Assessing Care and Support Needs for Children With Acquired Brain Injury: Normative Data for the Paediatric Care and Needs Scale (PCANS)

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Soo ◽  
Robyn L. Tate ◽  
Vicki Anderson ◽  
Mary-Clare Waugh
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Support Needs ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Essential Point ◽  
Paediatric Care

AbstractIntroduction:The Paediatric Care and Needs Scale (PCANS) was developed to address the dearth of scales currently available for measuring support needs of children with acquired brain injury (ABI). The scale assesses environmental supports (both supervision and physical assistance) across 14 domains of everyday activities from support for personal hygiene to participation in leisure and social activities. This study aimed to determine support needs in typically developing children using the PCANS in a normative sample of Australian children.Methods:Participants were parents of typically developing children aged 5–14 years (N= 300) recruited from a range of schools in metropolitan Melbourne. Children with ABI, diagnosis of a neurological or developmental disorder, or significant medical condition were excluded. Thirty parents of children in each of 10 age levels, with approximately equal sex ratio were recruited.Results:Findings suggest that support needs vary according to age of the child (p< .01) but not sex of child or occupational status of the parent. Additionally, children were found to have significantly higher support needs for supervision compared with physical assistance across most of the domains of the PCANS (p< .01). A greater number of age differences across PCANS domains were also found in younger children (5 to 7 and 8 to 11 years) compared to the older age group (age 12–14 years).Conclusions:This study reports normative data for the PCANS using a sample of children stratified by age. Findings will provide an essential point of reference to help guide clinical interpretation of the PCANS for assessing support needs of children with ABI.

scholarly journals Participant Factors That Contribute to Magnetic Resonance Imaging Motion Artifacts in Children With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury or Orthopedic Injury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley L. Ware ◽  
Ayushi Shukla ◽  
Sunny Guo ◽  
Adrian Onicas ◽  
Bryce L. Geeraert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Motion Artifacts ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Images ◽  
Orthopedic Injury ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
And Diffusion

Abstract Background: Motion can compromise image quality and confound results, especially in pediatric research. This study evaluated qualitative and quantitative approaches to motion artifacts detection and correction, and whether motion artifacts relate to injury history, age, or sex in children with mild traumatic brain injury or orthopedic injury relative to typically developing children. The concordance between qualitative and quantitative motion ratings was also examined.Method: Children aged 8-16 years with mild traumatic brain injury (n=141) or orthopedic injury (n=73) were recruited from the emergency department and completed an MRI scan roughly 2 weeks post-injury. Typically developing children (n=41) completed a single MRI scan. T1- and diffusion-weighted images were visually inspected and rated for motion artifacts by trained examiners. Quantitative estimates of motion artifacts were derived from FreeSurfer and FSL. Results: Age (younger > older) and sex (boys > girls) were significantly associated with motion artifacts on both T1- and diffusion-weighted images. Children with mild traumatic brain or orthopedic injury had significantly more motion-corrupted diffusion-weighted volumes than typically developing children, but mild traumatic brain injury and orthopedic injury groups did not differ from each other. The exclusion of motion-corrupted volumes did not significantly change diffusion tensor imaging metrics. Discussion: Results indicate that automated quantitative estimates of motion artifacts, which are less labour-intensive than manual methods, are appropriate. Results have implications for the reliability of structural magnetic resonance imaging research and highlight the importance of considering motion artifacts in studies of pediatric mild traumatic brain injury.

scholarly journals Effect of Dual-Task Conditions on Gait Performance during Timed Up and Go Test in Children with Traumatic Brain Injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Rabiatul Adawiah Abdul Rahman ◽  
Fazira Rafi ◽  
Fazah Akhtar Hanapiah ◽  
Azlina Wati Nikmat ◽  
Nor Azira Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Gait Performance ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Task Conditions

Background. Tasks requiring simultaneous mobility and cognition (dual tasks) have been associated with incidence of falls. Although these deficits have been documented in individuals with neurologic disorder, the effect of dual task in children with traumatic brain injury has not been fully explored. Objective. To investigate the effect of dual-task (dual-motor and dual-cognitive task) conditions on spatiotemporal gait parameters during timed up and go test in children with traumatic brain injury. Methods and Material. A total of 14 children with traumatic brain injury and 21 typically developing children participated in this case-control study. Functional balance was assessed before the actual testing to predict the risk of falls. Timed up and go test was performed under single-task and dual-task (dual-motor and dual-cognitive task) conditions. Spatiotemporal gait parameters were determined using the APDM Mobility Lab system. The descriptive statistics and t-test were used to analyze demographic characteristics and repeated measure ANOVA test was used to analyze the gait parameters. Results. Under dual-task (dual-motor and dual-cognitive task) conditions during the timed up and go test, gait performance significantly deteriorated. Furthermore, the total time to complete the timed up and go test, stride velocity, cadence, and step time during turning were significantly different between children with traumatic brain injury and typically developing children. Conclusions. These findings suggest that gait parameters were compromised under dual-task conditions in children with traumatic brain injury. Dual-task conditions may become a component of gait training to ensure a complete and comprehensive rehabilitation program.

