scholarly journals Sex differences in susceptibility, severity, and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019: Cross-sectional analysis from a diverse US metropolitan area

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhaan S. Vahidy ◽  
Alan P. Pan ◽  
Hilda Ahnstedt ◽  
Yashasvee Munshi ◽  
Huimahn A. Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Median Income ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Hypoxic Respiratory Failure ◽  
Comorbidity Index ◽  
Sex Disparities ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Introduction Sex is increasingly recognized as an important factor in the epidemiology and outcome of many diseases. This also appears to hold for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Evidence from China and Europe has suggested that mortality from COVID-19 infection is higher in men than women, but evidence from US populations is lacking. Utilizing data from a large healthcare provider, we determined if males, as compared to females have a higher likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility, and if among the hospitalized COVID-19 patients, male sex is independently associated with COVID-19 severity and poor in-hospital outcomes. Methods and findings Using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from a COVID-19 Surveillance and Outcomes Registry (CURATOR). Data were extracted from Electronic Medical Records (EMR). A total of 96,473 individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in nasopharyngeal swab specimens via Polymerized Chain Reaction (PCR) tests were included. For hospital-based analyses, all patients admitted during the same time-period were included. Of the 96,473 patients tested, 14,992 (15.6%) tested positive, of whom 4,785 (31.9%) were hospitalized and 452 (9.5%) died. Among all patients tested, men were significantly older. The overall SARS-CoV-2 positivity among all tested individuals was 15.5%, and was higher in males as compared to females 17.0% vs. 14.6% [OR 1.20]. This sex difference held after adjusting for age, race, ethnicity, marital status, insurance type, median income, BMI, smoking and 17 comorbidities included in Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) [aOR 1.39]. A higher proportion of males (vs. females) experienced pulmonary (ARDS, hypoxic respiratory failure) and extra-pulmonary (acute renal injury) complications during their hospital course. After adjustment, length of stay (LOS), need for mechanical ventilation, and in-hospital mortality were significantly higher in males as compared to females. Conclusions In this analysis of a large US cohort, males were more likely to test positive for COVID-19. In hospitalized patients, males were more likely to have complications, require ICU admission and mechanical ventilation, and had higher mortality than females, independent of age. Sex disparities in COVID-19 vulnerability are present, and emphasize the importance of examining sex-disaggregated data to improve our understanding of the biological processes involved to potentially tailor treatment and risk stratify patients.

scholarly journals Sex disparities in tuberculosis suspect evaluation: a cross-sectional analysis in rural Uganda

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Miller ◽  
J. L. Davis ◽  
A. Katamba ◽  
A. Sserwanga ◽  
S. Kakeeto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Sex Disparities ◽  
Sectional Analysis

scholarly journals Disparities in COVID-19 Hospitalizations and Mortality among Black and Hispanic Patients: Cross-Sectional Analysis from the Greater Houston Metropolitan Area

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Pan ◽  
Osman Khan ◽  
Jennifer Meeks ◽  
Marc Boom ◽  
Faisal Masud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Median Income ◽  
Care Provision ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Differences ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Hispanic Patients ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Disparate racial and ethnic burdens of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may be attributable to higher susceptibility to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or to factors such as differences in hospitalization and care provision. In our cross-sectional analysis of lab-confirmed COVID-19 cases from a tertiary, eight-hospital healthcare system (Houston Methodist) across greater Houston, multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to evaluate the odds of hospitalization and mortality for non-Hispanic Blacks (NHBs) vs. non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs) and Hispanics vs. non-Hispanics. Between March 3rd and July 18th, 2020, 70,496 individuals were tested for SARS-CoV-2; 12,084 (17.1%) tested positive, of whom 3,536 (29.3%) were hospitalized. Among positive cases, NHBs and Hispanics were significantly younger than NHWs and Hispanics, respectively (mean age NHBs vs. NHWs: 46.0 vs. 51.7 year and Hispanic vs. non-Hispanic: 44.0 vs. 48.7 years). Despite younger age, NHBs (vs. NHWs) had a higher prevalence of diabetes (25.2%), hypertension (47.7%), and chronic kidney disease (5.0%). Both minority groups resided in lower median income and higher population density areas. In fully adjusted models, NHBs and Hispanics had higher likelihoods of hospitalization, aOR (CI): 1.42 (1.24-1.63) and 1.61 (1.46-1.78), respectively. No differences were observed in intensive care unit (ICU) utilization or treatment parameters. Models adjusted for demographics, vital signs, laboratory parameters, hospital complications, and ICU admission demonstrated non-significantly lower likelihoods of in-hospital mortality among NHBs and Hispanics, aOR (CI): 0.65 (0.40-1.03) and 0.89 (0.59-1.31), respectively. Our data did not demonstrate racial and ethnic differences in care provision and hospital outcomes. Higher susceptibility of racial and ethnic minorities to SARS-CoV-2 and subsequent hospitalization may be driven primarily by social determinants.

