scholarly journals Three-dimensional composition of the photoreceptor cone layers in healthy eyes using adaptive-optics optical coherence tomography (AO-OCT)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245293
Author(s):  
Adrian Reumueller ◽  
Lorenz Wassermann ◽  
Matthias Salas ◽  
Markus Schranz ◽  
Valentin Hacker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Adaptive Optics ◽  
Outer Segment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cone Photoreceptors ◽  
Cone Mosaic ◽  
Automated Technique ◽  
Healthy Eyes ◽  
Cone Density

Purpose To assess the signal composition of cone photoreceptors three-dimensionally in healthy retinas using adaptive optics optical coherence tomography (AO-OCT). Methods Study population. Twenty healthy eyes of ten subjects (age 23 to 67). Procedures. After routine ophthalmological assessments, eyes were examined using AO-OCT. Three-dimensional volumes were acquired at 2.5° and 6.5° foveal eccentricity in four main meridians (superior, nasal, inferior, temporal). Cone densities and signal compositions were investigated in four different planes: the cone inner segment outer segment junction (IS/OS), the cone outer segment combined with the IS/OS (ISOS+), the cone outer segment tips (COST) and full en-face plane (FEF) combining signals from all mentioned cone layers. Additionally, reliability of a simple semi-automated approach for assessment of cone density was tested. Main outcome measures. Cone density of IS/OS, IS/OS+, COST and FEF. Qualitative depiction and composition of each cone layer. Inter-rater agreement of cone density measurements. Results Mean overall cone density at all eccentricities was highest at the FEF plane (21.160/mm2), followed by COST (20.450/mm2), IS/OS+ (19.920/mm2) and IS/OS (19.530/mm2). The different meridians and eccentricities had a significant impact on cone density, with lower eccentricity resulting in higher cone densities (p≤.001), which were highest at the nasal, then temporal, then inferior and then superior meridian. Depiction of the cone mosaic differed between all 4 layers regarding signal size and packing density. Therefore, different cone layers showed evident but not complete signal overlap. Using the semi-automated technique for counting of cone signals achieved high inter-rater reliability (ICC > .99). Conclusions In healthy individuals qualitative and quantitative changes in cone signals are found not only in different eccentricities and meridians, but also within different photoreceptor layers. The variation between cone planes has to be considered when assessing the integrity of cone photoreceptors in healthy and diseased eyes using adaptive optics technology.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional adaptive optics ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography using a liquid crystal spatial light modulator

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (28) ◽  
pp. 3432-3444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique J. Fernández ◽  
Boris Považay ◽  
Boris Hermann ◽  
Angelika Unterhuber ◽  
Harald Sattmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Adaptive Optics ◽  
Spatial Light Modulator ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Light Modulator ◽  
Ultrahigh Resolution

scholarly journals High-speed volumetric imaging of cone photoreceptors with adaptive optics spectral-domain optical coherence tomography

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 4380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Barry Cense ◽  
Jungtae Rha ◽  
Ravi S. Jonnal ◽  
Weihua Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Adaptive Optics ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Spectral Domain ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cone Photoreceptors ◽  
Volumetric Imaging

scholarly journals Imaging cone photoreceptors in three dimensions and in time using ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography with adaptive optics

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer P. Kocaoglu ◽  
Sangyeol Lee ◽  
Ravi S. Jonnal ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Ashley E. Herde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Adaptive Optics ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cone Photoreceptors ◽  
Ultrahigh Resolution

scholarly journals Interpretation of anatomic correlates of outer retinal bands in optical coherence tomography

2021 ◽  
pp. 153537022110226
Author(s):  
Xincheng Yao ◽  
Taeyoon Son ◽  
Tae-Hoon Kim ◽  
David Le
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Adaptive Optics ◽  
Outer Segment ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Outer Retina ◽  
The Third

By providing the sectioning capability to differentiate individual retinal layers, optical coherence tomography (OCT) is revolutionizing eye disease diagnosis and treatment evaluation. A better understanding of the hyper- and hypo-reflective bands in retinal OCT is essential for accurate interpretation of clinical outcomes. In this article, we summarize the interpretations of clinical OCT and adaptive optics (AO) OCT (AO-OCT) of the outer retina in the human eye, and briefly review OCT investigation of the outer retina in animal models. Quantitative analysis of outer retinal OCT bands is compared to established parameters of retinal histology. The literature review and comparative analysis support that both inner/outer segment (IS/OS) junction and IS ellipsoid zone nonexclusively contribute to the second band; and OS, OS tips, and retinal pigment epithelium apical processes contribute to the third band in conventional OCT. In contrast, AO-OCT might predominantly detect the IS/OS junction and OS tip signals at the second and third bands due to its improved sectioning capability and possible AO effect on the sensitivities for recording ballistic and diffusive photons from different regions of the outer retina.

Multimodal imaging of torpedo maculopathy including adaptive optics

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. NP27-NP31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliette Hugo ◽  
Marie Beylerian ◽  
Eric Denion ◽  
Aurore Aziz ◽  
Pierre Gascon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Fluorescein Angiography ◽  
Adaptive Optics ◽  
Multimodal Imaging ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cone Mosaic ◽  
Torpedo Maculopathy

Purpose: The etiology of torpedo maculopathy remains unknown, but it has been recently suggested that it could represent a persistent defect in the development of the retinal pigment epithelium. As retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors form a functional unit, an alteration of photoreceptor distribution or function is predictable. The aim of this study is to describe multimodal imaging, including adaptive optics, in three cases of torpedo maculopathy, and discuss its pathogenesis. Methods: Multimodal imaging is presented, including fundus photographs, optical coherence tomography, adaptive optics, autofluorescence, fluorescein angiography, and ultra-widefield retinal imaging in three cases of torpedo maculopathy. Results: An oval-shaped well-delimited chorioretinal lesion both hypopigmented centrally and with a hyperpigmented border in the temporal macula, consistent with torpedo maculopathy, was observed in three patients. Optical coherence tomography showed a preservation of the inner retina, a mild atrophy of the outer retina, an alteration of the ellipsoid zone and of the retinal pigment epithelium layer, and a neurosensory detachment. These lesions were hypoautofluorescent with a hyperautofluorescent border. Fluorescein angiography showed a hyperfluorescence by window effect. Adaptive optics imaging showed an alteration of the cone mosaic within the lesions, with a lower cone density and a higher spacing between cones. Conclusion: The alteration of the cone mosaic suggested by adaptive optics in torpedo maculopathy has never been described and could be explained by the alteration of the retinal pigment epithelium. Our results support the existing hypothesis on the pathogenesis of torpedo maculopathy that a persistent defect in the development of the retinal pigment epithelium may be responsible for this clinical entity.

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