An exploratory approach to time perspective theory and research

User Experience (UX) is characterized by its temporal dimension, dynamic nature, and variability. Although descriptive models about the temporal dimension and related aspects exist, an understanding of the design possibilities and a design approach that ensures the design of the temporal dimension promoting a positive UX and well-being are still lacking. This paper addresses this research gap and builds on Zimbardo and Boyd’s Time Perspective Theory (TPT). TPT presents five time perspectives (TPs)—Past-Negative, Past-Positive, Present-Fatalistic, Present-Hedonistic, and Future—to reveal that people have individual attitudes toward time that influence their thoughts, actions, and feelings. Studies conclude that a balance between the positive TPs (Past-Positive, Present-Hedonistic, and Future), i.e., temporal harmony, contributes to long-term well-being. We present our design framework and approach “designing for temporal harmony,” which incorporates the theory into the practice to highlight the temporal design possibilities and to offer guidance for designers. We applied the design framework and approach to a case study, developed an app concept, and evaluated it with users. The results demonstrate that it is possible to systematically develop temporal UX concepts that evoke positive anticipations, experiences, and retrospections, and that these promote a positive UX as well as contribute to users’ long-term well-being.

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Balanced time perspective as a facilitator of immigrants’ psychological adaptation: A study among Ukrainian immigrants in Poland

Transcultural Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/1363461520949673 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 136346152094967

Author(s):

Michalina Marczak ◽

Piotr Sorokowski ◽

Małgorzata Sobol

Keyword(s):

Time Perspective ◽

Satisfaction With Life ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Psychological Adaptation ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Psychological Wellbeing ◽

Perspective Theory ◽

Perception Of Time ◽

Time Perspective Theory

The perception of time plays a fundamental role in the organisation of basic psychological processes, and as such may also influence migrants’ psychological wellbeing. This paper investigates the relationship between the perception of time and immigrants’ psychological adaptation (i.e., affective aspects of migration) based on a sample of 238 Ukrainians residing in Poland. To assess time perception, we drew primarily from time perspective theory, which defines time perspective as a measure of the degree to which individuals non-consciously construe the past, the present, and the future. Psychological adaptation was assessed, focusing on participants’ basic psychological needs satisfaction, their satisfaction with life, and their psychological condition. We observed a relatively strong negative relationship between negative past and fatalistic present time perspectives and psychological adaptation. Additionally, we found that a more balanced and less negative temporal profile was related to significantly better psychological adaptation of immigrants. We discuss these results in light of the cultural validity of time perspective theory, the destructive impact of negative time perspective on migrants’ psychological wellbeing, and the potential applications of time perspective-based therapy in integration interventions for immigrants.

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Influential Behavioral Factors on Retirement Planning Behavior: The Case of Malaysia

Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning ◽

10.1891/1052-3073.30.2.244 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 244-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fatemeh Kimiyagahlam ◽

Meysam Safari ◽

Shaheen Mansori

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation Modeling ◽

Financial Literacy ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Time Perspective ◽

Future Orientation ◽

Retirement Planning ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Behavioral Factors ◽

Perspective Theory ◽

Time Perspective Theory

The main objective of this research is to identify the behavioral factors which have an effect on retirement planning behavior. The study applies the theory of planned behavior and time perspective theory as a basis for the analysis of data by the structural equation modeling technique from a sample of 900 adults in Kelang Valley, Malaysia. The results of structural equation modeling show that financial literacy, propensity to plan, and future orientation are directly associated with retirement planning behavior. The saving attitude is also found to partially mediate these relationships. However, family education and materialism are not associated with retirement planning. Implications for researchers and practitioners are presented.

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Time Perspective Theory: The Introduction

Time Perspective Theory; Review, Research and Application ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-07368-2_1 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Maciej Stolarski ◽

Nicolas Fieulaine ◽

Wessel van Beek

Keyword(s):

Time Perspective ◽

Perspective Theory ◽

Time Perspective Theory

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How to Become a Persevering Exerciser? Providing a Clear, Future Intrinsic Goal in an Autonomy-Supportive Way

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology ◽

10.1123/jsep.26.2.232 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 232-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 112

Author(s):

Maarten Vansteenkiste ◽

Joke Simons ◽

Bart Soenens ◽

Willy Lens

Keyword(s):

Goal Attainment ◽

Time Perspective ◽

Self Determination Theory ◽

Future Time Perspective ◽

Control Group ◽

Perspective Theory ◽

Goal Framing ◽

Exercise Activity ◽

Time Perspective Theory ◽

Intrinsic Goal

The goal of the present study was to examine partially conflicting hypotheses derived from two motivational theories, namely self-determination theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 1985, 2000) and future time perspective theory (FTPT; Lens, 2001; Nuttin & Lens, 1985). In line with SDT, it was found that framing an exercise activity in terms of future intrinsic goal attainment (focusing on health and physical fitness) has a positive effect on effort expenditure, autonomous exercise motivation, performance, long-term persistence, and even sport club membership. On the other hand, framing an exercise activity in terms of future extrinsic goal attainment (focusing on physical appearance and attractiveness) undermined those outcomes compared to a no-future-goal control group. Correlational analyses indicate that future extrinsic goal framing led to non-autonomous persistence while future intrinsic goal framing resulted in autonomously driven perseverance at the free-choice activity. In contrast to FTPT, the no-future-goal control group did not differ from a future content-free goal group, in which the general future importance of the present task was stressed. Finally, presenting those goals in an autonomy-supportive rather than a controlling way resulted in the same motivational and behavioral benefits as future intrinsic goal framing. It is discussed how future time perspective theory and self-determination theory can be reconciled and integrated.

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Balanced Time Perspective as a Facilitator of Immigrants’ Psychological Adaptation: A Study among Ukrainian Immigrants in Poland

10.31234/osf.io/ybprf ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Michalina Marczak ◽

Piotr Sorokowski ◽

Małgorzata Sobol-Kwapińska

Keyword(s):

Time Perspective ◽

Satisfaction With Life ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Psychological Adaptation ◽

Well Being ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Perspective Theory ◽

Perception Of Time ◽

Time Perspective Theory

The perception of time plays a fundamental role in the organisation of basic psychological processes, and as such may also influence migrants’ psychological well-being. This paper investigates the relationship between the perception of time and immigrants’ psychological adaptation (i.e. affective aspects of migration) based on a sample of 238 Ukrainians residing in Poland. To assess time perception we drew primarily from time perspective theory which defines time perspective as a measure of the degree to which individuals non-consciously construe the past, the present and the future. Psychological adaptation was assessed with focus on participants’ basic psychological needs satisfaction, satisfaction with life and psychological condition. We observed relatively strong negative relationship between negative past and fatalistic present time perspectives and psychological adaptation. Additionally, it was found that more balanced and less negative temporal profile, was related to significantly better psychological adaptation of immigrants. We discuss the results in light of cultural validity of time perspective theory, destructive impact of negative time perspective on migrants’ psychological wellbeing and potential application of time perspective-based therapy in integration interventions for immigrants.

Download Full-text