Mortality in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis Requiring Mechanical Ventilation. Cross-Sectional Analysis of Nationwide Events

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1017-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Siuba ◽  
Amy Attaway ◽  
Joe Zein ◽  
Xiaofeng Wang ◽  
Xiaozhen Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Sectional Analysis

scholarly journals Disparities in COVID-19 hospitalizations and mortality among black and Hispanic patients: cross-sectional analysis from the greater Houston metropolitan area

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan P. Pan ◽  
Osman Khan ◽  
Jennifer R. Meeks ◽  
Marc L. Boom ◽  
Faisal N. Masud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Median Income ◽  
Care Provision ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Hispanic Patients ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Abstract Background Disparate racial/ethnic burdens of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may be attributable to higher susceptibility to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or to factors such as differences in hospitalization and care provision. Methods In our cross-sectional analysis of lab-confirmed COVID-19 cases from a tertiary, eight-hospital healthcare system across greater Houston, multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to evaluate hospitalization and mortality odds for non-Hispanic Blacks (NHBs) vs. non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs) and Hispanics vs. non-Hispanics. Results Between March 3rd and July 18th, 2020, 70,496 individuals were tested for SARS-CoV-2; 12,084 (17.1%) tested positive, of whom 3536 (29.3%) were hospitalized. Among positive cases, NHBs and Hispanics were significantly younger than NHWs and Hispanics, respectively (mean age NHBs vs. NHWs: 46.0 vs. 51.7 years; p < 0.001 and Hispanic vs. non-Hispanic: 44.0 vs. 48.7 years; p < 0.001). Despite younger age, NHBs (vs. NHWs) had a higher prevalence of diabetes (25.2% vs. 17.6%; p < 0.001), hypertension (47.7% vs. 43.1%; p < 0.001), and chronic kidney disease (5.0% vs. 3.3%; p = 0.001). Both minority groups resided in lower median income (median income [USD]; NHBs vs. NHWs: 63,489 vs. 75,793; p < 0.001, Hispanic vs. non-Hispanic: 59,104 vs. 68,318; p < 0.001) and higher population density areas (median population density [per square mile]; NHBs vs. NHWs: 3257 vs. 2742; p < 0.001, Hispanic vs. non-Hispanic: 3381 vs. 2884; p < 0.001). In fully adjusted models, NHBs (vs. NHWs) and Hispanics (vs. non-Hispanic) had higher likelihoods of hospitalization, aOR (95% CI): 1.42 (1.24–1.63) and 1.61 (1.46–1.78), respectively. No differences were observed in intensive care unit (ICU) utilization or treatment parameters. Models adjusted for demographics, vital signs, laboratory parameters, hospital complications, and ICU admission vital signs demonstrated non-significantly lower likelihoods of in-hospital mortality among NHBs and Hispanic patients, aOR (95% CI): 0.65 (0.40–1.03) and 0.89 (0.59–1.31), respectively. Conclusions Our data did not demonstrate racial and ethnic differences in care provision and hospital outcomes. Higher susceptibility of racial and ethnic minorities to SARS-CoV-2 and subsequent hospitalization may be driven primarily by social determinants.

Evaluation of the prevalence and nutritional and social determinants of overweight in a population of schoolchildren: a cross-sectional analysis of 5,037 children

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Filla Rosaneli ◽  
Flavia Auler ◽  
Carla Barreto Manfrinato ◽  
Claudine Filla Rosaneli ◽  
Caroline Sganzerla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Determinants ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Quantitative Clinical Characteristics of 53 Patients with MPS VII: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S1-S45
Author(s):  
M. Zielonka ◽  
S. Garbade ◽  
S. Kölker ◽  
G. Hoffmann ◽  
M. Ries
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Mps Vii ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Fracture prevalence in children 0-19 years-old in Mexico: A 10-year cross-sectional analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Clark ◽  
Annarella Barbato ◽  
Miguel Angel Guagnelli ◽  
Jose Alberto Rascon ◽  
Edgar Denova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Fracture Prevalence ◽  
Sectional Analysis

2174-PUB: Profiling of Young Diabetes in India: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Report

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 2174-PUB
Author(s):  
NARAYANAN NK ◽  
CS DWARAKANATH ◽  
VENKATARAMAN S ◽  
MANIKANDAN RM ◽  
NARENDRA BS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Quantitative Electrical Analysis of FIB Prepared Vias on BiCMOS and CMOS090 Designs

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Domengès ◽  
P. Poirier
Keyword(s):  
Ion Beam ◽  
Beam Current ◽  
Kelvin Probe ◽  
Metal Line ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Probe Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Controlling Parameter ◽  
Electrical Analysis ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Abstract In this study, the resistance of FIB prepared vias was characterized by the Kelvin probe technique and their physical characteristics studied using cross-sectional analysis. Two domains of resistivity were isolated in relation to the ion beam current used for the deposition of the via metal (Pt). Also submicrometer vias were investigated on 4.2 µm deep metal lines of a BiCMOS aluminum based design and a CMOS 090 copper based one. It is shown that the controlling parameter is the shape and volume of the contact, and that the contact formation is favored by the amount of over-mill of the via into the metal line it will contact.

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