scholarly journals Plasticity of the bony carotid canal and its clinical use for assessing negative remodeling of the internal carotid artery

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261235
Author(s):  
Yuki Oichi ◽  
Yohei Mineharu ◽  
Yuji Agawa ◽  
Takaaki Morimoto ◽  
Takeshi Funaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Moyamoya Disease ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Artery Ligation ◽  
Canal Area ◽  
Carotid Canal ◽  
Canal Diameter

Background and objective It has long been believed that the bony carotid canal has no plasticity and that a small canal represents a hypoplastic internal carotid artery. We aimed to show whether the carotid canal can narrow according to morphological changes in the internal carotid artery. Materials and methods The carotid canal diameter was longitudinally measured in seven individuals who underwent carotid artery ligation. As moyamoya disease is known to be associated with negative remodeling of the internal carotid artery, the carotid canal diameter was measured in 106 patients with moyamoya disease, and an association with the outer diameter of the internal carotid artery or a correlation with the disease stage was investigated. The carotid canal was measured by computed tomography (106 patients), and the outer diameter of the artery was measured by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (63 patients). The carotid canal area was calculated by the product of the maximum axial diameter and its perpendicular diameter. Results All seven patients who underwent carotid artery ligation showed narrowing of the carotid canal, and the carotid canal area decreased by 12.2%–28.9% during a mean follow-up period of 4.2 years. In patients with moyamoya disease, the carotid canal area showed a linear correlation with the outer area of the internal carotid artery (r = 0.657, p < 0.001), and a negative correlation with the disease stage (ρ = −0.283, p < 0.001). Conclusion The bony carotid canal has plasticity, and its area reflects the outer area of the internal carotid artery, therefore, it can be used to assess the remodeling of the carotid artery. A narrow carotid canal may not necessarily indicate hypoplastic internal carotid artery.

Bottle Neck Sign of the Proximal Portion of the Internal Carotid Artery in Moyamoya Disease

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1547-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Yasaka ◽  
Toshiyasu Ogata ◽  
Kotaro Yasumori ◽  
Tooru Inoue ◽  
Yasushi Okada
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Moyamoya Disease ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Proximal Portion ◽  
Bottle Neck

Embolic stroke after carotid artery ligation during carotid body tumor resection

Vascular ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Hyangkyoung Kim ◽  
Yong-Pil Cho ◽  
Ki-Myung Moon ◽  
Tae-Won Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Body ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Antiplatelet Agents ◽  
Carotid Body Tumor ◽  
Tumor Surgery ◽  
Artery Ligation ◽  
Carotid Artery Ligation

This report describes a case of a delayed cerebral embolic infarction, after internal carotid artery (ICA) ligation secondary to carotid body tumor resection. We describe a 34-year-old woman who underwent left ICA ligation during a large carotid body tumor surgery. Immediately after surgery, the patient was neurologically asymptomatic; however, she subsequently developed a cerebral embolic infarction nine hours postoperatively. After beginning antiplatelet therapy, all symptoms ultimately resolved, although over a gradual course. Since the ligation of the ICA can cause thromboembolic infarctions of the cerebrum, we contend that antiplatelet agents be administered to prevent and/or treat embolic strokes.

scholarly journals Skull shape abnormalities in ischemic cerebrovascular and mental diseases in adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaya Nagaishi ◽  
Yoshiko Fujii ◽  
Yoshiki Sugiura ◽  
Kensuke Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Moyamoya Disease ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis ◽  
Skull Shape ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
Cervical Internal Carotid Artery

AbstractMorphological changes in the child skull due to mechanical and metabolic stimulation and synostosis of the suture are well known. On the other hand, few studies have focused on clinical conditions relevant for adult skull deformity. We retrospectively reviewed computed tomography (CT) findings obtained from 365 cases that were treated for head injuries, moyamoya disease, cervical internal carotid artery stenosis, and mental diseases, and investigated the morphological changes in the skull associated with these diseases. The findings from head injuries were used not only for control subjects, but also for the analysis of generational changes in skull shape based on birth year. Head shape had a brachiocephalic tendency with occipital flattening in people born from the 1950s onwards. Cases of moyamoya disease, cervical internal carotid artery stenosis, and mental diseases showed significantly thicker frontal and occipital bone than those of control subjects. The skull thickening was especially noticeable in the frontal bone in moyamoya disease. Plagiocephaly was significantly frequent in moyamoya disease. These uncommon skull shapes are useful CT findings in screening subjects for early evidence of mental diseases and intracranial ischemic diseases with arterial stenosis.

