a basketball player turns the head in one direction, but passes the ball to the opposite direction. Several studies showed that reactions to passes with head fakes are slower and more error-prone than to passes without head fakes (head-fake effect). The aim of a basketball player is to produce a head-fake effect for as large as possible in the opponent. The question if the timing of the deceptive action influences the size of the head-fake effect has not yet been examined systematically. The present study investigated if the head-fake effect depends on the temporal lag between the head turn and the passing movement. To this end, the stimulus onset asynchrony between head turn, and pass was varied between 0 and 800 ms. The results showed the largest effect when the head turn precedes the pass by 300 ms. This result can be explained better by facilitating the processing of passes without head fake than by making it more difficult to process passes with a head fake. This result is discussed regarding practical implications and conclusions about the underlying mechanism of the head–fake effect in basketball are drawn.

Download Full-text