scholarly journals NEPENTHES DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE IN FIVE HABITATS IN BRUNEI DARUSSALAM

REINWARDTIA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Amal Latiff ◽  
Rahayu Sukmaria Sukri ◽  
Faizah Metali
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
White Sand ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Dipterocarp Forests ◽  
Voucher Specimens ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance

LATIFF, N. A., SUKRI, R. S., & METALI, F. Nepenthes diversity and abundance in five habitats in Brunei Darussalam. Reinwardtia 14(1):  67 – 71. -- The genus Nepenthes is known to be diverse in Bornean forests and has been recorded in Brunei Darussalam in various forest types. We aim to investigate variation in Nepenthes species richness and abundance at five forest types throughout Brunei Darussalam: open secondary, heath, peat swamp, white sand and mixed dipterocarp forests. A total of thirty-nine 5 x 5 m2 plots were set up in these forest types. Within each plot, Nepenthes species abundance was quantified, with Nepenthes voucher specimens collected and identified to determine species richness. No significant differences were detected either for Nepenthes species richness or abundance between the five forest types, despite records of Nepenthes in Brunei showing preferences for particular habitat types. We suggest that average species richness and abundance remained constant regardless of forest types in this study, but that these results would likely change if sampling intensity is increased in future studies. 

Effect of indaziflam on native species in natural areas and rangeland

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon L. Clark ◽  
Derek J. Sebastian ◽  
Scott J. Nissen ◽  
James R. Sebastian
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Temporary Reduction ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance

AbstractMinimizing the negative ecological impacts of exotic plant invasions is one goal of land management. Using selective herbicides is one strategy to achieve this goal; however, the unintended consequences of this strategy are not always fully understood. The recently introduced herbicide indaziflam has a mode of action not previously used in non-crop weed management. Thus, there is limited information about the impacts of this active ingredient when applied alone or in combination with other non-crop herbicides. The objective of this research was to evaluate native species tolerance to indaziflam and imazapic applied alone and with other broadleaf herbicides. Replicated field plots were established at two locations in Colorado with a diverse mix of native forbs and grasses. Species richness and abundance were compared between the nontreated control plots and plots where indaziflam and imazapic were applied alone and in combination with picloram and aminocyclopyrachlor. Species richness and abundance did not decrease when indaziflam or imazapic were applied alone; however, species abundance was reduced by treatments containing picloram and aminocyclopyrachlor. Species richness was only impacted at one site 1 yr after treatment (YAT) by these broadleaf herbicides. Decreases in abundance were mainly due to reductions in forbs that resulted in a corresponding increase in grass cover. Our data suggest that indaziflam will control downy brome (Bromus tectorumL.) for multiple years without reduction in perennial species richness or abundance. IfB. tectorumis present with perennial broadleaf weeds requiring the addition of herbicides like picloram or aminocyclopyrachlor, forb abundance could be reduced, and in some cases there could be a temporary reduction in perennial species richness.

The effects of silvicultural disturbances on cryptogam diversity in the boreal-mixedwood forest

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven G Newmaster ◽  
F Wayne Bell
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Aerial Application ◽  
Forest Diversity ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
And Function

In northern forests, cryptogams (spore producing plants) occupy a key position in forest ecosystem diversity and function. Forest harvesting and silvicultural practices have the potential to reduce cryptogam diversity. This project uses four blocks that were mechanically site prepared, planted with a single conifer species, and subsequently subjected to five conifer release treatments: (1) motor-manual cleaning, (2) mechanical brush cutting, (3) aerial application of triclopyr, (4) aerial application of glyphosate, and (5) control (untreated clearcut). Five 10 × 10 m subplots were installed in each of the five treatment plots and the uncut forest on the four blocks. Botanical surveys were conducted before and 1–5 years after treatments. Species richness and abundance, Shannon's and Heip's indices, and rank abundance diagrams clearly show that richness and abundance were affected by silvicultural treatments. Vegetation management treatments resulted in significant reductions in cryptogam diversity, to the point that only a few colonists and drought-tolerant species remained. Cryptogam diversity was ranked in the following order: forest > clearcut > mechanical clearing > herbicide treatment. Herbicide treatments had the greatest initial effect on species richness, species abundance, and diversity indices. Cryptogam diversity showed signs of recovery 5 years after treatments. Missed strips (untreated areas) within a clearcut provided a refuge for remnant communities of forest cryptogams that could play a key role in the rehabilitation forest diversity.

