Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Spirochetes in Wild Birds in Northwestern California: Associations with Ecological Factors, Bird Behavior and Tick Infestation

AbstractSand lizards (Lacerta agilis) were trapped and examined for ticks from May to September in 2002 and 2003 in Northeastern Poland. A total of 233 Ixodes ricinus (L.) ticks (76 larvae and 157 nymphs) was found on 31 of 235 captured lizards (13.2%). The tick infestation is relatively low compared to that of mammals and passerine birds from the same area (Siński et al. 2006, Gryczyńska et al. 2002). Tick infestation depended on the month of capture, being the highest in spring. In autumn no ticks were recorded on any of the captured lizards. The oldest lizards carried the highest number of ticks but no differences related to sex of the host were found. All the collected ticks were analysed by PCR for the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the etiological agents of Lyme disease. Spirochetes were detected in 11 out of 233 (4.7%) ticks tested. Genetic analysis confirmed that the spirochetes are members of the Borrelia afzelii, B. garinii and B. burgdorferi sensu stricto genospecies. Mixed infection were not detected. The prevalence of infection was analysed in relation to months of the capture, age and sex of the lizards, but differences were not statistically significant. The obtained results suggest that lizards are probably not B. burgdorferi reservoirs, but further studies are required to confirm this.

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Patterns of tick infestation and their Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. infection in wild birds in Portugal

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases ◽

10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.06.010 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 743-750 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

A.C. Norte ◽

L.P. da Silva ◽

P.J.Q. Tenreiro ◽

M.S. Felgueiras ◽

P.M. Araújo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽

Tick Infestation ◽

Wild Birds ◽

Borrelia Burgdorferi S.L

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Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato in Ticks Collected from Migratory Birds in Switzerland

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.72.1.976-979.2006 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 976-979 ◽

Cited By ~ 113

Author(s):

Marie-Angèle Poupon ◽

Elena Lommano ◽

Pierre-François Humair ◽

Véronique Douet ◽

Olivier Rais ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽

Ixodes Ricinus ◽

Tick Species ◽

Tick Infestation ◽

Migratory Birds ◽

Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽

Borrelia Garinii ◽

Borrelia Lusitaniae ◽

Reservoir Hosts

ABSTRACT The prevalence of ticks infected by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato on birds during their migrations was studied in Switzerland. A total of 1,270 birds captured at two sites were examined for tick infestation. Ixodes ricinus was the dominant tick species. Prevalences of tick infestation were 6% and 18.2% for birds migrating northward and southward, respectively. Borrelia valaisiana was the species detected most frequently in ticks, followed by Borrelia garinii and Borrelia lusitaniae. Among birds infested by infected ticks, 23% (6/26) were infested by B. lusitaniae-infected larvae. Migratory birds appear to be reservoir hosts for B. lusitaniae.

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Prevention of transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum by Ixodes spp. ticks to dogs treated with the Seresto® collar (imidacloprid 10% + flumethrin 4.5%)

Parasitology Research ◽

10.1007/s00436-019-06394-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 119 (1) ◽

pp. 299-315 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Friederike Krämer ◽

Ricarda Hüsken ◽

Eva Maria Krüdewagen ◽

Katrin Deuster ◽

Byron Blagburn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽

Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽

Tick Infestation ◽

Ixodes Scapularis ◽

Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽

Time Points ◽

Acaricidal Efficacy ◽

Skin Biopsies ◽

Tick Counts

AbstractThe capability of imidacloprid 10% + flumethrin 4.5% (Seresto®) collars to prevent transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl) and Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Ap) by naturally infected ticks was evaluated in two studies with 44 dogs. In each study, one group served as non-treated control, whereas the other groups were treated with the Seresto® collar. All dogs were exposed to naturally Bbsl- and Ap-infected hard ticks (Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes scapularis). In study 1, tick infestation was performed on study day (SD) 63 (2 months post-treatment [p.t.]); in study 2, it was performed on SD 32 (one month p.t.) respectively SD 219 (seven months p.t.). In situ tick counts were performed 2 days after infestation. Tick counts and removals followed 6 (study 1) or 5 days (study 2) later. Blood sampling was performed for the detection of specific Bbsl and Ap antibodies and, in study 1, for the documentation of Ap DNA by PCR. Skin biopsies were examined for Bbsl by PCR and culture (only study 1). The efficacy against Ixodes spp. was 100% at all time points. In study 1, two of six non-treated dogs became infected with Bbsl, and four of six tested positive for Ap; none of the treated dogs tested positive for Bbsl or Ap. In study 2, ten of ten non-treated dogs became infected with Bbsl and Ap; none of the treated dogs tested positive for Bbsl or Ap; 100% acaricidal efficacy was shown in both studies. Transmission of Bbsl and Ap was successfully blocked for up to 7 months.

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Modern condition of the problem of Lime Burreliosis of animals (systematic review)

Naukovij vìsnik veterinarnoï medicini ◽

10.33245/2310-4902-2021-165-1-64-78 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 64-78

Author(s):

O. Panteleenko ◽

B. Yarchuk ◽

T. Tsarenko

Keyword(s):

Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽

Lyme Borreliosis ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Ecological Factors ◽

