scholarly journals Multimodal neuroimaging markers of variation in cognitive ability in older HIV+ men

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0243670
Author(s):  
Ana Lucia Fernandez Cruz ◽  
Chien-Ming Chen ◽  
Ryan Sanford ◽  
D. Louis Collins ◽  
Marie-Josée Brouillette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Simon Task ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Oddball Task

Objective This study used converging methods to examine the neural substrates of cognitive ability in middle-aged and older men with well-controlled HIV infection. Methods Seventy-six HIV+ men on antiretroviral treatment completed an auditory oddball task and an inhibitory control (Simon) task while time-locked high-density EEG was acquired; 66 had usable EEG data from one or both tasks; structural MRI was available for 43. We investigated relationships between task-evoked EEG responses, cognitive ability and immunocompromise. We also explored the structural correlates of these EEG markers in the sub-sample with complete EEG and MRI data (N = 27). Results EEG activity was associated with cognitive ability at later (P300) but not earlier stages of both tasks. Only the oddball task P300 was reliably associated with HIV severity (nadir CD4). Source localization confirmed that the tasks engaged partially distinct circuits. Thalamus volume correlated with oddball task P300 amplitude, while globus pallidus volume was related to the P300 in both tasks. Interpretation This is the first study to use task-evoked EEG to identify neural correlates of individual differences in cognition in men living with well-controlled HIV infection, and to explore the structural basis of the EEG markers. We found that EEG responses evoked by the oddball task are more reliably related to cognitive performance than those evoked by the Simon task. We also provide preliminary evidence for a subcortical contribution to the effects of HIV infection severity on P300 amplitudes. These results suggest brain mechanisms and candidate biomarkers for individual differences in cognition in HIV.

scholarly journals Multimodal neuroimaging markers of variation in cognitive ability in older HIV+ men

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lucia Fernandez Cruz ◽  
Chien-Ming Chen ◽  
Ryan Sanford ◽  
D. Louis Collins ◽  
Marie-Josée Brouillette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Brain Circuits ◽  
Future Work

AbstractObjectiveThis study used converging methods to define the structural and functional characteristics of the neural substrates underlying variation in cognitive ability in older men with well-controlled HIV infection.MethodsSeventy-six HIV+ men treated with combination antiretrovirals completed attention and inhibitory control tasks tapping different cortico-subcortical circuits while time-locked high-density EEG was acquired. Fifty-four also underwent structural MRI. We investigated relationships between task-evoked EEG responses, cognitive ability and immunocompromise. MRI suggested a subcortical basis for the observed EEG effects.ResultsEEG activity was associated with cognitive ability at later (P300) but not earlier processing stages of both tasks. However, only the P300 evoked by the attention task was associated with past HIV infection severity. Source localization confirmed that the tasks engaged different brain circuits. Thalamus volumes correlated with P300 amplitudes evoked by the attention task, while globus pallidus volumes were related to the P300 in both tasks.InterpretationThis is the first study to combine structural and functional imaging in an overlapping sample to address the neural circuits related to cognitive dysfunction in HIV. Neural substrates of attention were more affected than those supporting inhibitory control. Preliminary evidence suggests these differences may relate to vulnerability of the thalamus to the effects of HIV. Our results suggest high-yield tasks and circuit targets for future work.

Hemispheric differences for P300 amplitude from an auditory oddball task

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel E. Alexander ◽  
Lance O. Bauer ◽  
Samuel Kuperman ◽  
Sandra Morzorati ◽  
Sean J. O'Connor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Hemispheric Differences ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Oddball Task ◽  
Auditory Oddball Task

Effects of Self-Evaluation on the P300 Event-Related Potential

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-420
Author(s):  
Joel E. Alexander ◽  
Ben Crowson ◽  
Kelly Machan ◽  
Denesa Lockwood ◽  
Ronald G. Alexander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Sensory Discrimination ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Cognitive Readiness ◽  
Oddball Task ◽  
Secondary Stimulus ◽  
P300 Event Related Potential

The effects of self evaluation on the P300 event-related potential (ERP) were explored with 56 participants (16 men, 40 women; M age = 23.4 yr., SD = 1.2) across three conditions. The conditions included (1) a standard ERP auditory oddball discrimination between a random target (15% occurrence) and standard stimuli (85% occurrence), (2) the oddball task followed by the additional cognitive task of maintaining a mental count of the target tones, and (3) the oddball task followed by the additional cognitive task of self-evaluating whether they felt surprised by the current occurrence of the target tone. The added cognitive requirements for Conditions 2 and 3 required the subjects to maintain a cognitive readiness for the secondary stimulus-related task during their sensory discrimination response for the standard oddball task. During the self-evaluation condition, the P300 amplitude was significantly larger across all recording locations than the regular oddball condition and the cognitive count condition.

