scholarly journals An imaging approach for determining the mechanism of enhancement of intestinal absorption of an L-theanine supplement

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253066
Author(s):  
Yuki Sato ◽  
Kazuki Yamaguchi ◽  
Mikako Ogawa ◽  
Yoh Takekuma ◽  
Mitsuru Sugawara
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Relaxation Effect ◽  
Intestinal Blood Flow ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Food Component ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Imaging Approach ◽  
Increased Blood Flow ◽  
Inhibition Of Metabolism

Background & objective Theanine (L-glutamylethylamide) contained in green tea is a functional food component that has been attracting attention due to its relaxation effect. It was shown that the ingredients added to the theanine formulations increased the absorption of theanine. If this mechanism can be elucidated, it would be possible to contribute to development of evidence-based formulations. In this study, we investigated the effect of ingredients in the formulations on the absorption of theanine in detail. Main methods After oral administration of a mixture of theanine and additional components to Wistar rats the plasma concentration was determined by an HPLC and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. In addition, a new system for evaluating intestinal blood flow was developed since the involvement of intestinal blood flow was considered as a factor that increased absorption of theanine. Key findings Plasma concentration of theanine increased significantly in the combined use group with eight ingredients containing piperine as compared with theanine only group. Piperine would increase theanine absorption by increased blood flow, not an inhibition of metabolism. We succeeded to develop a visual and quantitative system to evaluate the effect of these ingredients directly including piperine on the intestinal blood flow using indocyanine green while maintaining physiological conditions. Significance Increased intestinal blood flow by these ingredients including piperine enhanced the absorption of theanine. Other mechanisms may also be considered as the mechanism by which theanine absorption is increased in addition to increased blood flow.

The effect of the chinese herbal medicine Dai-Kenchu-To on intestinal blood flow

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A248-A248
Author(s):  
N KAWASAKI ◽  
K NARIAI ◽  
M NAKAO ◽  
K NAKADA ◽  
N HANYUU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Chinese Herbal Medicine ◽  
Intestinal Blood Flow ◽  
Chinese Herbal

Efficacy of combined use of plasmid constructs containing HGF and angiopoietin-1 genes to restore blood flow in ischemic tissues

2018 ◽  
Vol XIII (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rubina ◽  
E. Semina ◽  
D. Diykanov ◽  
M. Boldyreva ◽  
P. Makarevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Angiopoietin 1

Diastolic pressure and peripheral resistance during stellate ganglion stimulation

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward D. Freis ◽  
Jay N. Cohn ◽  
Thomas E. Liptak ◽  
Aristide G. B. Kovach
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Stellate Ganglion ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Resistance Vessels ◽  
Left Stellate Ganglion ◽  
Increased Blood Flow

The mechanism of the diastolic pressure elevation occurring during left stellate ganglion stimulation was investigated. The cardiac output rose considerably, the heart rate remained essentially unchanged, and the total peripheral resistance fell moderately. The diastolic rise appeared to be due to increased blood flow rather than to any active changes in resistance vessels.

The effect of early-onset preeclampsia on the intestinal blood flow of preterm infants

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Manso de Carvalho Pelicia ◽  
Saskia Maria Wiegerinck Fekete ◽  
José Eduardo Corrente ◽  
Ligia Maria Suppo de Souza Rugolo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Intestinal Blood Flow ◽  
Early Onset Preeclampsia

Effects of nicotine on canine intestinal blood flow and oxygen consumption

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (2) ◽  
pp. G195-G203
Author(s):  
R. H. Gallavan ◽  
Y. Tsuchiya ◽  
E. D. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Intestinal Blood Flow ◽  
Mesenteric Blood Flow ◽  
State Response ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Intestinal Circulation

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of nicotine on intestinal blood flow and oxygen consumption. The intravenous infusion of nicotine at doses corresponding to those experienced by smokers produced a transient increase in systemic arterial blood pressure and mesenteric blood flow. Subsequently a steady-state response developed that consisted of a reduction in mesenteric blood flow due to both a decrease in blood pressure and an increase in intestinal vascular resistance. This increase in resistance was probably due to increased levels of circulating catecholamines. The intra-arterial infusion of nicotine into the intestinal circulation at doses experienced by the average smoker had no effect on either intestinal blood flow or oxygen consumption. Similarly, under in vitro conditions nicotine had no direct effect on intestinal vascular smooth muscle tension. Thus, nicotine appears to reduce intestinal blood flow indirectly as a result of its systemic effects.

Increased blood flow to lower limbs after plasma exchange in two patients with familial hypercholesterolemia

1982 ◽  
Vol 41 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 421-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Postiglione ◽  
P. Rubba ◽  
N. Scarpato ◽  
A. Iannuzzi ◽  
M. Mancini
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Plasma Exchange ◽  
Familial Hypercholesterolemia ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Increased Blood Flow

Rapid Infusion of Hydroxyethyl Starch 70/0.5 but not Acetate Ringer’s Solution Decreases the Plasma Concentration of Propofol during Target-controlled Infusion

2016 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayako Itakura ◽  
Kenichi Masui ◽  
Tomiei Kazama
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Indocyanine Green ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Hydroxyethyl Starch ◽  
Hepatic Blood Flow ◽  
Disappearance Rate ◽  
Rapid Infusion ◽  
Ringer’S Solution ◽  
Target Controlled Infusion

Abstract Background Rapid fluid infusion resulting in increased hepatic blood flow may decrease the propofol plasma concentration (Cp) because propofol is a high hepatic extraction drug. The authors investigated the effects of rapid colloid and crystalloid infusions on the propofol Cp during target-controlled infusion. Methods Thirty-six patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 interventions (12 patients per group). At least 30 min after the start of propofol infusion, patients received either a 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solution at 24 ml·kg−1·h−1 or acetated Ringer’s solution at 24 or 2 ml·kg−1·h−1 during the first 20 min. In all groups, acetated Ringer’s solution was infused at 2 ml·kg−1·h−1 during the next 20 min. The propofol Cp was measured every 2.5 min as the primary outcome. Cardiac output, blood volume, and indocyanine green disappearance rate were determined using a pulse dye densitogram analyzer before and after the start of fluid administration. Effective hepatic blood flow was calculated as the blood volume multiplied by the indocyanine green disappearance rate. Results The rapid HES infusion significantly decreased the propofol Cp by 22 to 37%, compared to the Cp at 0 min, whereas the rapid or maintenance infusion of acetate Ringer’s solution did not decrease the propofol Cp. Rapid HES infusion, but not acetate Ringer’s solution infusion, increased the effective hepatic blood flow. Conclusions Rapid HES infusion increased the effective hepatic blood flow, resulting in a decreased propofol Cp during target-controlled infusion. Rapid HES infusion should be used cautiously as it may decrease the depth of anesthesia.

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