scholarly journals Effects of climate, wood quality and fungal diversity on coarse wood decomposition of Scots pine

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (226) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvathy Venugopal
Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Fundova ◽  
Tomas Funda ◽  
Harry X. Wu

Wood stiffness is an important wood mechanical property that predetermines the suitability of sawn timber for construction purposes. Negative genetic correlations between wood stiffness and growth traits have, however, been reported for many conifer species including Scots pine. It is, therefore, important that breeding programs consider wood stiffness and growth traits simultaneously. The study aims to (1) evaluate different approaches of calculating the dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOE, non-destructively assessed stiffness) using data from X-ray analysis (SilviScan) as a benchmark, (2) estimate genetic parameters, and (3) apply index selection. In total, we non-destructively measured 622 standing trees from 175 full-sib families for acoustic velocity (VEL) using Hitman and for wood density (DEN) using Resistograph and Pilodyn. We combined VEL with different wood densities, raw (DENRES) and adjusted (DENRES.TB) Resistograph density, Pilodyn density measured with (DENPIL) and without bark (DENPIL.B), constant of 1000 kg·m−3 (DENCONST), and SilviScan density (DENSILV), to calculate MOEs and compare them with the benchmark SilviScan MOE (MOESILV). We also derived Smith–Hazel indices for simultaneous improvement of stem diameter (DBH) and wood stiffness. The highest additive genetic and phenotypic correlations of the benchmark MOESILV with the alternative MOE measures (tested) were attained by MOEDENSILV (0.95 and 0.75, respectively) and were closely followed by MOEDENRES.TB (0.91 and 0.70, respectively) and MOEDENCONST and VEL (0.91 and 0.65, respectively for both). Correlations with MOEDENPIL, MOEDENPIL.B, and MOEDENRES were lower. Narrow-sense heritabilities were moderate, ranging from 0.39 (MOESILV) to 0.46 (MOEDENSILV). All indices revealed an opportunity for joint improvement of DBH and MOE. Conclusions: MOEDENRES.TB appears to be the most efficient approach for indirect selection for wood stiffness in Scots pine, although VEL alone and MOEDENCONST have provided very good results too. An index combining DBH and MOEDENRES.TB seems to offer the best compromise for simultaneous improvement of growth, fiber, and wood quality traits.


2016 ◽  
Vol 360 ◽  
pp. 341-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvathy Venugopal ◽  
Kaisa Junninen ◽  
Riikka Linnakoski ◽  
Mattias Edman ◽  
Jari Kouki

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Laura Gallo ◽  
Patricia Valeria Silva ◽  
Pablo López Bernal ◽  
Alicia Susana Moretto ◽  
Alina G. Greslebin

Abstract Fungal diversity, woody debris, and wood decomposition were assessed in Nothofagus pumilio forests with and without forest management. A plot in a managed forest (MF) and a plot in an unmanaged control forest (C) were established in three sites in Chubut, Argentina. On each plot, forest structure, volume of woody debris, temperature, and humidity were recorded. Basidiomata of aphyllophoroid fungi were recorded in the fall and spring for 2 years. A decomposition assay with branches and twigs in two decay classes (DC) was established, and mass loss was measured after 3 and 2 years of field incubation respectively. To evaluate fungal diversity and mass loss within MF and C, generalized linear mixed-effects models (GLMM) were performed. Neither richness nor abundance differed between treatments, and community composition was similar. Only branches in DC2 showed greater mass loss in MF than in C. The volume of CWD was greater in MF and had a positive effect on fungal richness. A few aphyllophoroid species showed significant differences in abundance between treatments. Forest management in the conditions evaluated did not generate evident changes in fungal diversity, nor in wood decomposition. However, the differences observed in mass loss of DC2 could indicate that there were some factors operating in the past, that are no longer seen in the present, which may have accelerated decomposition. This highlights the need for studies evaluating changes in canopy cover, microclimate and fungal community, including potential key species, over a period starting just after the forest management.


1999 ◽  
Vol 122 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 117-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seppo Kellomäki ◽  
Veli-Pekka Ikonen ◽  
Heli Peltola ◽  
Taneli Kolström

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 817-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhou Hong ◽  
Anders Fries ◽  
Harry X. Wu

