scholarly journals The Use of Therapeutic Music Training to Remediate Cognitive Impairment Following an Acquired Brain Injury: The Theoretical Basis and a Case Study

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Cheryl Jones
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Digit Symbol ◽  
Music Training ◽  
Trail Making

Cognitive impairment is the most common sequelae following an acquired brain injury (ABI) and can have profound impact on the life and rehabilitation potential for the individual. The literature demonstrates that music training results in a musician’s increased cognitive control, attention, and executive functioning when compared to non-musicians. Therapeutic Music Training (TMT) is a music therapy model which uses the learning to play an instrument, specifically the piano, to engage and place demands on cognitive networks in order to remediate and improve these processes following an acquired brain injury. The underlying theory for the efficacy of TMT as a cognitive rehabilitation intervention is grounded in the literature of cognition, neuroplasticity, and of the increased attention and cognitive control of musicians. This single-subject case study is an investigation into the potential cognitive benefit of TMT and can be used to inform a future more rigorous study. The participant was an adult male diagnosed with cognitive impairment as a result of a severe brain injury following an automobile accident. Pre- and post-tests used standardized neuropsychological measures of attention: Trail Making A and B, Digit Symbol, and the Brown– Peterson Task. The treatment period was twelve months. The results of Trail Making Test reveal improved attention with a large decrease in test time on both Trail Making A (−26.88 s) and Trail Making B (−20.33 s) when compared to normative data on Trail Making A (−0.96 s) and Trail Making B (−3.86 s). Digit Symbol results did not reveal any gains and indicated a reduction (−2) in free recall of symbols. The results of the Brown–Peterson Task reveal improved attention with large increases in the correct number of responses in the 18-s delay (+6) and the 36-s delay (+7) when compared with normative data for the 18-s delay (+0.44) and the 36-s delay (−0.1). There is sparse literature regarding music based cognitive rehabilitation and a gap in the literature between experimental research and clinical work. The purpose of this paper is to present the theory for Therapeutic Music Training (TMT) and to provide a pilot case study investigating the potential efficacy of TMT to remediate cognitive impairment following an ABI.

scholarly journals Enactive Approach and Dual-Tasks for the Treatment of Severe Behavioral and Cognitive Impairment in a Person with Acquired Brain Injury: A Case Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Martínez-Pernía ◽  
David Huepe ◽  
Daniela Huepe-Artigas ◽  
Rut Correia ◽  
Sergio García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Dual Tasks ◽  
Enactive Approach

Investigating music-based cognitive rehabilitation for individuals with moderate to severe chronic acquired brain injury: A feasibility experiment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Cheryl Jones ◽  
Nicole Richard ◽  
Michael Thaut
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Digit Symbol ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Attention Process Training

BACKGROUND: Acquired brain injuries often cause cognitive impairment, significantly impacting participation in rehabilitation and activities of daily living. Music can influence brain function, and thus may serve as a uniquely powerful cognitive rehabilitation intervention. OBJECTIVE: This feasibility study investigated the potential effectiveness of music-based cognitive rehabilitation for adults with chronic acquired brain injury. METHODS: The control group participated in three Attention Process Training (APT) sessions, while the experimental group participated in three Music Attention Control Training (MACT) sessions. Pre-and post- testing used the Trail Making A & B, Digit Symbol, and Brown-Peterson Task as neuropsychological tests. RESULTS: ANOVA analyses showed no significant difference between groups for Trail A Test, Digit Symbol, and Brown-Peterson Task. Trail B showed significant differences at post-test favouring MACT over APT. The mean difference time between pre-and post-tests for the Trail B Test was also significantly different between APT and MACT in favour of MACT using a two-sample t-test as well as a follow-up nonparametric Mann Whitney U-test. CONCLUSIONS: The group differences found in the Trail B tests provided preliminary evidence for the efficacy of MACT to arouse and engage attention in adults with acquired brain injury.

scholarly journals Addressing a continuum of recovery after acquired brain injury

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS A. NOVACK ◽  
BRICK JOHNSTONE
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Spontaneous Recovery ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Injured Brain ◽  
Opportune Time

In their dialogue published in JINS, Wilson (1997) and Prigatano (1997) have eloquently and concisely presented the challenges facing neuropsychology with respect to cognitive rehabilitation. However, both authors neglect two important issues that must be addressed if people with cognitive disorders are to be effectively treated. First, cognitive impairment must be treated during the acute stages of recovery; as to ignore cognitive deficits until patients are more fully recovered may bypass an opportune time for intervention. Evidence is mounting that the injured brain adapts to the losses sustained and that the adaptation will be enhanced by increasing interaction with the environment, as compared to more passive states (Johansson & Ohlsson, 1996; Stein et al., 1995). Given such information, it is difficult to justify withholding cognitive stimulation and remediation from people during acute stages of recovery and instead awaiting a point when spontaneous recovery (presumably) will be complete.

scholarly journals Neuropsychological Assessments of Patients With Acquired Brain Injury: A Cluster Analysis Approach to Address Heterogeneity in Web-Based Cognitive Rehabilitation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro García-Rudolph ◽  
Alberto García-Molina ◽  
Eloy Opisso ◽  
Josep María Tormos ◽  
Vince I. Madai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
R Package ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Cluster 2

