scholarly journals Batch-produced, GIS-informed range maps for birds based on provenanced, crowd-sourced data inform conservation assessments

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259299
Author(s):  
Ryan M. Huang ◽  
Wilderson Medina ◽  
Thomas M. Brooks ◽  
Stuart H. M. Butchart ◽  
John W. Fitzpatrick ◽  
...  

Accurate maps of species ranges are essential to inform conservation, but time-consuming to produce and update. Given the pace of change of knowledge about species distributions and shifts in ranges under climate change and land use, a need exists for timely mapping approaches that enable batch processing employing widely available data. We develop a systematic approach of batch-processing range maps and derived Area of Habitat maps for terrestrial bird species with published ranges below 125,000 km2 in Central and South America. (Area of Habitat is the habitat available to a species within its range.) We combine existing range maps with the rapidly expanding crowd-sourced eBird data of presences and absences from frequently surveyed locations, plus readily accessible, high resolution satellite data on forest cover and elevation to map the Area of Habitat available to each species. Users can interrogate the maps produced to see details of the observations that contributed to the ranges. Previous estimates of Areas of Habitat were constrained within the published ranges and thus were, by definition, smaller—typically about 30%. This reflects how little habitat within suitable elevation ranges exists within the published ranges. Our results show that on average, Areas of Habitat are 12% larger than published ranges, reflecting the often-considerable extent that eBird records expand the known distributions of species. Interestingly, there are substantial differences between threatened and non-threatened species. Some 40% of Critically Endangered, 43% of Endangered, and 55% of Vulnerable species have Areas of Habitat larger than their published ranges, compared with 31% for Near Threatened and Least Concern species. The important finding for conservation is that threatened species are generally more widespread than previously estimated.

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin C. Brace ◽  
Jon Hornbuckle ◽  
James W. Pearce-Higgins

SummaryAn annotated compendium of all those bird species known to have occurred in the lowland “Man and Biosphere” Beni Biological Station (B.B.S.) reserve is provided. Previous checklists are reviewed, together with sightings accumulated over the 1992–1995 period during which approximately 70 new species have been added to the reserve inventory, bringing the total to 478. Occurrence across the 12 delineated habitats, relative abundance and sighting documentation are given for each species. The avifauna of the B.B.S. is mixed biogeographically; in addition to a substantial component of lowland birds widespread throughout South America, it is composed of Amazonian, cerrado and chaco elements also. Representation from the Bolivian Yungas is minimal. Significantly, no less than four threatened and 15 near-threatened species have occurred, including the little known Bolivian endemic Unicoloured Thrush Turdus haplochrous, and the enigmatic White-winged Nightjar Caprimulgus candicans, known until recently only from Emas National Park (Brazil). Short accounts are provided detailing records of all of these species. Birds of the reserve core, consisting largely of humid tropical forest formations inundated during the austral summer, appear not to be subjected currently to any serious environmental degradation, although some subsistence clearance by Chimane Indians in the northern reaches of the reserve gives some cause for concern. Of much greater import, however, are changes occurring outside the confines of the B.B.S. These include increasing urbanization immediately to the west (and associated road upgrading) and forest fragmentation to the south brought about by logging. The latter is especially worrying because linkage of the B.B.S. forest block to surrounding forest is already physically tenuous, and therefore it is imperative that future logging activities be geared to minimize isolation occurring and the damaging restriction of gene flow. Monitoring in rainforest immediately south of the reserve should become routine to warn of putative avifaunal impoverishments. Extensive surveying of the 2,500-ha El Porvenir éstancia (savanna and related forest islands) due to be assimilated shortly into the B.B.S., which constitutes less than 2% of the area under consideration, has shown that it is used by no less than three threatened and up to nine near-threatened species. In the absence of data relating to other savanna areas (c. 15%) at present, the exact status of each species at the B.B.S. remains imprecise and begs for further research to be undertaken. Unfortunately, present management of the El Porvenir savanna is not conducive to the long-term maximization of populations of these species, several of which have local strongholds in this part of Beni. We recommend that the current policy of cattle ranching adopted by this éstancia should cease or be reduced dramatically, to minimize grazing and trampling damage, and that measures should be taken to reduce incursions of fires started wilfully in neighbouring properties. The Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Bolivia, which administers the reserve, should be encouraged to safeguard and enhance the savanna complement further by ensuring that the impending ratification of El Porvenir proceeds as quickly as possible, and by purchasing additional tracts of land to the south of the present southern reserve boundary, where feasible. Such actions should not only secure the future of the biota of the savanna habitat within the B.B.S. but also should ameliorate the degree of isolation which has occurred already by preserving the “curiches” (former river beds) and forest islands which act as access corridors for forest-dwelling and other birds.