scholarly journals Avian Species Abundance and Richness in a  Variably Urbanised Landscape in Wellington City,  New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jennifer Glynn Vinton
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Patch Size ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Habitat Patch ◽  
Avian Community ◽  
Patch Structure ◽  
Avian Biodiversity ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Species Ecology

<p>Avian community composition fluctuates across the landscape at different scales of space and time. These fluctuations may be modified at the broader scale of landscape and at the local scale of habitat patch. A species' ecology also influences its occurrence and abundance in the landscape. This thesis investigates the spatial and temporal distribution of the avian community in Wellington. Wellington is an interesting case study because it has a diverse range of landscapes influenced by the proximity of hills to the coast (see Appendix 3). I assess the effect of landscape classification on the richness and abundance of birds and the role of fine patch structure in shaping this distribution. My study was located within a 5-km radius of Wellington City's central business district (41 degrees 16' S, 174 degrees 46' E). I used six strip-transects divided into 400m length segments that traversed through high to lower density residential suburbs and green space inter-digitated with built habitat, and established five-minute count (FMBC) points at each segment interval along these routes for a total of 49 points. I used ArcGIS to analyse the habitat patch types in the 100-m areas surrounding the FMBC. I recorded avian species type and abundance along the strips and at the FMBC during the morning and evening. A total of 35 bird species and 10966 individuals were recorded along the strip-transects and 34 bird species and 5960 individuals at the FMBCs. House sparrow, then starling and blackbacked gull, rock pigeon, blackbird and silvereye were the most common and widely spread species. Results indicated that landscape type modified avian biodiversity with the highest number of species (S) recorded in green landscapes (n = 10, S = 15.9) and the lowest in wharf littoral (n = 2, S = 7.5) and low-density commercial sites (n = 3, S = 6.67). The diversity of the landscape within an area did not influence avian biodiversity. I found that total species abundance did not change across the landscape but that the species' ecology did influence where it occurred and its abundance in the landscape. Dietary diversity particularly influenced a species' abundance. Both season and time of day altered species richness and abundance, with lower values of richness recorded in autumn (morning period = 13.5, evening period = 10.7). I found that avian communities in the Wellington urban area were dominated by six common species but that many more species were present in much lower numbers at fewer sites. Results showed an inverse relationship between species richness and abundance - while the greater biomass (abundance) of birds concentrated at FMBC within the built commercial centre and surrounding higher density housing areas, richness increased with distance from the built centre to residential and green sites. I found no relationship between species richness and the total number of individuals present at any point, and the total biomass and abundance of birds was also independent of patch size. Neither habitat patch diversity nor average patch size influenced species diversity across the community of birds, but the effect of average patch size was less at patches between 300 and 1500 metres. The abundance of some individuals in their favoured patch type did vary in response to patch structure with the strongest relationships seen for blackbird and house sparrow. These results suggest that birds are responding to cues at the larger scale of landscape first rather than to fine patch structure within the urban setting, and therefore that landscape is a more important influence in driving bird biodiversity.</p>

scholarly journals Structure of 0+ juvenile fish assemblages in the modified upper stretch of the River Elbe, Czech Republic 

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Valová ◽  
M. Janáč ◽  
J. Švanyga ◽  
P. Jurajda
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Fish Assemblage ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
River Elbe ◽  
Nursery Habitats ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance

In August 2007, the 0+ juvenile fish assemblage of the upper River Elbe was surveyed using electrofishing. Thirty-six localities were sampled along a 177 km long section between the towns of Verdek and Brand&yacute;s nad Labem (river km (RKM) 136&ndash;313). Four localities with natural riverbeds, 14 channelized stretches, nine beaches, and nine backwaters were sampled. Altogether, 4521 0+ juvenile fishes were caught, belonging to 26 species. A decrease in species richness and abundance was evident near Hradec Kr&aacute;lov&eacute;, while decreased species abundance was noted along the navigated stretch below Přelouč. The highest catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE), species richness, and Shannon index values were observed at beach habitats, the lowest in channelized habitats, and intermediate values in backwaters. Generally, rare beach habitats had significantly more rheophilic species than other habitats, while backwaters had significantly more eurytopic species and higher CPUE for limnophilic species. Backwaters and channel habitats, however, did not differ in any other 0+&nbsp;fish assemblage parameter studied. The study demonstrated the importance of beaches for fish assemblages along navigable channels. Surprisingly, however, backwaters were not confirmed as important nursery habitats.

