Increased blood flow to lower limbs after plasma exchange in two patients with familial hypercholesterolemia

The mechanism of the diastolic pressure elevation occurring during left stellate ganglion stimulation was investigated. The cardiac output rose considerably, the heart rate remained essentially unchanged, and the total peripheral resistance fell moderately. The diastolic rise appeared to be due to increased blood flow rather than to any active changes in resistance vessels.

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Vascular responses of dura mater

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.1989.257.1.h157 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 257 (1) ◽

pp. H157-H161 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

F. M. Faraci ◽

K. A. Kadel ◽

D. D. Heistad

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Substance P ◽

Dura Mater ◽

Sympathetic Nerves ◽

Vascular Headache ◽

Vascular Responses ◽

Anesthetized Dogs ◽

High Level ◽

The Brain ◽

Increased Blood Flow

The goal of this study was to examine vascular responses of the dura mater. Microspheres were used to measure blood flow to the dura and brain in anesthetized dogs. Under control conditions, blood flow to the dura was 38 +/- 3 (SE) ml.min-1.100 g-1. Values for blood flow to the dura obtained with simultaneous injection of 15- and 50-microns microspheres were similar, which suggests that shunting of 15-microns spheres was minimal. Left atrial infusion of substance P (100 ng.kg-1.min-1) and serotonin (40 micrograms.kg-1.min-1), two agonists that have been reported to increase vascular permeability in the dura, increased blood flow to the dura two- to threefold. Adenosine (iv) produced vasodilatation in the dura. Adenosine and serotonin did not affect cerebral blood flow, but substance P increased blood flow to the brain by approximately 40%. Seizures, which produce pronounced dilatation of cerebral vessels despite activation of sympathetic nerves, produced vasoconstriction in the dura. Thus 1) the dura is perfused at a relatively high level of blood flow under normal conditions and is very responsive to vasoactive stimuli, and 2) substance P and serotonin, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular headache, produce pronounced vasodilator responses in the dura mater.

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Substrate utilization in leg muscle of men after heat acclimation

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1987.63.1.31 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 31-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

J. P. Kirwan ◽

D. L. Costill ◽

H. Kuipers ◽

M. J. Burrell ◽

W. J. Fink ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Muscle Glycogen ◽

Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽

Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽

Heat Acclimation ◽

Substrate Utilization ◽

Acclimation Period ◽

Glycogen Utilization ◽

Leg Muscle ◽

Increased Blood Flow

Eight men were heat acclimated (39.6 degrees C and 29.2% rh) for 8 days to examine changes in substrate utilization. A heat exercise test (HET), (cycling for 60 min; 50% maximal O2 consumption) was performed before (UN-HET) and after (ACC-HET) the acclimation period. Muscle glycogen utilization (67.0 vs. 37.6 mmol/kg wet wt), respiratory exchange ratio (0.85 +/- 0.002 vs. 0.83 +/- 0.001), and calculated rate of carbohydrate oxidation (75.15 +/- 1.38 vs. 64.80 +/- 1.52 g/h) were significantly reduced (P less than 0.05) during the ACC-HET. Significantly lower (P less than 0.05) femoral venous glucose (15, 30, and 45 min) and lactate (15 min) levels were observed during the ACC-HET. No differences were observed in plasma free fatty acid (FFA) and glycerol concentrations or glucose, lactate and glycerol arteriovenous uptake/release between tests. A small but significant increase (P less than 0.05) above resting levels in FFA uptake was observed during the ACC-HET. Leg blood flow was slightly greater (P greater than 0.05) during the ACC-HET (4.64 +/- 0.13 vs. 4.80 +/- 0.13 l/min). These findings indicate a reduced use of muscle glycogen following heat acclimation. However, the decrease is not completely explained by a shift toward greater lipid oxidation or increased blood flow.

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The Efficiency of Synthetic Sex Pheromones in Sexual Arousal Stimulation in Domestic Dogs

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.1515/pjvs-2017-0052 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 429-437 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. Dzięcioł ◽

W. Niżański ◽

T. Jezierski ◽

A. Szumny ◽

E.J. Godzińska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Sexual Arousal ◽

