scholarly journals Presumptive Arrest in Partner Assault: Use of Discretion and Problems of Compliance in the New Zealand Police

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Cross ◽  
Greg Newbold
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
The United States ◽  
Arrest Rates ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Incident Reports ◽  
Arrest Policies ◽  
Partner Assault

Since pro-arrest policies in domestic violence became popular in the United States in the 1980s, numerous western countries have followed suit. In most cases, research has shown that implementation of the policies has fallen short of expectations, with arrest rates that are surprisingly low. In New Zealand, pro–arrest strategies have been employed since 1987 and results have been similar. This article argues that one of the reasons for noncompliance in New Zealand (and probably elsewhere), is that the complexities of domestic violence situations make pro–arrest difficult to apply in practice. Moreover, in order to protect themselves from official criticism for deviating from policy, in this study frontline police sometimes filed incomplete or inaccurate incident reports. This made it hard to determine exactly how well the policy was being implemented and whether or not it was working.

Southeast Asians in the United States

1987 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Bell ◽  
Michael Whiteford
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Change ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asian Origin ◽  
Southeast Asians ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Indochinese Refugees ◽  
Origin Group

Since 1975 about 1.5 million Indochinese have been granted asylum in Western countries, with about half of them coming to the United States. If all of the different ethnic groups (Cambodian, Vietnamese, Chinese-Vietnamese, Hmong, Lao, Tat Dam) are taken together, the Indochinese are now the largest Asian-origin group in the United States. Other countries taking substantial numbers of Indochinese refugees are Australia, Canada, New Zealand, France and Norway. The following papers look at Indochinese refugees in the United States and examine the roles anthropologists have played in studying as well as assisting in the often difficult process of social change and adjustment.

Faith and Engaged Scholarship in the New Millennium

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. i-iii
Author(s):  
Rich Janzen ◽  
Alisha Pomazon ◽  
Christopher Hrynkow
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Middle East ◽  
United Nations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Turn Of The Millennium ◽  
Engaged Scholarship ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Southern Asia ◽  
New Millennium

Despite the prominence of the “secularization thesis” among academics prior to the turn of the millennium, religion is not in decline worldwide. The Pew Research Center’s (2015) estimates show that until at least 2050 the number of people practicing a religion is expected to grow globally, particularly in Africa, the Middle East, and southern Asia. Democratic trends mean these regions are likely to remain major sources of immigrants to Western countries (United Nations 2015). These trends will supplement other trends towards growing religiosity in immigrant-receiving countries such as Canada, the United States, New Zealand, and Australia. Given such demographics, this issue is timely. This issue brings a community-engaged perspective into the dialogue concerning how to properly understand the place of faith in contemporary societies (Ager et al. 2015; Bramadat and Biles 2005; Cnaan and Boddie 2006).

Effectiveness of Programs for the Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaia Del Campo ◽  
Marisalva Fávero
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sexual Abuse Prevention ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Methodological Considerations

Abstract. During the last decades, several studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of sexual abuse prevention programs implemented in different countries. In this article, we present a review of 70 studies (1981–2017) evaluating prevention programs, conducted mostly in the United States and Canada, although with a considerable presence also in other countries, such as New Zealand and the United Kingdom. The results of these studies, in general, are very promising and encourage us to continue this type of intervention, almost unanimously confirming its effectiveness. Prevention programs encourage children and adolescents to report the abuse experienced and they may help to reduce the trauma of sexual abuse if there are victims among the participants. We also found that some evaluations have not considered the possible negative effects of this type of programs in the event that they are applied inappropriately. Finally, we present some methodological considerations as critical analysis to this type of evaluations.

More than victims: Resiliency of undocumented Latinas near Chicago, United States, and the strategic use of psychological suffering in obtaining legal status

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-368
Author(s):  
Stephanie Jean Kohl
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immigration Law ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Psychological Suffering ◽  
Visa Application ◽  
Biological Citizenship

Caught between abusive partners and restrictive immigration law, many undocumented Latina women are vulnerable to domestic violence in the United States. This article analyzes the U-Visa application process experienced by undocumented immigrant victims of domestic violence and their legal advisors in a suburb of Chicago, United States. Drawing on theoretical concepts of structural violence and biological citizenship, the article highlights the strategic use of psychological suffering related to domestic violence by applicants for such visas. It also investigates the complex intersection between immigration law and a humanitarian clause that creates a path towards legal status and eventual citizenship.

scholarly journals The use of mechanical restraint in Pacific Rim countries: an international epidemiological study

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Newton-Howes ◽  
M. K. Savage ◽  
R. Arnold ◽  
T. Hasegawa ◽  
V. Staggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pacific Rim ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Mechanical Restraint ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Bed Days ◽  
Compare And Contrast

Abstract Aims The use of mechanical restraint is a challenging area for psychiatry. Although mechanical restraint remains accepted as standard practice in some regions, there are ethical, legal and medical reasons to minimise or abolish its use. These concerns have intensified following the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Despite national policies to reduce use, the reporting of mechanical restraint has been poor, hampering a reasonable understanding of the epidemiology of restraint. This paper aims to develop a consistent measure of mechanical restraint and compare the measure within and across countries in the Pacific Rim. Methods We used the publicly available data from four Pacific Rim countries (Australia, New Zealand, Japan and the United States) to compare and contrast the reported rates of mechanical restraint. Summary measures were computed so as to enable international comparisons. Variation within each jurisdiction was also analysed. Results International rates of mechanical restraint in 2017 varied from 0.03 (New Zealand) to 98.9 (Japan) restraint events per million population per day, a variation greater than 3000-fold. Restraint in Australia (0.17 events per million) and the United States (0.37 events per million) fell between these two extremes. Variation as measured by restraint events per 1000 bed-days was less extreme but still substantial. Within all four countries there was also significant variation in restraint across districts. Variation across time did not show a steady reduction in restraint in any country during the period for which data were available (starting from 2003 at the earliest). Conclusions Policies to reduce or abolish mechanical restraint do not appear to be effecting change. It is improbable that the variation in restraint within the four examined Pacific Rim countries is accountable for by psychopathology. Greater efforts at reporting, monitoring and carrying out interventions to achieve the stated aim of reducing restraint are urgently needed.

scholarly journals A perfect symbiosis: Curaçao, the Netherlands and financial offshore services, 1951–2013

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Tijn van Beurden ◽  
Joost Jonker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tax Treaties ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Financial Centre ◽  
The One

Analysing Curaçao as an offshore financial centre from its inception to its gradual decline, we find that it originated and evolved in close concert with the demand for such services from Western countries. Dutch banks and multinationals spearheaded the creation of institutions on the island facilitating tax avoidance. In this they were aided and abetted by their government, which firmly supported the Antilles in getting access to bilateral tax treaties, notably the one with the United States. Until the mid 1980s Curaçao flourished, but then found it increasingly difficult to keep a competitive advantage over other offshore centres. Meanwhile the Curaçao connection had enabled the Netherlands to turn itself into a hub for international revenue flows that today still feed both Dutch tax income and specialised financial, legal and accounting services.

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