scholarly journals First data on spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from dry dipterocarp forests of Thailand

Check List ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1996
Author(s):  
Prasit Wongprom ◽  
Ondřej Košulič
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Dipterocarp Forest ◽  
Dipterocarp Forests ◽  
Forest Functions ◽  
Dry Dipterocarp Forest

Faunistic records of spiders in dry dipterocarp forests of Thailand are presented. Spiders were surveyed from November 2008 to December 2012. A total of 1,926 spider individuals were collected from 16 locations by visually searching, sweeping grasses and herb vegetation, beating shrubs and trees, and shifting leaf litters. Spiders were identified to 106 species in 86 genera of 29 families. The families Araneidae, Salticidae, Thomisidae, Tetragnathidae, and Theridiidae exhibited higher species richness. Several families that are rare and poorly known in Thailand were recorded, such as Stenochilidae, Eresidae, Idiopidae, Theraphosidae, and Nemesiidae. A faunistic overview of the spiders found in dry dipterocarp forest is presented. In general, the diverse composition of spiders and their guilds and the occurrence of rare and poorly known species in the Thai region confirm the high biotic value of dry dipterocarp forests. Continuing to maintain dry dipterocarp forest functions should be considered in future studies.

scholarly journals Effect of fragmentation of kerangas forest on small mammal community structure in Brunei Darussalam

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Salwa Abd Khalid ◽  
Ulmar Grafe
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Small Mammal Community ◽  
Mammal Community ◽  
Forest Size ◽  
Fragmented Forests

Widespread and rapid forest loss and disturbance have resulted in increased fragmentation of tropical forests. The impacts of forest disturbance and fragmentation on small mammals have been widely studied across the tropics and these studies have highlighted the detrimental effects. However, there is limited understanding on the impacts on small mammals in Borneo. This study investigated the impacts of fragmentation on small mammal community structure in lowland coastal heath forests known as kerangas forests, in Brunei Darussalam. Twelve study sites were compared in three forest types: fragmented (2.07-17.6 ha), disturbed (443.55-483.79 ha) and undisturbed (>500 ha) forests. In addition, the correlations between species richness, abundance and biomass of small mammals, and forest size were investigated. There was a clear change in species composition in the different forest types. Fragmented forests had the lowest species richness but the highest pooled abundance and biomass compared with disturbed and undisturbed forests. Species richness increased with forest size as predicted by the theory of island biogeography. In contrast, abundance and biomass was negatively correlated to forest size. Factors that contribute to the pronounced decline in species richness in fragmented forests include loss of rare and native forest species, reduced forest size in fragmented forests and distance effect. We suggest that a release from top-down control by predators and favourable conditions as a result from forest fragmentation are responsible for higher abundance and biomass of small mammals in fragmented forests.

Spatial and temporal distribution of Tabanidae in the Pyrenees Mountains: the influence of altitude and landscape structure

2013 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Baldacchino ◽  
A. Porciani ◽  
C. Bernard ◽  
P. Jay-Robert
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Seasonal Succession ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Elevation Gradients ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Shape Complexity

AbstractIn high-altitude summer pastures, horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) can be a serious nuisance to livestock, as well as mechanical vectors of animal diseases such as besnoitiosis, an enzootic disease in the Pyrenees. However, the activity of horseflies in mountainous environments is poorly documented. To study the seasonality and distribution of tabanids in the Pyrenees Mountains, a sampling design was set up in two valleys on opposite sides of the mountain, one north-facing and one south-facing, along high-elevation gradients and at different distances from a water body between May and October 2011. The influence of the landscape on species richness and abundance was assessed by taking into account forested and unforested areas in 200 m radii around the trapping sites. Our findings indicated that: (1) The slope, the altitude and the size of unforested patches significantly influenced community composition of tabanids. (2) Altitude had a positive or a negative effect, depending on the species. (3) Species richness and abundance were negatively correlated with large open habitats and positively correlated with patch-shape complexity. (4) Seasonal succession of the most abundant species was observed in both valleys, with a maximum of catches at the beginning of August; however, tabanid activity ended earlier in the southern valley, which was more exposed to sunlight. (5) Philipomyia aprica, Tabanus bromius, Tabanus glaucopis and Hybomitra auripila were active from 9:00 to 19:00 h (GMT+1), with a peak of activity at midday. This paper also discusses the implications of these findings in relation to changes in horsefly distribution and their control in mountainous environments.