1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Olmos

SummarySerra da Capivara National Park covers an area of about 1,300 km2 in south-eastern Piauí, north-eastern Brazil. The park's vegetation is the endemic caatinga, with a few remnants of semi-deciduous forest in some canyons. The area has a reasonable diversity of plants, with 615 catalogued species. Since 1986, 208 bird species have been observed in the park and its buffer zone, including 10 threatened or near-threatened species, plus two recently extinct in the area. Other species are regionally rare and have declined over parts of their distribution. The park also harbours several threatened mammals and caatinga endemics. Despite having been created in 1979 the park remains effectively unprotected and unmanaged. Current levels of poaching and habitat destruction prejudice the future of several species, including some that have already vanished from other parts of the caatinga.O Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara abrange uma área de aproxidamamente 1,300 km2 no sudeste do Piauí, nordeste do Brasil. A vegetação do parque é a caatinga, com alguns enclaves de mata semi-decíua. A área possui uma razoável diversidade de plantas, com um total de 615 espécies já catalogadas. Desde 1986, um total de 208 espécies de aves foram observadas no parque e sua zona-tampão, incluindo 10 consideradas ameaçadas ou quase-ameaçadas, além de duas recentemente extintas na área. Outras espécies são regionalmente raras ou tern declinado em parte de sua área de distribuição. O parque também abriga diversos mamíferos ameaçados, e endemismos da caatinga. Apesar de ter sido criado em 1979, o parque ainda não foi consolidado e é pouco mais que um parque de papel. Com os presentes niveis de caça clandestina e destruição de habitats, diversas espécies se extinguirão, incluindo algumas já desapareddas de outras partes da caatinga.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249378
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Roberts ◽  
W. Justin Cooper ◽  
David Luther

Conservation actions such as habitat protection, restoration, and translocations are critical actions in preventing further extinctions of threatened species. We used the 152 threatened species on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature’s Red List with conservation translocations as a recommended conservation action to access the habitat quality of these species’ ranges. We determined where multi-species conservation translocation and forest restoration efforts can be concentrated. To determine the habitat quality of species’ ranges, we assessed forest cover, forest restoration potential, protected area status, and invasive species concerns. Forty-four percent (67 species) of species with translocations recommended have part of their range in a protected area, existing forest cover, and currently no invasive species risk. However, the majority (85 species) currently need habitat management (63 species), invasive species control (71 species), or protection (34 species). We also identified key differences between species recommended for reintroductions (115 species) and benign introductions (37 species), such as the percentage of a species’ range within a protected area, in which reintroductions (median = 7.4%) had more than benign introductions (median = 0.9%). Mauritius, central Africa, eastern Australia and Himalaya regions each have areas with range overlap of three or more species recommended for translocations and forest restoration potential. For those species with CT programs in place, mean forest cover was 32% and restoration potential was 16%, suggesting potential minimum habitat requirements for initial releases. Results provide a global perspective on reintroduction and translocation needs of threatened species with evidenced-based information on habitat quality, i.e. forest restoration potential, forest cover, protected areas, and invasive species control, to aid conservation translocation scientists and ultimately improve the success of such projects.


2021 ◽  
pp. 162-167
Author(s):  
Rekha Rawat ◽  

The present study deals with the observation of avifauna in the Natural habitat and their adjoining areas of Harbhajwala in Dehradun, Uttarakhand. The study was carried out between December 2018 to October 2020. We observed 114 bird species, belonging to 50 families during the study period. Out of these 97 residents and 19 winters, migratory species were identified. The percentage of resident and winter visitor avian species was found to be 84% and 16%. Then the maximum number of species recorded from the family Muscicapidae. During the observation, we observed the Egyptian Vulture and Alexandrine Parakeet as Endangered and near-threatened species respectively according to IUCN. The presence of threatened species indicates the more conservation efforts are needed in the study area.


