scholarly journals Occult hepatitis B virus infection in a Kenyan cohort of HIV infected anti-retroviral therapy naïve adults

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244947
Author(s):  
Adil Salyani ◽  
Jasmit Shah ◽  
Rodney Adam ◽  
George Otieno ◽  
Evelyn Mbugua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B

Background Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) is a phase of HBV infection characterised by the presence of HBV DNA in the absence of detectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). OBI is of concern in the HIV-infected due to high prevalence and risk of HBV reactivation. The prevalence and clinico-demographic characteristics of OBI in anti-retroviral therapy (ART) naïve HIV infected adults in Kenya is unknown. Methods A cross sectional study carried was out at three sites in Kenya. HIV infected ART naïve adults were enrolled and demographic data collected. Blood samples were assayed for HBsAg, HBV DNA, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) and hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). Data on CD4 count, HIV viral load and platelet count were obtained from medical records. Results Of 208 patients, 199 (95.7%) did not report HBV vaccination, 196 (94.2%) were HBsAg negative, 119 (57.2%) had no HBV markers, 58 (27.9%) had previous HBV infection (anti-HBc positive) and 11 (5.3%) had OBI. All 11 (100%) OBI patients were anti-HBc positive. OBI patients comprised 19.0% of HBsAg negative, anti-HBc positive patients. There was no difference in clinico-demographic characteristics between the overt HBV, OBI and HBV negative patients. Conclusion This was the first study on OBI in ART naïve HIV infected adults in Kenya. The lower OBI prevalence compared to other sub-Saharan African countries could be attributed to lower HBV exposure. Most patients were HBV unexposed and unimmunized, outlining the need to implement guideline recommended immunization strategies.

Conformational analysis of hepatitis B virus surface antigen mutations among HIV-positive patients diagnosed with occult hepatitis B virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 813-827
Author(s):  
Vahdat Poortahmasebi ◽  
Mansour Poorebrahim ◽  
Ahmadreza Sadeghi ◽  
Mohammad F Abazari ◽  
Mehrzad Sadredinamin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Conformational Structure ◽  
Virus Surface ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B

Aim: We analyzed the role of mutations on the conformational structure of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among HIV-1 positive patients who were infected with occult hepatitis B. Methods: The effects of the potential impact of amino-acid substitutions on the 3D structures of the HBsAg and molecular ducking were investigated using bioinformatics software. Results: Mutations classified in seven groups in accordance with their positions in occult hepatitis B virus infection patients. Some substitutions of residues could linearize the ‘a’ determinant loops. The affinity of binding in mutant HBsAg structures to MAb 12 was lower compared with the wild ones. T123I and P127L substitutions were undergone decrease in HBsAg antigenicity. Conclusion: These findings could be beneficial for a better understanding of hepatitis B virus antigen/antibody interactions.

scholarly journals Molecular and serological detection of occult hepatitis B virus among healthy hepatitis B surface antigen-negative blood donors in Malaysia

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuaibu A Hudu ◽  
Nabil S Harmal ◽  
Mohammed I Saeed ◽  
Ahmad S Alshrari ◽  
Yasmin A Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Serological Detection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B

scholarly journals Hepatitis B virus DNA in the serum of Sardinian blood donors negative for the hepatitis B surface antigen

Blood ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-19
Author(s):  
ME Lai ◽  
P Farci ◽  
A Figus ◽  
A Balestrieri ◽  
M Arnone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Normal Alt

The high endemicity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and liver disease in Sardinia led us to assess the occurrence of HBV DNA in 1,411 sera of two selected groups of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)- negative blood donors: 793 with abnormal serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and 618 with normal serum ALT values (determined during routine testing of their blood donation). HBV DNA sequences were detected by dot-blot hybridization in 68 of 793 subjects (9%) with abnormal ALT but only in three of 618 subjects (0.5%) with normal ALT. HBV-core antibody (anti-HBc) was detected in 338 of 793 subjects (43%) with abnormal ALT as well as in 125 of 618 subjects (20.2%) with normal ALT. Among the 71 subjects positive for serum HBV DNA, 22 (31%) were positive for anti- HBc, while 49 (69%) were negative for all serologic markers of HBV infection. Thus, a high frequency of anti-HBc in apparently healthy HBsAg-negative individuals and a high prevalence of serum HBV DNA in the absence of immunologic markers of HBV infection suggest the existence of genetic variants of HBV that may be responsible for some of the presumed NANB hepatitis encountered in Sardinia and possibly other areas of high endemicity for HBV.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B virus DNA in the serum of Sardinian blood donors negative for the hepatitis B surface antigen

Blood ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
ME Lai ◽  
P Farci ◽  
A Figus ◽  
A Balestrieri ◽  
M Arnone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Normal Alt

Abstract The high endemicity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and liver disease in Sardinia led us to assess the occurrence of HBV DNA in 1,411 sera of two selected groups of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)- negative blood donors: 793 with abnormal serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and 618 with normal serum ALT values (determined during routine testing of their blood donation). HBV DNA sequences were detected by dot-blot hybridization in 68 of 793 subjects (9%) with abnormal ALT but only in three of 618 subjects (0.5%) with normal ALT. HBV-core antibody (anti-HBc) was detected in 338 of 793 subjects (43%) with abnormal ALT as well as in 125 of 618 subjects (20.2%) with normal ALT. Among the 71 subjects positive for serum HBV DNA, 22 (31%) were positive for anti- HBc, while 49 (69%) were negative for all serologic markers of HBV infection. Thus, a high frequency of anti-HBc in apparently healthy HBsAg-negative individuals and a high prevalence of serum HBV DNA in the absence of immunologic markers of HBV infection suggest the existence of genetic variants of HBV that may be responsible for some of the presumed NANB hepatitis encountered in Sardinia and possibly other areas of high endemicity for HBV.

scholarly journals High Rates of Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection in HIV-Positive Individuals Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in Botswana

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Ryan ◽  
Motswedi Anderson ◽  
Ivayla Gyurova ◽  
Lilliam Ambroggio ◽  
Sikhulile Moyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B

Abstract Background Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)–negative but hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA-positive infection—known as occult hepatitis B infection (OBI)—occurs in 1% to >15% of HIV-positive individuals in the United States and South Africa, respectively. However, there are no data on OBI from Botswana, a country known to be hyperendemic for chronic HBV infection and to have a significant HIV burden. Methods Two hundred seventy-two adults enrolled in an HIV treatment study of tenofovir/emtricitabine as the nucleoside backbone who were previously determined to be HBsAg negative were tested for HBV DNA at baseline and 1 year after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Results HBV DNA was detected in 72 of 272 (26.5%). Six individuals (8.3%) had HBV DNA levels greater than 200 IU/mL, and the highest viral load was 3280 IU/mL. Of 65 participants with OBI evaluated at 12 months after initiating HAART, only 1 (1.5%) had detectable HBV DNA. Conclusions Occult HBV infection is quite common in HIV-infected patients in Botswana, although its impact on the course of HIV disease progression is unknown. The suppression of occult HBV DNA levels by tenofovir/emtricitabine suggests an effective therapeutic option, although the long-term suppressive abilities remain unstudied.

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