FACTORS CAUSING THE TRANSFER OF FOREST FUNCTION TO CORN FARMING LAND IN DOMPU REGENCY

Nature is a component that plays an important role in human life. This big role cannot be separated from the provision of ecosystem services to fulfill needs in order to support life. These ecosystem services will not run properly if there is environmental damage. This environmental damage begins with the conversion of forest functions into corn agricultural land, humans only think about how to fulfill their desires without thinking about the impact it will have on nature and other humans. The purpose of this research is to find out the impact of land conversion which will change the function of the forest which should be the heart of earth's life into a corn farming field which will only benefit the parties concerned. Methods of collecting data using the interview method, direct observation of the field by looking at the existing conditions directly in the field. The results of this research show that there is a change in the function of forest land into corn agricultural land and changes the function of the area. Factors causing the conversion of forest functions are displacement, land use, economy and weak legislation. Key words : Environment, forest conversion, agriculture

Single-Track Bike Trails in the Moravian Karst as Part of Forest Recreation

Recently, cycling has become a popular recreation activity, and mountain biking provides an experience that is sought by an increasing number of people. Bike trails constructed for mountain bikers in access areas lead mostly through the forest and provide not only an extraordinary riding experience but the opportunity to admire the surrounding nature. The reason for constructing such trails from a landowner’s point of view is to help keep bikers’ movements within a defined access area and to ensure adjacent areas are left free for other forest functions. It also helps distribute groups of visitors with other interests to other parts of the forest. This is what we call “controlled recreation”. In this example, it means that if cyclists come to the locality to use the bike trails, they should ride only along the designated trails; however, they may leave these trails and ride on the surrounding land. This article studied the movements of bikers in an accessible area of the Moravian Karst and the regulation of their movements by controlled recreation. Attendance in the area was measured using automatic counters. These were placed at the entry points to the accessible area and just behind the routes where the trails branch off. The results showed that bikers mostly stayed on the formal routes and that the trails were effective, i.e., there was no uncontrolled movement of bikers into the surrounding forest stands. We also noted the time of day that cyclists were active. These results can be used to better plan work in the forest, for example, harvesting and logging. To further the suitable development of accessible areas of the forest, we also compared the usual size of trail areas in two other European countries and the increasing width of bike trails due to the transverse slope of the terrain.

Kranjska Gora Pilot Action Region Environmentally-Friendly Construction of the Planica Nordic Centre

The Municipality of Kranjska Gora was chosen as a Pilot Action Region (PAR) due to its location in the Slovenian Alpine area, its extensive forest cover and its important role in tourism and sport activities. As an example of best practice in the implementation of ecosystem-based risk management, the environmentally-friendly construction of the new Nordic center in the Planica Valley is presented, with an emphasis on the role of various stakeholders in the fields of forestry, environmental protection and natural hazard management. The article also presents the forest and forestry in Slovenia and in the PAR, as well as the role of protective forests and other forest functions.

Developing a set of key performance indicators for monitoring sustainability of forest functions in the Hyrcanian forests

This study identifies key performance indicators for monitoring the sustainability of forest functions in the northern forests of Iran. This process was conducted in two phases through the Delphi method, and Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping (FCM). The Delphi method classified indicators according to two properties, importance and measurability. These were used to identify four classes: (a) important and measurable, (b) important and less measurable, (c) less important and measurable, (d) less important and less measurable. Indicators placed in groups (a) and (b) were then used to develop a set of key performance indicators using FCM. The FCM enabled the evaluation of the overall cumulative impacts of all indicators within the network, individually and collectively, through their interactions with other indicators. The selected methods and possible application of the key performance indicators could be used to determine how to achieve the sustainable management of a forest area.

PEMETAAN GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) KERUSAKAN POHON PADA BERBAGAI FUNGSI HUTAN DI PROVINSI LAMPUNG

Sustainable forest management can be achieved through an assessment of forest health. The tree damage assessment aims to measure the level of disturbance in the trees so that in the end forest conditions can be detected and decision making by forest managers can be carried out appropriately. This study aims to assess tree damage in several forest functions. The use of the Geographic Information System (GIS) is vital, where the distribution of tree damage conditions can be spatially determined, so that it can be described properly. The results of the analysis showed 17 conservation forests for healthy trees, 30 medium trees and 105 damaged trees. 51 production forests for healthy trees, 82 medium trees and 128 damaged trees. There are 75 medium trees and 56 damaged trees. The health condition of trees in several forest functions is in a damaged condition and needs attention from forest managers. There needs to be action by the manager in the form of maintenance such as pruning, silencing and fertilizing as well as harvesting actions with the right timing.

Drought and its impact on the bio-production of forests

The precipitation deficit, heat waves and subsequent drought significantly affected the forests in the Czech Republic. Primarily, forests were affected by physiological insufficiency and later by biotic and abiotic factors. On the initiative of the Ministry of the Environment of the Czech Republic, a study of the condition and damage of forest functions in the model area was formulated. The study was aimed at the model locality of the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands, especially the forest management unit of the Da?ice municipality (South Bohemian Region). The study uses certified national methodologies for evaluating forest function damage (Vyskot et al. 2003; Vyskot et al. 2014). This paper specifies the state and damage of the bio-production function depending on the represented forest management groups, stand types of woody plants and age phases of stands, in terms of value (in %) and finance in Czech koruna (CZK, the currency of the Czech Republic). In particular, spruce stands and their dominant mixtures of non-matured and fully matured trees were affected by major damage of a destructive nature. Due to the changed ecosystem conditions, a modified concept of forest management was proposed.

Social Assessment of the Value of Forests and Protected Areas on the Example of the Silesian Voivodeship

This article investigates the social attitudes towards forests and protected areas among the inhabitants of the Silesian Voivodeship in southern Poland. The survey was used as a research tool. The respondents were asked about following issues: Willingness to pay (WTP) to preserve forest functions in the case of logging reduction, willingness to pay (WTP) to preserve protected areas, and the possibility of running business activities in protected areas. The study involved 1204 respondents. The collected answers were used for statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were used at this stage. The obtained results allowed to assess a relatively low willingness to pay among the surveyed respondents (WTP > 0 in the case of 24.8% of respondents to preserve forest functions in managed forests and 21.1% to preserve protected areas). The diverse factors, such as age, as well as professional and economic status, could be considered as related to this phenomenon.

Social Forestry: The Balance between Welfare and Ecological Justice

Poverty and climate change mitigation are connected to each other, so one of the policies adopted by the Indonesian government is managing forests with social forestry schemes. Where social forestry aims at prospering the poor and preserve forests. A balance between the two is needed because it is not only part of forest land, but it also considers justice for the community to get prosperous rights and realize ecological justice. The dynamics of social forestry in Indonesia are characterized by policies and regulations, but in various regions, people have succeeded in increasing their welfare while making forests sustainable. It was concluded that social forestry builds ecological strategic values that guarantee the sustainability of forest functions managed by the community. It can succeed if policies and regulations in Indonesia provide legal certainty over the rights to community-managed forest land.