Effects of chronic antipsychotic treatment on neurophysiological correlates of the auditory oddball task in schizophrenia: A preliminary report from a multicentre study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S192-S192
Author(s):  
G. Di Lorenzo ◽  
A. Mucci ◽  
A. Vignapiano ◽  
G. Giordano ◽  
F. Ferrentino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
P300 Latency ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Oddball Task ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Auditory Oddball Task

IntroductionThe effects of chronic antipsychotic administration on the human brain are debated. In particular, first-generation (FGAs) and second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) seem to have different impacts on brain function and structure in subjects with schizophrenia. Few studies have investigated the effect of chronic administration of FGAs and SGAs on indices of brain function, such as event-related potentials (ERP) or neuropsychological performance.ObjectivesWithin the Italian Network for Research on Psychoses study, subjects stabilized on FGAs or SGAs were compared on P300, an ERP component, thought to reflect attention, working memory and context integration and on neurocognitive indices.MethodsERPs were recorded in 110 chronic, stabilized patients with Schizophrenia (28 used FGAs) during a standard auditory oddball task. P300 latency and amplitude were assessed at Pz channel. MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was used for cognitive assessment.ResultsCompared with the SGAs group, patients on FGAs showed significant increased P300 latency (P = 0.003; Cohen's d = 0.67) and significant decreased P300 amplitudes (P = 0.023; Cohen's d = 0.38). The two groups did not differ on psychopathology and MCCB scores. Multiple linear regressions revealed that “FGAs vs. SGAs” (β = 0.298, P = 0.002) and MCCB neurocognitive composite T-score (β = –0.273, P = 0.004) were independent predictors of P300 latency, whereas only age (β = –0.220, P = 0.027) was an independent predictor of P300 amplitude.ConclusionsFGAs seem to affect the functional brain activity more than SGAs, particularly slowing cortical processing. Our results suggest that discrepant findings concerning P300 latency in schizophrenia might be related to the type of antipsychotic treatment used. Longitudinal studies are needed to further address this issue.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Changes in P300 amplitude during an active standard auditory oddball task

2004 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Lindı́n ◽  
Montserrat Zurrón ◽  
Fernando Dı́az
Keyword(s):  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Oddball Task ◽  
Auditory Oddball Task

The Theta/Beta Ratio as an Index of Cognitive Processing in Adults With the Combined Type of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
Christie Picken ◽  
Adam R. Clarke ◽  
Robert J. Barry ◽  
Rory McCarthy ◽  
Mark Selikowitz
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
P300 Latency ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Oddball Task ◽  
Auditory Oddball Task

An elevated theta/beta ratio in the EEG has long been observed among individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The theta/beta ratio was previously hypothesised to be an index of arousal, but a number of studies failed to find any association between the ratio and indices of arousal, instead proposing that the theta/beta ratio may actually be indicative of cognitive processing. This hypothesis was tested by Clarke et al using a sample of healthy adults, with results indicating that the theta/beta ratio correlated with a marker of cognitive processing (P300 latency in an auditory oddball task), while P300 amplitude correlated with an arousal marker (alpha power). The aim of this study was to test whether similar results could be found in a sample of 41 adults with the combined type of ADHD. EEGs were recorded during an eyes-closed resting condition and an auditory oddball task. Results demonstrated that the theta/beta ratio correlated significantly with P300 latency. Absolute alpha power did not correlate significantly with P300 amplitude or P300 latency. These results support the hypotheses that the theta/beta ratio is a marker of cognitive processing capacity in both the general population and in participants with ADHD, and that the alpha/arousal linkage is anomalous in ADHD.

P300 Amplitude and Topography in an Autobiographical Oddball Paradigm Involving Simulated Amnesia

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoinette R. Miller ◽  
J. Peter Rosenfeld ◽  
Matthew Soskins ◽  
Marianne Jhee
Keyword(s):  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Amplitude Difference ◽  
P300 Component ◽  
Oddball Task

Abstract The P300 component of the event-related potential was recorded during two blocks of an autobiographical oddball task. All participants performed honestly during the first block (Phone), i.e., the oddball stimuli were phone numbers. During the second block (Birthday), in which the oddball stimuli were participants' birthdays, a Truth group (N = 13) performed honestly and a Malinger group (N = 14) simulated amnesia. Amnesia simulation significantly reduced P300 amplitudes, both between groups and within the Malinger group (Phone vs. Birthday), possibly because of an increase in task difficulty in the Malinger condition. Analysis of scaled amplitudes also indicated a trend for a feigning-related alteration in P300 topography. Bootstrapping of peak-to-peak amplitudes detected significantly more (93%) Malinger individuals than bootstrapping of baseline-to-peak amplitudes (64%). Bootstrapping also provided evidence of a feigning-related amplitude difference between oddball stimuli (i.e., Phone > Birthday) in 71% of Malinger group individuals. In this comparison, the peak-to-peak measure also performed significantly better in intraindividual diagnostics.

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