Microsurgical Anatomy and Surgical Exposure of the Petrous Segment of the Internal Carotid Artery

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (suppl_4) ◽  
pp. ONS210-ONS239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeyuki Osawa ◽  
Albert L. Rhoton ◽  
Necmettin Tanriover ◽  
Satoru Shimizu ◽  
Kiyotaka Fujii
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Sphenoid Sinus ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Common Trunk ◽  
Microsurgical Anatomy ◽  
Carotid Canal ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
Arteries And Veins

Abstract Objective: The petrous segment of the internal carotid artery has been exposed in the transpetrosal, subtemporal, infratemporal, transnasal, transmaxillary, transfacial, and a variety of transcranial approaches. The objective of the current study was to examine anatomic features of the petrous carotid and its branches as related to the variety of approaches currently being used for its exposure. Methods: Twenty middle fossae from adult cadaveric specimens were examined using magnification of ×3 to ×40 after injection of the arteries and veins with colored silicone. Results: The petrous carotid extends from the entrance into the carotid canal of the petrous part of the temporal bone to its termination at the level of the petrolingual ligament laterally and the lateral wall of the sphenoid sinus medially. The petrous carotid from caudal to rostral was divided into 5 segments: posterior vertical, posterior genu, horizontal, anterior genu, and anterior vertical. Fourteen (70%) of the 20 petrous carotids had branches. The branch that arose from the petrous carotid was either a vidian or periosteal artery or a common trunk that gave rise to both a vidian and 1 or more periosteal arteries. The most frequent branch was a periosteal artery. Conclusion: An understanding of the complex relationships of the petrous carotid provides the basis for surgically accessing any 1 or more of its 5 segments.

Transoral Endoscopic Localization of the Parapharyngeal Internal Carotid Artery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoliang Zhang ◽  
Xia Zhao ◽  
Guangbin Sun ◽  
Nan Gao ◽  
Pengcheng Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Transoral Approach ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Carotid Canal ◽  
Bony Landmarks ◽  
The Right ◽  
Maxillary Tuberosity

Abstract Objectives To define transoral endoscopic surgical landmarks for the parapharyngeal segment of the internal carotid artery (ppICA) using cadaveric dissection. Materials and Methods Ten fresh cadaveric heads were dissected to demonstrate the parapharyngeal space anatomy and course of the ppICA as seen in a transoral approach. Anatomical measurements of the distance between the ppICA and bony landmarks were recorded and analyzed. Results The stylohyoid ligament, styloglossus, and stylopharyngeus could be considered to be the safe anterior boundary of the ppICA in the transoral approach; among them, the styloid ligament was the most rigid tissue. Dissection between the stylopharyngeus muscle and superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle provides direct access to the ppICA. At the level of the skull base, the distance from the root of the styloid process to the lateral margin of the external aperture of the carotid canal on the left side and on the right side was 8.57 ± 1.97 and 8.80 ± 1.21 mm, respectively. At the level of the maxillary tuberosity, the distance from the ppICA to the maxillary tuberosity on the left side and on the right side was 31.48 ± 2.24 and 31.01 ± 2.88 mm, respectively. Conclusion The endoscopic-assisted transoral approach can facilitate exposure of the ppICA. The root of the styloid process, styloid ligament, and maxillary tuberosity are critical landmarks in the identification of the ppICA in the transoral approach.