2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham R. Fulton ◽  
Jonathan D. Majer

The decline of woodland birds that follows from habitat fragmentation, degradation and loss of connectivity is well reported in the literature. However, reports of immediate responses by birds to these events are scant. This study, in the eastern whealtbelt of Western Australia, detected that when half of a 10 ha remnant of Allocasuarina shrubland was chained (vegetation knocked over and largely killed), birds responded quickly; increaser species apparently benefited and decliner species became restricted to the remaining unchained remnant of shrubland. There was some correspondence between the trends in variety and/or abundance of arthropods with those of bird species richness. Two Near-threatened species, the White-browed Babbler Pomatostomus supercilious and the Crested Bellbird Oreoica gutturalis, were only detected in the non-chained part of the remnant. These findings clearly highlight the immediate ecological consequences of clearing of native vegetation, and highlight the importance of conserving even the smallest remaining fragments.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 14158-14165
Author(s):  
Tanveer Ahmed ◽  
Harendra Singh Bargali ◽  
Deepa Bisht ◽  
Gajendra Singh Mehra ◽  
Afifullah Khan

We surveyed water birds in Haripura-Baur Reservoir using total count method between 2013 and 2015.  A total of 65 species were recorded representing eight orders and 14 families.  Numerically Anatidae was the dominant family followed by Ardeidae and Scolopacidae.  Common Coot Fulica atra, Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina, Common Pochard Aythya ferina, Gadwall Anas strepera, and Tufted Pochard Aythya fuligula were dominant species in the reservoir.  The Shannon diversity of water birds was more or less consistent over the years and ranged between 2.56 (2013–14) and 2.23 (2015–16).  The reservoir supports water birds having declining population trends globally (41% of species), including three Vulnerable (Asian Woollyneck Ciconia episcopus, Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus, and Sarus Crane Grus antigone and four Near Threatened species (Oriental Darter Anhinga melanogaster, Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala, Black-necked Stork Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus, and River Lapwing Vanellus duvaucelii).  Bird species belong to four feeding guilds with the domination of the carnivore group.  The current information is expected to serve as preliminary database of water birds for further research and monitoring. 


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 16993-16999
Author(s):  
Paromita Ray ◽  
Giridhar Malla ◽  
Upma Manral ◽  
J.A. Johnson ◽  
K. Sivakumar

This study was carried out to record the avifaunal diversity of the riverine habitats along the Godavari River in Papikonda National Park, during a short survey conducted from 2017 to 2018.  A total of 63 bird species belonging to 25 families were recorded during the survey.  The study resulted in the recording of eight globally threatened avian species including the Endangered Black-bellied Tern Sterna acuticauda, and seven Near Threatened species, viz.: Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala, Black-headed Ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus, Great Thick Knee Esacus recurvirostris, River Lapwing Vanellus duvaucelli, Malabar Pied Hornbill Anthracoceros coronatus, Grey-headed Fish Eagle Haliaeetus ichthyaetus, and Oriental Darter Anhinga melanogaster.  Species including Black-bellied Tern Sterna acuticauda, Grey-headed Fish Eagle Haliaeetus ichthyaetus, Indian Eagle-owl Bubo bengalensis, and Black Eagle Ictinaetus malaiensis were recorded for the first time along the riverine habitats of Papikonda National Park.  Sand mining of the riverbed and discharge of effluents into the Godavari River has already negatively impacted the associated habitats and avifaunal diversity. 