Adult Male ◽

Sex Pheromones ◽

Domestic Dogs ◽

Behavioral Arousal ◽

Sexual Stimulation ◽

Penile Artery ◽

Increased Blood Flow ◽

Stimulation Of

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of synthetic bitch sex pheromones (Eau’ De Estrus®, Synbiotics USA) for the stimulation of the reproductive reflexes in adult male dogs. In experiment I: anoestral bitches were applied synthetic (n=6) or natural (n=6) pheromones and their attractiveness was compared to the attractiveness of bitches in natural oestrus, In experiment II: swabs socked in natural estrual discharge or Eau D’Estrus were presented to male dogs and behavioral arousal (Exp. II a) and changes in blood flow in the penile artery reflecting erection (Exp. II b) were recorded. In experiment III the time dedicated for sniffing in experimental dogs was analyzed in relation to the type of attractant presented (natural estrual discharge or Eau D’Estrus). In all three experiments we observed the signs of sexual arousal, increased blood flow in the penile artery and increased time of sniffing only with natural pheromones. No signs of excitation or changes in penis perfusion were noted after the use of artificial pheromones. Our results did not support the suitability of Eau D’Estrus for male dog sexual stimulation.

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Anticipation causes increased blood flow to the anterior cingulate cortex

Human Brain Mapping ◽

10.1002/(sici)1097-0193(1996)4:2<103::aid-hbm2>3.0.co;2-7 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 103-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

Susan Murtha ◽

Howard Chertkow ◽

Mario Beauregard ◽

Ron Dixon ◽

Alan Evans

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽

Cingulate Cortex ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Increased Blood Flow

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Role of adenosine in postprandial and reactive hyperemia in canine jejunum

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1992.263.4.g487 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 263 (4) ◽

pp. G487-G493 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D. R. Sawmiller ◽

C. C. Chou

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Adenosine Deaminase ◽

Reactive Hyperemia ◽

Concentration Difference ◽

Adenosine Concentration ◽

Anesthetized Dogs ◽

Series Of Experiments ◽

Increased Blood Flow

The role of adenosine in postprandial jejunal hyperemia was investigated by determining the effect of placement of predigested food into the jejunal lumen on blood flow and oxygen consumption before and during intra-arterial infusion of dipyridamole (1.5 microM arterial concn) or adenosine deaminase (9 U/ml arterial concn) in anesthetized dogs. Neither drug significantly altered resting jejunal blood flow and oxygen consumption. Before dipyridamole or deaminase, food placement increased blood flow by 30-36%, 26-42%, and 21-46%, and oxygen consumption by 13-22%, 21-22%, and 26-29%, during 0- to 3-, 4- to 7-, and 8- to 11-min placement periods, respectively. Adenosine deaminase abolished the entire 11-min hyperemia, whereas dipyridamole significantly enhanced the initial 7-min hyperemia (45-49%). Both drugs abolished the initial 7-min food-induced increase in oxygen consumption. Dipyridamole attenuated (14%), whereas deaminase did not alter (28%), the increased oxygen consumption that occurred at 8-11 min. Adenosine deaminase also prevented the food-induced increase in venoarterial adenosine concentration difference. In separate series of experiments, luminal placement of food significantly increased jejunal lymphatic adenosine concentration and release. Also, reactive hyperemia was accompanied by an increase in venous adenosine concentration and release. This study provides further evidence to support the thesis that adenosine plays a role in postprandial and reactive hyperemia in the canine jejunum.

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O006 Early vascular ageing in children with sleep disordered breathing: evidence of vascular hypertrophy and hyperplasia

SLEEP Advances ◽

10.1093/sleepadvances/zpab014.005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A3-A4

Author(s):