Orbital Vascular And Lymphatic Systems

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Jordan ◽  
Louise Mawn ◽  
Richard L. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Cavernous Sinus ◽  
Ophthalmic Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Fibers ◽  
Carotid Canal ◽  
Cervical Ganglion

The anatomy of the orbital vascular bed is complex, with tremendous individual variation. The main arterial supply to the orbit is from the ophthalmic artery, a branch of the internal carotid artery. The external carotid artery normally contributes only to a small extent. However, there are a number of orbital branches of the ophthalmic artery that anastomose with adjacent branches from the external carotid artery, creating important anastomotic communications between the internal and external carotid arterial systems. The venous drainage of the orbit occurs mainly via two ophthalmic veins (superior and inferior) that extend to the cavernous sinus, but there are also connections with the pterygoid plexus of veins, as well as some more anteriorly through the angular vein and the infraorbital vein to the facial vein. A working knowledge of the orbital vasculature and lymphatic systems is important during orbital, extraocular, or ocular surgery. Knowing the anatomy of the blood supply helps one avoid injury to the arteries and veins during operative procedures within the orbit or the eyelid. Inadvertent injury to the vasculature not only distorts the anatomy and disrupts a landmark but also prolongs the surgery and might compromise blood flow to an important orbital or ocular structure. Upon entering the cranium, the internal carotid artery passes through the petrous portion of the temporal bone in the carotid canal and enters the cavernous sinus and middle cranial fossa through the superior part of the forame lacerum . It proceeds forward in the cavernous sinus with the abducens nerve along its side. There it is surrounded by sympathetic nerve fibers (the carotid plexus ) derived from the superior cervical ganglion. It then makes an upward S-shaped turn to form the carotid siphon , passing just medial to the oculomotor, trochlear, and ophthalmic nerves (V1). After turning superiorly in the anterior cavernous sinus, the carotid artery perforates the dura at the medial aspect of the anterior clinoid process and turns posteriorly, inferior to the optic nerve.

scholarly journals Symptomatic Internal Carotid Agenesis in Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Abdullah Alhaizaey ◽  
Ibrahim Alhelali ◽  
Musaed Alghamdi ◽  
Ahmed Azazy ◽  
Mohammed A. Samir
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Anomaly ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Rare Congenital Anomaly ◽  
Carotid Canal

Carotid artery agenesis is a rare congenital anomaly, and there are controversies in the leading cause for it. We present a 6-year-old girl with resolved focal neurological ischemic stroke that showed bilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) agenesis. Through this paper, we highlight the carotid canal congenital obliteration hypothesis as it may be a risk for such finding.

scholarly journals Origins and Pathways of Cerebrovascular Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide-Positive Nerves in Rat

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 697-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norihiro Suzuki ◽  
Jan Erik Hardebo ◽  
Christer Owman
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide ◽  
Basilar Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Sphenopalatine Ganglion ◽  
Cerebral Blood Vessels ◽  
Carotid Canal

In order to clarify the origins and pathways of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VlP)-containing nerve fibers in cerebral blood vessels of rat, denervation experiments and retrograde axonal tracing methods (true blue) were used. Numerous VIP-positive nerve cells were recognized in the sphenopalatine ganglion and in a mini-ganglion (internal carotid mini-ganglion) located on the internal carotid artery in the carotid canal, where the parasympathetic greater superficial petrosal nerve is joined by the sympathetic fibers from the internal carotid nerve, to form the Vidian nerve. VIP fiber bridges in the greater deep petrosal nerve and the internal carotid nerve reached the wall of the internal carotid artery. Two weeks after bilateral removal of the sphenopalatine ganglion or sectioning of the structures in the ethmoidal foramen, VIP fibers in the anterior part of the circle of Willis completely disappeared. Very few remained in the middle cerebral artery, the posterior cerebral artery, and rostral two-thirds of the basilar artery, whereas they remained in the caudal one-third of the basilar artery, the vertebral artery, and intracranial and carotid canal segments of the internal carotid artery. One week after application of true blue to the middle cerebral artery, dye accumulated in the ganglion cells in the sphenopalatine, otic and internal carotid mini-ganglion; some of the cells were positive for VIP. The results show that the VIP nerves in rat cerebral blood vessels originate: (a) in the sphenopalatine, and otic ganglion to innervate the circle of Willis and its branches from anterior and caudally and (b) from the internal carotid mini-ganglion to innervate the internal carotid artery at the level of the carotid canal and to some extent its intracranial extensions.

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