scholarly journals Avian Species Abundance and Richness in a  Variably Urbanised Landscape in Wellington City,  New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jennifer Glynn Vinton
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Patch Size ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Habitat Patch ◽  
Avian Community ◽  
Patch Structure ◽  
Avian Biodiversity ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Species Ecology

<p>Avian community composition fluctuates across the landscape at different scales of space and time. These fluctuations may be modified at the broader scale of landscape and at the local scale of habitat patch. A species' ecology also influences its occurrence and abundance in the landscape. This thesis investigates the spatial and temporal distribution of the avian community in Wellington. Wellington is an interesting case study because it has a diverse range of landscapes influenced by the proximity of hills to the coast (see Appendix 3). I assess the effect of landscape classification on the richness and abundance of birds and the role of fine patch structure in shaping this distribution. My study was located within a 5-km radius of Wellington City's central business district (41 degrees 16' S, 174 degrees 46' E). I used six strip-transects divided into 400m length segments that traversed through high to lower density residential suburbs and green space inter-digitated with built habitat, and established five-minute count (FMBC) points at each segment interval along these routes for a total of 49 points. I used ArcGIS to analyse the habitat patch types in the 100-m areas surrounding the FMBC. I recorded avian species type and abundance along the strips and at the FMBC during the morning and evening. A total of 35 bird species and 10966 individuals were recorded along the strip-transects and 34 bird species and 5960 individuals at the FMBCs. House sparrow, then starling and blackbacked gull, rock pigeon, blackbird and silvereye were the most common and widely spread species. Results indicated that landscape type modified avian biodiversity with the highest number of species (S) recorded in green landscapes (n = 10, S = 15.9) and the lowest in wharf littoral (n = 2, S = 7.5) and low-density commercial sites (n = 3, S = 6.67). The diversity of the landscape within an area did not influence avian biodiversity. I found that total species abundance did not change across the landscape but that the species' ecology did influence where it occurred and its abundance in the landscape. Dietary diversity particularly influenced a species' abundance. Both season and time of day altered species richness and abundance, with lower values of richness recorded in autumn (morning period = 13.5, evening period = 10.7). I found that avian communities in the Wellington urban area were dominated by six common species but that many more species were present in much lower numbers at fewer sites. Results showed an inverse relationship between species richness and abundance - while the greater biomass (abundance) of birds concentrated at FMBC within the built commercial centre and surrounding higher density housing areas, richness increased with distance from the built centre to residential and green sites. I found no relationship between species richness and the total number of individuals present at any point, and the total biomass and abundance of birds was also independent of patch size. Neither habitat patch diversity nor average patch size influenced species diversity across the community of birds, but the effect of average patch size was less at patches between 300 and 1500 metres. The abundance of some individuals in their favoured patch type did vary in response to patch structure with the strongest relationships seen for blackbird and house sparrow. These results suggest that birds are responding to cues at the larger scale of landscape first rather than to fine patch structure within the urban setting, and therefore that landscape is a more important influence in driving bird biodiversity.</p>

scholarly journals The Influence of Environmental Factors on Phytoplankton Varietya Case Study of Three Ponds of Western Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-93
Author(s):  
Barbara Szpakowska ◽  
Dariusz Świerk ◽  
Maria Pajchrowska
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Phytoplankton Assemblages ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Chemical Composition Of Water ◽  
Research Findings

AbstractThe structure of phytoplankton assemblages in three small water bodies was compared and abiotic factors were described. It indicated considerable differences in the species abundance and biomass of the phytoplankton as well as the chemical composition of water between artificial pond (No. 2) and others. A total of 455 phytoplankton taxa were recorded. All ponds were characterized by greatest species richness of Chlorophyta. The highest biomass was noted in August-September 2015, and it was true for each pond. The CCA models showed dependences between the variables under study and phytoplankton groups. They indicated which environmental variables had the greatest influence on the biomass of phytoplankton in the waterbodies under analysis. The biomass of most of the taxonomic group in the phytoplankton (except Miozoa) depended on the presence of nitrogen not only in form of nitrates but also in the form of mineral nitrogen. The research findings suggest the trend of future studies on the phytoplankton in these ponds. The analysis of its variability should also include the influence of light and the influence of consumers on the food chain in the ecosystem.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document