scholarly journals Contribution of the peroneus longus neuromuscular compartments to eversion and plantarflexion of the ankle

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250159
Author(s):  
Guillermo Mendez-Rebolledo ◽  
Rodrigo Guzmán-Venegas ◽  
Oscar Valencia ◽  
Kohei Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Posterior Compartment ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Anterior Compartment ◽  
Posterior Displacement ◽  
Peroneus Longus ◽  
Longus Muscle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Primary Finding

Compartmentalization of animal and human skeletal muscle by multiple motor nerve branches known as the neuromuscular compartment (NMC) has been observed primarily in muscles that participate in a plane of motion. In this context, the peroneus longus muscle contributes to eversion and plantarflexion of the ankle and the presence of NMCs has been reported. However, no research has reported the selective activation of the compartments of the peroneus longus during the performance of different ankle movements. The purpose of this research was to determine the contribution of peroneus longus NMCs, through multi-channel surface electromyography (sEMG), to eversion and plantarflexion movements. Multi-channel sEMG was recorded from the peroneus longus muscle by using an electrode grid during eversion and plantarflexion of the ankle at 10%, 30%, 50%, and 70% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). The root mean square and displacement of the center of mass position in the X (COMx) and Y (COMy) components were calculated. The primary finding was that eversion showed significantly higher sEMG amplitude than plantarflexion in the posterior compartment in low, moderate, and high percentages of MVIC. However, no significant difference in sEMG amplitude was observed in the anterior compartment between eversion and plantarflexion. In addition, a posterior displacement of the COMx in eversion compared to plantarflexion in all MVIC percentages, with greater topographic distancing of the COMx at higher levels of activation. In conclusion, the peroneus longus muscle presented NMCs; the anterior compartment contributed to both eversion and plantarflexion movements, whereas the posterior compartment mainly contributed to the eversion movement of the ankle in low, moderate, and high percentages of MVIC.

scholarly journals Ultrasound Imaging of Crural Fascia and Epimysial Fascia Thicknesses in Basketball Players with Previous Ankle Sprains Versus Healthy Subjects

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Carmelo Pirri ◽  
Caterina Fede ◽  
Antonio Stecco ◽  
Diego Guidolin ◽  
Chenglei Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Posterior Compartment ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anterior Compartment ◽  
Crural Fascia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Healthy Participants

Background: Fascial layers may play an important role in locomotor mechanics. Recent researches have revealed an association between increases of fascia thickness and reduced joint flexibility in patients with chronic pain. The purpose of this study was to measure and compare, through the use of ultrasound imaging, the thickness of the deep/crural fascia in different points of the leg as well as the epimysial fascia thickness at level 2 of anterior compartment of leg, in male basketball players with history of recurrent ankle sprain and in healthy participants. Methods: A cross-sectional study has been performed using ultrasound imaging to measure deep/crural fascia thickness of anterior, lateral and posterior compartment of the leg at different levels with a new protocol in a sample of 30 subjects, 15 basketball players and 15 healthy participants. Results: Findings of fascial thickness revealed statistically significant differences (p < 0.01) in epimysial fascia thickness and in deep/crural fascia thickness between levels/compartments of the same group and between two groups. Moreover, Post 3 deep/crural fascia thicknesses (p < 0.001) were decreased showing statistically significant difference for the basketball players group respect the healthy participants group. Conclusions: These findings suggested that the posterior compartment was thicker than anterior compartment, probably due to a postural reason in both groups. Moreover, they showed an increase of thickness of the epimysial fascia in basketball players with previous ankle sprains. This variability underlines the importance to assess the fasciae and to make results comparable.

scholarly journals A Cadaveric Study of Palmaris Longus Muscle

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-179
Author(s):  
SadiqaliAbbasali Syed
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Cadaveric Study ◽  
Muscle Morphology ◽  
Anterior Compartment ◽  
Palmaris Longus ◽  
Longus Muscle ◽  
Palmaris Longus Muscle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Background: Aim: To assess the palmaris longus muscle.Methods:40 formalin fixed cadavers of both genders were included. Routine dissection of the upper limb was carried following the Cunnigham’s Manual of Practical Anatomy. During the dissection of the anterior compartment of forearm, the Palmaris longus muscle was identified & carefully dissected.Results:Out of 40 cadavers, 22 were of males and 18 were of females. Morphology of Palmaris longus found to be normal in 18, agenesis in 6, fusiform in 4, hybrid in 6, bifurcated tendon in 5 and fleshy in 1 case. A significant difference was observed (P< 0.05).Conclusions:Surgeon must be aware of the variations of palmaris longus muscle. Morphology of Palmaris longus found to be normal, agenesis, fusiform, hybrid, bifurcated tendon and fleshy.

scholarly journals Modified laparoscopic lateral suspension with a five-arm mesh in pelvic organ prolapse surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eren Akbaba ◽  
Burak Sezgin
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Organ Prolapse ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Pelvic Organ ◽  
Laparoscopic Technique ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Posterior Compartment ◽  
Anterior Compartment ◽  
Mesh Graft ◽  
Laparoscopic Lateral Suspension