P Vokolos ◽

D Kennedy ◽

K Lushington ◽

J Martin ◽

D Wabnitz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Flow Velocity ◽

Blood Flow Velocity ◽

Vascular Function ◽

Arterial Wall ◽

Velocity Time Integral ◽

Sympathetic Overactivity ◽

Time Integral ◽

Vascular Ageing ◽

Increased Blood Flow

Abstract Children with sleep disordered breathing (SDB) have evidence of increased blood flow velocity and sympathetic overactivity. Sympathetic overactivity leads to peripheral vasoconstriction, increased vascular resistance and consequently, increases blood flow velocity. Early vascular ageing involves premature arterial thickening and stiffening that leads to changes in vascular function. Both increased blood flow velocity and sympathetic overactivity are promoters of arterial remodelling and hence, early vascular ageing. No studies have directly histologically investigated arterial wall structure in children with SDB and how it relates to vascular function. Thirty-six children scheduled for tonsillectomy underwent polysomnography to determine SDB severity and resting brachial artery blood flow velocity (velocity time integral and peak systolic velocity) using Doppler ultrasound. The dorsal lingual artery (tonsil) was stained using hematoxylin and eosin techniques to examine arterial wall structures. Increased velocity time integral correlated with increased arterial medial thickness (r = 0.50, P<0.01), arterial smooth muscle cells (r =0.43, P<0.05) and arterial smooth muscle layers (r=0.45, P<0.01). These relationships remained significant after controlling for body-mass index (BMI). Increased BMI was associated with increased velocity time integral (r=0.61, P<0.01), arterial medial thickness (r=0.37, P<0.05) and arterial medial area (r=0.36, P<0.05). SpO2nadir (TST/REM) was inversely associated with arterial medial area (r=-0.35; r=-0.38, P<0.05). These results demonstrate that increased blood flow velocity is associated with changes in arterial wall composition in children with SDB. This suggests that paediatric SDB, a treatable disorder, is potentially a modifiable risk factor for early vascular ageing and resultant cardiovascular disease in adulthood.

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Color-flow Doppler sonography in the differential diagnosis and management of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1080/02841850701342138 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 48 (6) ◽

pp. 628-634 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

M. Loy ◽

E. Perra ◽

A. Melis ◽

M. E. Cianchetti ◽

M. Piga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Clinical Outcome ◽

Doppler Sonography ◽

Color Flow ◽

Therapeutic Choice ◽

Color Flow Doppler Sonography ◽

Increased Blood Flow

Background: Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) may be caused by excessive thyroidal hormone synthesis and release (type 1) or by a destructive process (type 2). This differentiation is considered essential for therapeutic choice. Purpose: To evaluate the utility of color-flow Doppler sonography (CFDS) in the differential diagnosis and management of AIT. Material and Methods: The clinical and laboratory data, thyroid sonography (grayscale sonography [GSS], CFDS), thyroid radioiodine uptake (RAIU) and thyroid scintigraphy, treatment, and clinical outcome were retrospectively reviewed in 21 AIT patients. The CFDS pattern of thyroid nodules was separately described from that of the perinodular parenchyma, and AIT was classified as type 1 (increased blood flow) or type 2 (low/no blood flow). Type 1 AIT patients were treated with methimazole (alone or associated with potassium perchlorate), while type 2 patients were treated with prednisone or amiodarone withdrawal alone. Results: Eleven patients with increased blood flow were considered as type 1, and 10 with low/no blood flow as type 2. Ten of the 11 patients in the first group showed a hypervascular nodular pattern, while one showed a hypervascular parenchymal pattern. Clinical diagnoses were toxic nodular goiter and Graves' disease, respectively. Of the 10 patients with low/no blood flow, six had normal thyroid volume, three small diffuse goiter, and one small multinodular goiter. The clinical outcome showed that 20 of the 21 patients were treatment responsive. Conclusion: CFDS is a useful tool in the differential diagnosis of AIT. This differentiation appeared to be of clinical relevance as regards therapeutic choice. Separate evaluation of parenchymal blood flow from that of nodules may prove beneficial in the diagnosis of underlying thyroid diseases in patients with type 1 AIT.

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Proteomic analysis of the effects of lutein on mammary gland metabolism in dairy cows

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029918000298 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 85 (2) ◽

pp. 152-156

Author(s):

Caihong Wang ◽

Chong Wang ◽

Jianxin Liu ◽

Hongyun Liu

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Mammary Gland ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Control Diet ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Acid Oxidation ◽

Differentially Expressed Proteins ◽

Proteomic Approach ◽

Increased Blood Flow

The aim of the research reported in this Research Communication was to identify differentially expressed proteins in dairy cows with normal and lutein diet and to elucidate the mechanisms of lutein-induced effects on bovine mammary gland metabolism using a comparative proteomic approach. Thirty-three differentially expressed proteins were identified from mammary gland of control diet-fed and lutein diet-fed dairy cows. Among these proteins, 15 were upregulated and 18 were downregulated in the lutein group. Functional analysis of the differentially expressed proteins showed that increased blood flow, depressed glycolysis, enhanced lactose anabolism, decreased fatty acid oxidation and up-regulated beta lactoglobulin expression were connected with lutein addition. These results suggested that the increased blood flow, reduced glucose catabolism, enhanced capacity for milk lactose synthesis, depressed fatty acid catabolism and increased expression of antioxidantion related protein may be the prime factors contributing to the increased milk production and enhanced immune status in lutein-fed dairy cows. This study provides molecular mechanism of dietary lutein in regulating lactation of dairy cows.

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