1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Thorstrom ◽  
R. T. Watson

SummaryFrom mid-September 1993 to February 1994 avian species were inventoried at eight sites selected to sample the major biogeographic areas and threatened habitats of Masoala Peninsula of north-eastern Madagascar. The sites ranged from 10 to 1100 m elevation. Three forest types were inventoried: six sites included primary lowland rainforest (0–700 m), one site was characterized as moist montane forest (above 700 m), and one site was classified as littoral forest. Bird species and distribution were sampled using point counts and line transects, tree observations and opportunistic sightings; 85 avian species were detected. Line transects were the most productive technique for number of species detected. Twenty-four detected species were shared by all inventory sites. Six threatened and six near-threatened species were observed with notes on their ecology and behaviour. One endangered species, the Madagascar Serpent-eagle Eutriorchis astur, was first observed along a forest edge and then sighted several times at forest interior sites, suggesting that this secretive endangered raptor is not as rare as previously thought. Another species of indeterminate status, the Madagascar Red Owl Tyto soumagnei, was discovered by two villagers near one inventory site in modified habitat. Several rare and near-threatened species were found to be common throughout Masoala Peninsula: Scaly Ground-roller Brachypteracias squamiger, Short-legged Ground-roller B. leptosomus, Red-breasted Coua Cona serriana, Brown Mesite Mesitornis unicolor, Helmet Vanga Euryceros prcvostii, Bernier's Vanga Oriolia bernieri and Rand's Warbler Randia pseudozosterops; the last was only found along pristine riverine habitat. Three species were detected only at the high elevation montane forest: Grey-crowned Greenbul Phyllastrephus cinereiceps, Forest Rock-thrush Pseudocossyphus sharpei and Madagascar Brush-warbler Nesillas typica. Forest degradation from subsistence agriculture, shifting cultivation and fuelwood collecting threatens natural resources and biodiversity but conservation and development efforts can provide alternatives to meet the needs of the local people.Depuis la moitié du mois de septembre 1993 jusqu'au février 1994, nous avons inventorié la communauté avienne dans huit sites représentant la grande partie des habitats naturels de la Presqu'île de Masoala, Nord-Est de Madagascar. Ces sites ont des altitudes comprises entre 10 et 1100 m. Trois types de forêt ont été inventoriés: six sites de forêt primaire de basse altitude (0–700 m), un site considéré comme forêt humide de montagne (plus de 700 m), et le dernier classé comme for^t littorale. L'échantillonage était fait par point d'écoute et ligne de transect. Certains grands arbres ont été utilisés comme poste d'observation. Quatre-vingts cinq espèces d'oiseaux étaient détectées. Vingt quatre espèces sont communes aux sites inventoriés. Six espèces classées comme menacé et six autres en train de l'être sont observées avec des notes sur leur écologie et comportement. Une espèce en danger, l'Aigle serpentaire Eutriorchis astur, était observée pour la première fois le long d'une bordure forestière et puis vue plusieurs fois en pleine forèt. Ce qui suggère que cette espèce en danger et trèsdiscrète n'est pas très rare comme on a toujours pensé. Une autre espèce de statut indéterminé, l'Effraie de Soumagne Tyto soumagnei était découverte par deux villageois près d'un site d'inventaire dans un habitat dégradé. Quelques espèces rares et en train d'être menacées semblaient communes dans toute la Presqu'île de Masoala: Rollier terrestre écailleux Brachyptcracias squamiger, Rollier terrestre leptosome B. leptosomus, Coua de Serre Couci scrriana, Mésite unicolore Mesitornis unicolor, Eurycère de Prévost Euryceros prevostii, Oriolie de Bernier Oriolia bernieri et la Fauvette de Rand Randia pseudozosterops. Cette dernière se trouve seulement dans les habitats longeant les cours d'eau. Trois espèces sont seulement observées dans une forêt de haute altitude de montagne: Bulbul a tête grise Phyllastrepluis cinereiceps, Merle de roche de forêt Pseudocossyphus sharpei et la Fauvette de Madagascar Nesillas typica. La dégradation forestière causée par le besoin de surface cultivable, la culture itinérante et la collecte de bois de chauffe, menacent les ressources naturelles et la biodiversité du milieu. Seulement, la conservation en parallèle avec des efforts de développement peut fournir une alternative aux besoins de la population locale. Ceci est parmi les objectifs du Projet Masoala; cherchant des alternatives pour la population locale en même temps que la création d'un Pare National qui pourrait protéger une grande partie de bloc forestier de basse altitude de Madagascar, plus de 210.000 hectares.


Mammal Study ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paromit Chatterjee ◽  
Basudev Tripathy ◽  
Kailash Chandra ◽  
Goutam Kumar Saha ◽  
Krishnendu Mondal

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
ESTEBAN BOTERO-DELGADILLO ◽  
NICHOLAS BAYLY ◽  
CAMILA GÓMEZ ◽  
PAULO C. PULGARÍN-R. ◽  
CARLOS ANDRÉS PÁEZ

SummaryThe Santa Marta Foliage-gleaner Automolus rufipectus is one of 19 endemic bird species found in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (SNSM) in northern Colombia but until recently it was considered a sub-species of the Ruddy Foliage-gleaner Automolus rubiginosus. Consequently, published information on its distribution and ecology is lacking, and while it is classified as near- threatened, this designation was based on limited quantitative data. To improve our knowledge of the Santa Marta Foliage-gleaner’s geographical distribution, elevation range, population density, habitat use and conservation status, we analysed both historical and recent site locality records and carried out variable distance transects within forested habitats and shade coffee plantations. We modelled the environmental niche of the species and subsequently estimated its extent of occurrence and area of occupancy, as well as population size. Our results consistently showed that the distribution of the Santa Marta Foliage-gleaner is more restricted than previously considered, both geographically and by elevation (we redefine elevation range as 600–1,875 m). This suggests that the species is more at risk of habitat transformation and combined with our estimates of population size (< 10,000 individuals), it is likely that the species will be uplisted to a higher threat category. More positively, and contrary to published accounts, we found that approximately 40% of the species’ range lies within protected areas. Nevertheless, we recommend the implementation of strategies to maintain forest cover on the western flank of the SNSM and further research to better define the species’ habitat needs and population dynamics.


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