Abstract Background Laparoscopic lateral suspension (LLS) is a laparoscopic technique used to treat pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in apical and anterior compartment defect with the use of a synthetic T-shaped mesh graft. The posterior compartment is repaired using a second mesh or a procedure along with LLS, such as posterior colporrhaphy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical results of LLS for POP using a five-arm mesh instead of a T-shaped mesh graft to repair the defect of the posterior compartment in addition to the apical and anterior compartments. Methods Data from 37 patients with a diagnosis of advanced-stage (≥ 3) POP undergoing LLS with the use of a five-arm mesh were retrospectively analysed. Pre-operative and post-operative examinations and, surgical outcomes were determined. The results of measurements and examinations, reoperation rates, erosion rates, lower urinary tract symptoms, and complications were analysed. The Prolapse Quality of Life Questionnaire (P-QOL) was also used. Results The median post-operative follow-up was 20 (13–34) months. There was a significant improvement in POP-Q scores in all treated compartments, with overall objective cure rates of 94.5% for the apical compartment, 86.4% for the anterior compartment, and 91.8% for the posterior compartment. The median operative time was 96 (76–112) minutes. The median length of hospitalization was 2 (1–3) days. A significant improvement in vaginal bulge, urinary urgency, incomplete voiding, urinary frequency, and constipation was observed after surgery. The sexuality among patients increased from 13 (35.1%) preoperatively to 22 (59.4%) post-operatively. De novo stress urinary incontinence developed in 7 (18.9%) patients. The P-QOL scores improved significantly after surgery. Conclusions In advanced-stage POP patients, the posterior compartment damage can also be repaired in LLS with the use of a single five-arm mesh without the need for an additional procedure, and the recurrence rate can be reduced.

Effects of immobilizing the cat peroneus longus muscle on the activity of its own spindles

1993 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 2629-2635 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gioux ◽  
J. Petit
Keyword(s):  
Short Length ◽  
Full Extension ◽  
Peroneus Longus ◽  
Longus Muscle ◽  
Muscle Compliance ◽  
Muscle Spindle Endings ◽  
Static Discharge ◽  
Distal Tendon ◽  
Stimulation Of

The peroneus longus muscle of 10 cats were immobilized by fixating the distal tendon on the fibula at one of two length: neutral (length for a 90 degrees flexion of the ankle joint; 5 cats) or short (length for a full extension of the joint; 5 cats). Spindle afferent discharges were studied after 2 (4 cats) or 5 wk (6 cats) of immobilization and compared with those of four control animals. In each muscle, the discharges of nearly all primary and one of secondary muscle spindle endings were recorded during 2-mm ramp-and-hold stretches applied at different initial muscle lengths. A very slight increase in both the static discharge and the dynamic index of primary endings was observed in passive spindles. The increase in connective tissue that occurs in immobilized muscle and reduces muscle compliance was likely the sole alteration responsible for this constant effect. The responses to stretches of primary endings during stimulation of static and dynamic gamma-axons were not altered. Muscle immobilization at short length, even if spindle properties are not altered, can be expected to reduce the overall amount of group Ia afferent impulses with possible long-term changes on motoneuron properties.

Positional signaling by hedgehog in Drosophila imaginal disc development

Development ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.L. Felsenfeld ◽  
J.A. Kennison
Keyword(s):  
Hedgehog Signaling ◽  
Imaginal Disc ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Posterior Compartment ◽  
Anterior Compartment ◽  
Segment Polarity ◽  
Wing Structures ◽  
Wing Discs ◽  
Segment Polarity Gene ◽  
Polarity Gene

We describe a dominant gain-of-function allele of the segment polarity gene hedgehog. This mutation causes ectopic expression of hedgehog mRNA in the anterior compartment of wing discs, leading to overgrowth of tissue in the anterior of the wing and partial duplication of distal wing structures. The posterior compartment of the wing is unaffected. Other imaginal derivatives are affected, resulting in duplications of legs and antennae and malformations of eyes. In mutant imaginal wing discs, expression of the decapentaplegic gene, which is implicated in the hedgehog signaling pathway, is also perturbed. The results suggest that hedgehog protein acts in the wing as a signal to instruct neighboring cells to adopt fates appropriate to the region of the wing just anterior to the compartmental boundary.