People Under 50 With Acquired Brain Injury Living in Residential Aged Care

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianne Winkler ◽  
Sue Sloan ◽  
Libby Callaway
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Community Integration ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Support Networks ◽  
Residential Aged Care ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Support Needs ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Care Needs

AbstractObjectives:The aim of this article is to describe the characteristics, needs and preferences of people under 50 with an acquired brain injury (ABI) living in residential aged care in Victoria and examine implications for service development.Participants:Sixty-one people under 50 with an ABI living in residential aged care in the state of Victoria.Measures:Care and Needs Scale, Community Integration Questionnaire, Overt Behaviour Scale, Health of the Nation Outcome Scale — ABI Version, Role Checklist, Resident Choice Scale.Results:The younger people with ABI in this study were a diverse group with a complex range of health and support needs that were not being adequately met within residential aged care. Many people (44%) required the highest level of support, indicating they could not be left alone while 26% could be left for part of the day and overnight. Most people (81%) and their support networks indicated they would like to explore moving out from residential aged care into community accommodation settings.Conclusions:This article provides clear direction for the development of services to meet the care needs of this group, to enable them to participate in the life of the community and to pursue a lifestyle of choice.

scholarly journals The Use of Therapeutic Music Training to Remediate Cognitive Impairment Following an Acquired Brain Injury: The Theoretical Basis and a Case Study

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Cheryl Jones
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Digit Symbol ◽  
Music Training ◽  
Trail Making

Cognitive impairment is the most common sequelae following an acquired brain injury (ABI) and can have profound impact on the life and rehabilitation potential for the individual. The literature demonstrates that music training results in a musician’s increased cognitive control, attention, and executive functioning when compared to non-musicians. Therapeutic Music Training (TMT) is a music therapy model which uses the learning to play an instrument, specifically the piano, to engage and place demands on cognitive networks in order to remediate and improve these processes following an acquired brain injury. The underlying theory for the efficacy of TMT as a cognitive rehabilitation intervention is grounded in the literature of cognition, neuroplasticity, and of the increased attention and cognitive control of musicians. This single-subject case study is an investigation into the potential cognitive benefit of TMT and can be used to inform a future more rigorous study. The participant was an adult male diagnosed with cognitive impairment as a result of a severe brain injury following an automobile accident. Pre- and post-tests used standardized neuropsychological measures of attention: Trail Making A and B, Digit Symbol, and the Brown– Peterson Task. The treatment period was twelve months. The results of Trail Making Test reveal improved attention with a large decrease in test time on both Trail Making A (−26.88 s) and Trail Making B (−20.33 s) when compared to normative data on Trail Making A (−0.96 s) and Trail Making B (−3.86 s). Digit Symbol results did not reveal any gains and indicated a reduction (−2) in free recall of symbols. The results of the Brown–Peterson Task reveal improved attention with large increases in the correct number of responses in the 18-s delay (+6) and the 36-s delay (+7) when compared with normative data for the 18-s delay (+0.44) and the 36-s delay (−0.1). There is sparse literature regarding music based cognitive rehabilitation and a gap in the literature between experimental research and clinical work. The purpose of this paper is to present the theory for Therapeutic Music Training (TMT) and to provide a pilot case study investigating the potential efficacy of TMT to remediate cognitive impairment following an ABI.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Long-term Community-based Support Following Severe Acquired Brain Injury

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Ownsworth ◽  
Merrill Turpin ◽  
Glenys Carlson ◽  
Julie-Anne Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Support Needs ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Severe Acquired Brain Injury

AbstractMany individuals require long-term community-based support following acquired brain injury (ABI). However, very few studies have examined individuals' perceptions of these support needs. The present exploratory study examined individuals' perceptions of community-based support following severe ABI. Participants included eight individuals (aged 20–48 years) with severe ABI, seven relatives and three case managers. The individuals were receiving long-term specialised lifestyle support ranging from 3–70 hours per week. A structured interview with open and closed questions was developed to explore perceptions of individuals' support needs across the areas of personal and home-based activities, community-based activities, self-organisation and vocational activities and social and psychological well-being. The questions investigated whether support was needed, the importance of support, the sources of support, the effectiveness of support and the need for change. A comparison of the three respondent groups' perceptions of support indicated a general consensus that community-based activities were the most important and most effective area of support. When the issues raised by the three respondent groups were compared and contrasted two main themes emerged from the data, which were labelled “relationships” and “individual choice versus support needs”. These themes are discussed in relation to the provision of long-term community-based support services following ABI.

Perceived service and support needs during transition from hospital to home following acquired brain injury

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 818-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin James Turner ◽  
Jennifer Fleming ◽  
Tamara Ownsworth ◽  
Petrea Cornwell
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Support Needs ◽  
Hospital To Home
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document