Scientific Data ◽

Temperate Climate ◽

Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽

Considerable Uncertainty ◽

Reservoir Hosts

Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most common tick-borne disease in the temperate climate of the Northern Hemisphere. LB is caused by spirochetes, which are grouped in the complex Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, vectors – Ixodidae mites, dozens of species of small mammals and birds actas reservoir hosts, and the role of reservoirs of domestic animals, such as dogs and cats, is not excluded. Although the ecology and epidemiology of the disease have been extensively studied in Europe and North America, there is considerable uncertainty regarding the study of Lyme borreliosis in veterinary medicine. Search, selection andanalysis of scientific data on the research topic were carried out according to acceptable rules for systematic reviews of the literature. The scientometric database Web of Science Core Collection, the database of scientific articles Pub Med and the database Scientific Periodicals of Ukraine were used. Seventy-four scientific articles were used for the article, which contained the necessary set of data and met the set goal. The article highlights the main issues of the etiology of the disease, which describes the characteristics of the pathogen, its properties, genotypic composition of Borrelia, which cause Lyme disease, the spread of pathogenic genotypes of Borrelia in Europe and Ukraine. The connection of Lyme borreliosis spread with ecological factors, climatic changes and anthropogenic impact on biocenoses and biotopes, the role of vectors and reservoir hosts in the spread of LB is described. Data on the prevalence and degree of infection of Ixodes mites with Borrelia, as well as the spread of LB among the population of Europe and Ukraine are presented. The seroprevalence of each of the animal species (dogs, cats, horses, ruminants), clinical manifestations of LB, if documented and indicators of LB prevalence among animals in Europe and Ukraine, as well as currently known treatments, prevention and diagnosis of LB animals are considered. Key words: Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato, Lyme Diseases Etiology, Ixodidae.

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Wild birds as host of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in northwestern Argentina

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases ◽

10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.08.005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 1586-1589 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fernando S. Flores ◽

Sebastián Muñoz-Leal ◽

Adrián Diaz ◽

Marcelo B. Labruna

Keyword(s):

Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽

Wild Birds ◽

Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽

Northwestern Argentina

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Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes ricinus and I. lividus ticks collected from wild birds in the Republic of Moldova

International Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1016/j.ijmm.2007.12.009 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 298 ◽

pp. 149-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Alexandru Movila ◽

Anne Gatewood ◽

Ion Toderas ◽

Maria Duca ◽

Michele Papero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽

Ixodes Ricinus ◽

Wild Birds ◽

Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽

Republic Of Moldova ◽

The Republic

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Structural Modeling of t6A Biosynthesis System and Flexibility Analysis of TsaC2 in Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex

10.26226/morressier.5ebd45acffea6f735881b171 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Amit Luthra

Keyword(s):

Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽

Structural Modeling ◽

Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽

Flexibility Analysis

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Serological Evidence of Natural Exposure to Tick-Borne Pathogens in Horses, Romania

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9020373 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 373

Author(s):

Andreea Monica Bogdan ◽

Mariana Ionita ◽

Ioan Liviu Mitrea

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽

Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽

Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽

Serological Evidence ◽

North Central ◽

Natural Exposure

The purpose of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of selected tick-borne-pathogens (TBPs) among Romanian horses. For this, a total of 223 animals originating from north, central, and southeast Romania, including horses from stud farms (n = 118) and working horses (n = 105), were tested using a commercial rapid ELISA-based test. Overall, 10.3% (95% confidence interval (CI): 6.7–15.1%) of the tested horses were seropositive for antibodies (Ab) against Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Additionally, 18.8% (95% CI: 13.9–24.6%) and 0.5% (95% CI: 0.01–2.5%) of horses were seropositive for Ab against Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Ehrlichia spp., respectively. Among the tested horses, 3.1% were seroreactive to two or three pathogens. These findings show the natural exposure of Romanian horses to zoonotic tick-borne pathogens and emphasize the need for further studies to better understand the epidemiology of equine tick-borne diseases in Romania.

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Surveillance of Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens in Suburban Natural Habitats of Central Maryland

Journal of Medical Entomology ◽

10.1093/jme/tjaa291 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Matthew T Milholland ◽

Lars Eisen ◽

Robyn M Nadolny ◽

Andrias Hojgaard ◽

Erika T Machtinger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lyme Disease ◽

Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽

Spotted Fever ◽

Babesia Microti ◽

Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽

Spotted Fever Group ◽

Borrelia Miyamotoi ◽

Natural Habitats ◽

Questing Ticks ◽

Tick Vectors

Abstract Lyme and other tick-borne diseases are increasing in the eastern United States and there is a lack of research on integrated strategies to control tick vectors. Here we present results of a study on tick-borne pathogens detected from tick vectors and rodent reservoirs from an ongoing 5-yr tick suppression study in the Lyme disease-endemic state of Maryland, where human-biting tick species, including Ixodes scapularis Say (Acari: Ixodidae) (the primary vector of Lyme disease spirochetes), are abundant. During the 2017 tick season, we collected 207 questing ticks and 602 ticks recovered from 327 mice (Peromyscus spp. (Rodentia: Cricetidae)), together with blood and ear tissue from the mice, at seven suburban parks in Howard County. Ticks were selectively tested for the presence of the causative agents of Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato [s.l.]), anaplasmosis (Anaplasma phagocytophilum), babesiosis (Babesia microti), ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia ewingii, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, and ‘Panola Mountain’ Ehrlichia) and spotted fever group rickettsiosis (Rickettsia spp.). Peromyscus ear tissue and blood samples were tested for Bo. burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s), A. phagocytophilum, Ba. microti, and Borrelia miyamotoi. We found 13.6% (15/110) of questing I. scapularis nymphs to be Bo. burgdorferi s.l. positive and 1.8% (2/110) were A. phagocytophilum positive among all sites. Borrelia burgdorferi s.s. was found in 71.1% (54/76) of I. scapularis nymphs removed from mice and 58.8% (194/330) of captured mice. Results from study on tick abundance and pathogen infection status in questing ticks, rodent reservoirs, and ticks feeding on Peromyscus spp. will aid efficacy evaluation of the integrated tick management measures being implemented.

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