Kinesio taping techniques for ankle stabilisation in patients with stroke: a single-blinded randomised controlled study

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ramazan Kurul ◽  
Tamer Cankaya ◽  
Necmiye Un Yildirim
Keyword(s):  
Barthel Index ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Peroneus Longus ◽  
Kinesio Taping ◽  
Functional Reach ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Functional Reach Test ◽  
Peroneus Brevis

Background/AimsAnkle proprioception and neuromuscular feedback from this region provides the sensory input needed for balance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of repeated correction taping applied on the ankle and peroneus longus and peroneus brevis muscles on balance and gait in patients with stroke.MethodsA total of 61 patients with stroke with a mean age of 62.25 ± 7.04 years were included in this study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. The control group (n=30) received 1 hour of rehabilitation, which took place during weekdays over the course of 2 weeks. The intervention group (n=31) received 1 hour of daily rehabilitation as well as having kinesio tape applied to their ankle. Both groups were assessed with the Balance Evaluating Systems Test, Timed Up and Go Test, Functional Reach Test, Tetrax Balance System and Barthel Index. Clinical assessments were performed at baseline, immediately after the first application, 1 week and 2 weeks later, following the first taping.ResultsThere was a significant improvement in the Balance Evaluating Systems and Functional Reach Tests scores between the first and last measurements in favour of the intervention group (P<0.05). There were no significant changes between baseline and immediately after assessment for all measurements (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in Tetrax scores, Timed Up and Go Test and Barthel Index scores (P>0.05).ConclusionsIn this study, it was found that dynamic balance was improved by taping the peroneus longus and peroneus brevis muscles, but the static balance did not change. One week of kinesio taping would be beneficial; however, prolonged use would not provide further improvement.

Properties of motor units after immobilization of cat peroneus longus muscle

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 1131-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Petit ◽  
M. Gioux
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
Short Length ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Tetanic Force ◽  
Peroneus Longus ◽  
Single Motor Units ◽  
Longus Muscle ◽  
Selective Immobilization

Changes in contractile properties of cat peroneus longus motor units were studied 2, 5, and 8 wk after selective immobilization of this muscle, which was achieved by fixing the distal tendon of the peroneus longus to the fibula either at the muscle minimal physiological length ("short" length) or at the length for a 90 degree ankle joint ("neutral" length). In each muscle, 75–90% of the units [slow (S), fast resistant to fatigue (FR), fast intermediate (FI), and fast fatigable (FF)] were studied. Immobilization elicited a permanent decrease in tetanic force developed by single motor units, which was larger for resistant-to-fatigue units (S, FR). In most instances this decrease was not related to the immobilization length. In all units, twitch contraction and half-relaxation times underwent a transient increase, the extent and time course of which were influenced by immobilization length. The relationship between the frequency of motor units activation and the ratio of unfused to maximal tetanic force was studied. For fast units, there was a transient shift of the relation toward low frequencies after 2 and 5 wk of immobilization at neutral and short length, respectively.

scholarly journals REAMED TIBIAL INTERLOCK NAILING;

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (03) ◽  
pp. 312-318
Author(s):  
Muhammad INAM ◽  
Muhammad ARIF ◽  
ABDUL SATTAR
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Lateral Compartment ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Compartment Pressure ◽  
Posterior Compartment ◽  
Intracompartmental Pressure ◽  
Anterior Compartment ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Infusion Technique

Objective: The objective is to measure preoperative and postoperative compartment pressure in reamed tibial interlock nailingusing Whitesides infusion technique. Duration: This study is carried out from September 2007 to August 2008 Setting: Department ofOrthopedic and Spine Surgery of Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar Material and Methods: Thirty consecutive patients that werecandidates for closed reamed interlock nailing of the tibia and there compartment pressure were measured preoperatively and postoperativelyby Whiteside infusion technique. Results: Average age of patient was 35 years. Male were 26(86.66%) and female were 4(13.34%). Therewere 12(40%) type A and 18(60%) type B fractures according to Orthopedic Trauma Association (OTA) AO classification. Twenty seven (90%)factures were due to motor vehicle accident and 3(10%) were due to fall. The minimum preoperative pressure in superficial posteriorcompartment was 7 millimeter of mercury (mm Hg), deep posterior compartment was 10 mm Hg, anterior compartment was 10 mm Hg, lateralcompartment was 10 mm Hg while maximum pressure in was 25, 25, 25 and 25 mm Hg respectively. The maximum post operative pressure insuperficial posterior compartment was 10 mm Hg minimum and 25 mm Hg maximum, deep posterior compartment was 15 and 28 , anteriorcompartment was 15 and 30 and in lateral compartment was 10 mm Hg minimum and 30 mm Hg maximum. The minimum diastolic bloodpressure was 65 and maximum was 90 mm Hg. Conclusions: Compartment pressure measurement by Whitesides’ infusion technique is asimple and effective method for monitoring the intracompartmental pressure. It avoids unnecessary fasciotomy that has an extra morbidity interms of infection and skin coverage.

Considerations of Noise for the Use of Compressed Speech in a Cockpit Environment

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorri J. Crittenden ◽  
Newton C. Ellis ◽  
Rodger J. Koppa
Keyword(s):  
Noise Environment ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Compressed Speech ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Primary Finding ◽  
Verbal Messages ◽  
Speech Research ◽  
Compression Level

This research investigated the feasibility of using time compressed speech in a cockpit environment by examining the effect of cockpit noise on the intelligibility and comprehensibility of compressed speech. Research participants listened to cockpit-oriented verbal messages and were required to write them down afterwards. Results revealed a significant difference in compression levels between the environment without the ambient cockpit noise and the noise environment. The primary finding of this study was an interaction between noise and compression level. Implications of this research are made for the design of advanced crew systems.

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