To examine the efficiency of early selection for wood quality traits in the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) breeding program in Sweden, a total of 778 wood increment cores were sampled from 179 full-sib families in a single progeny trial at 40 years of age. Age trend of inheritance, age–age genetic correlation, and early selection efficiency for eight wood traits including annual ring width, wood density, microfibril angle (MFA), modulus of elasticity (i.e., wood stiffness; MOE), and fibre dimensions were studied. Heritabilities for the eight wood traits reached a plateau between age 5 years and age 15 years, with the highest heritability for radial fibre width and fibre coarseness (∼0.6) and the lowest heritability for ring width (∼0.2). Heritability reached about 0.4 for both wood density and MFA but only reached about 0.3 for MOE. Genetic correlation from early to reference age 30 years reached a very high level (>0.8) for all eight wood traits at age 5 years. Early selection was effective for wood quality traits in Scots pine, and selection at age 8 years is recommended for MOE in Scots pine.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ainhoa Calleja-Rodriguez ◽  
Jin Pan ◽  
Tomas Funda ◽  
Zhi-Qiang Chen ◽  
John Baison ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTHigher genetic gains can be achieved through genomic selection (GS) by shortening time of progeny testing in tree breeding programs. Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), combined with two imputation methods, allowed us to perform the current genomic prediction study in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestrisL.). 694 individuals representing 183 full-sib families were genotyped and phenotyped for growth and wood quality traits. 8719 SNPs were used to compare different genomic prediction models. In addition, the impact on the predictive ability (PA) and prediction accuracy to estimate genomic breeding values was evaluated by assigning different ratios of training and validation sets, as well as different subsets of SNP markers. Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (GBLUP) and Bayesian Ridge Regression (BRR) combined with expectation maximization (EM) imputation algorithm showed higher PAs and prediction accuracies than Bayesian LASSO (BL). A subset of approximately 4000 markers was sufficient to provide the same PAs and accuracies as the full set of 8719 markers. Furthermore, PAs were similar for both pedigree- and genomic-based estimations, whereas accuracies and heritabilities were slightly higher for pedigree-based estimations. However, prediction accuracies of genomic models were sufficient to achieve a higher selection efficiency per year, varying between 50-87% compared to the traditional pedigree-based selection.


Author(s):  
Л.В. Голубева ◽  
Е.Н. Наквасина ◽  
Н.С. Минин

Рассмотрено состояние насаждений на постагрогенных залежах Каргопольского района Архангельской области, где из сельскохозяйственного оборота выбыло около 200 тыс. га плодородных земель. Почвы района отличаются от фоновых подзолистых почв подзоны средней тайги и характеризуются как дерново-подзолистые остаточно-карбонатные, хорошо дренированные с высоким содержанием гумуса, подвижного фосфора и калия, закрепленных агрохимическими приемами во время активного сельскохозяйственного пользования – пахоты. На постагрогенных залежах Каргопольского района формируются древесные насаждения разных пород, как хозяйственно-ценных (ель, сосна), так и мягколиственных (ольха, осина, береза). Процессы лесовозобновления, протекающие в таких условиях, существенно отличаются от аналогичных, происходящих на нативных землях. Изучены постагрогенные насаждения сосны обыкновенной (Pinus sylvestris L.), сформированные на залежах, выведенные из активного сельскохозяйственного пользования (пахоты) более 40 лет назад. В этих условиях произрастают чистые однопородные одновозрастные сосняки I–III классов бонитета, с разреженными древостоями, низкополнотные, но по запасу превышающие нативные насаждения на 20…68%. Высокая интенсивность роста сосны может привести к изменениям показателей макроструктуры древесины и, как следствие, к изменению плотности древесины. Установлено, что у сосны на залежах в молодом возрасте (I–II классы возраста) ширина годичных колец почти в 2 раза больше, по сравнению с контрольным вариантом (сосняк на зональных подзолистых почвах), однако к 45–65 годам различия сглаживаются. Базисная плотность древесины на 10% ниже стандартных показателей, но в III–IV классах возраста выравнивается и приближается к нормативной. Выведенные из сельскохозяйственного пользования земли, и прежде всего пашни, обладают высоким потенциалом для лесовыращивания, на них можно вырастить высокопродуктивные сосновые насаждения с качеством древесины, близким к нормативным. The article discusses the state of the plantings on postagrogenic deposits of Kargopol District of the Arkhangelsk region in which about 200 th. ha of fertile land were excluded from agricultural use. Soils differ from the background podzolic soils of the middle taiga subzone, and they are characterized as sod-podzolic residual-calcareous, well-drained rich in humus, mobile phosphorus and potassium fixed by agrochemical techniques during an active agricultural use – plowing. In the Kargopol District postagrogenic deposits are formed of different breeds tree plantations as economically valuable (spruce, pine) and softwood (alder, aspen, birch). Reforestation processes occurring in such conditions are significantly different from those occurring on native lands. Postagrogenic plantations of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), formed on the deposits derived from active agricultural use (plowing) over 40 years ago were studied. Under these circumstances, even-aged pine pure stand I–III quality category, with sparse stands of trees, low-density, but reserves exceed native plantings on 20...68% grow. The high growth rate of pine may lead to a change in macrostructure wood and, as a consequence, a change in the density of the wood. It was found that the width of tree rings of pine trees on fallow lands at a young age (I–II age classes), is almost 2 times more in comparison with the control variant (pine zone on podzolic soils), but in 45–65 years the differences are smoothed out. Basic wood density is 10% below than the standard indicators, but in III–IV age class it is leveled and becomes standard. Exclusion from the use of agricultural land, especially arable land, has a high potential for forest growing, they can grow high-yielding crops with quality pine wood, close to the standard.


2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1309-1321
Author(s):  
A. L. Gallo ◽  
P. V. Silva ◽  
P. López Bernal ◽  
A. S. Moretto ◽  
A. G. Greslebin

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