We aimed to (1) apply cluster analysis techniques to mixed-type data (numerical and categorical) from baseline neuropsychological standard and widely used assessments of patients with acquired brain injury (ABI) (2) apply state-of-the-art cluster validity indexes (CVI) to assess their internal validity (3) study their external validity considering relevant aspects of ABI rehabilitation such as functional independence measure (FIM) in activities of daily life assessment (4) characterize the identified profiles by using demographic and clinically relevant variables and (5) extend the external validation of the obtained clusters to all cognitive rehabilitation tasks executed by the participants in a web-based cognitive rehabilitation platform (GNPT). We analyzed 1,107 patients with ABI, 58.1% traumatic brain injury (TBI), 21.8% stroke and 20.1% other ABIs (e.g., brain tumors, anoxia, infections) that have undergone inpatient GNPT cognitive rehabilitation from September 2008 to January 2021. We applied the k-prototypes algorithm from the clustMixType R package. We optimized seven CVIs and applied bootstrap resampling to assess clusters stability (fpc R package). Clusters' post hoc comparisons were performed using the Wilcoxon ranked test, paired t-test or Chi-square test when appropriate. We identified a three-clusters optimal solution, with strong stability (>0.85) and structure (e.g., Silhouette > 0.60, Gamma > 0.83), characterized by distinctive level of performance in all neuropsychological tests, demographics, FIM, response to GNPT tasks and tests normative data (e.g., the 3 min cut-off in Trail Making Test-B). Cluster 1 was characterized by severe cognitive impairment (N = 254, 22.9%) the mean age was 47 years, 68.5% patients with TBI and 22% with stroke. Cluster 2 was characterized by mild cognitive impairment (N = 376, 33.9%) mean age 54 years, 53.5% patients with stroke and 27% other ABI. Cluster 3, moderate cognitive impairment (N = 477, 43.2%) mean age 33 years, 83% patients with TBI and 14% other ABI. Post hoc analysis on cognitive FIM supported a significant higher performance of Cluster 2 vs. Cluster 3 (p < 0.001), Cluster 2 vs. Cluster 1 (p < 0.001) and Cluster 3 vs. Cluster 1 (p < 0.001). All patients executed 286,798 GNPT tasks, with performance significantly higher in Cluster 2 and 3 vs. Cluster 1 (p < 0.001).

scholarly journals Artificial metaplasticity prediction model for cognitive rehabilitation outcome in acquired brain injury patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Marcano-Cedeño ◽  
Paloma Chausa ◽  
Alejandro García ◽  
César Cáceres ◽  
Josep M. Tormos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Rehabilitation Outcome

Returning to work after acquired brain injury: A mixed method case study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Valerie Burke ◽  
Laura O’Rourke ◽  
Emer Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Work Skills ◽  
Mixed Methods Case Study ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Returning To Work

BACKGROUND: Vocation is a meaningful area of rehabilitation after Acquired Brain Injury (ABI). There is a discrepancy between the number of individuals with an ABI who feel able to work and those who are employed in Ireland. Research suggests that Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) programs enhance Return to Work (RTW) outcomes after ABI, however existing literature is limited. OBJECTIVE: This study explores the experience of engaging in VR post ABI, and its impact upon work self-efficacy. METHODS: A mixed methods case study design was selected to represent the individuality of ABI presentations. Participants completed a qualitative interview at VR follow up (N = 2) and the Work Self-Efficacy Inventory at pre/post VR. RESULTS: Four overarching themes emerged including Stigma, Adjustment, Support and Readiness. RTW challenges included fatigue, accepting support, adjusting to work and stigma. RTW benefits included routine, pride in work, skills development, and empowerment. Wilcoxon signed rank indicated that work self-efficacy scores mildly improved post VR. CONCLUSIONS: This research may inform VR Programs and offers pragmatic clinical implications based on the data. Future research should consider the role that readiness plays in facilitating RTW. Limitations include sample size, a lack of longitudinal data and control group.

Assessing Care and Support Needs for Children With Acquired Brain Injury: Normative Data for the Paediatric Care and Needs Scale (PCANS)

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Soo ◽  
Robyn L. Tate ◽  
Vicki Anderson ◽  
Mary-Clare Waugh
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Support Needs ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Essential Point ◽  
Paediatric Care

AbstractIntroduction:The Paediatric Care and Needs Scale (PCANS) was developed to address the dearth of scales currently available for measuring support needs of children with acquired brain injury (ABI). The scale assesses environmental supports (both supervision and physical assistance) across 14 domains of everyday activities from support for personal hygiene to participation in leisure and social activities. This study aimed to determine support needs in typically developing children using the PCANS in a normative sample of Australian children.Methods:Participants were parents of typically developing children aged 5–14 years (N= 300) recruited from a range of schools in metropolitan Melbourne. Children with ABI, diagnosis of a neurological or developmental disorder, or significant medical condition were excluded. Thirty parents of children in each of 10 age levels, with approximately equal sex ratio were recruited.Results:Findings suggest that support needs vary according to age of the child (p< .01) but not sex of child or occupational status of the parent. Additionally, children were found to have significantly higher support needs for supervision compared with physical assistance across most of the domains of the PCANS (p< .01). A greater number of age differences across PCANS domains were also found in younger children (5 to 7 and 8 to 11 years) compared to the older age group (age 12–14 years).Conclusions:This study reports normative data for the PCANS using a sample of children stratified by age. Findings will provide an essential point of reference to help guide clinical interpretation of the PCANS for assessing support needs of children with ABI.

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