Karyotype evolution of the genus Eranthis Salisb. (Ranunculaceae)

We have conducted comparative study of karyotypes for nine Eranthis Salisb. species: E. bulgarica (Stef.)Stef., E. hyemalis (L.) Salisb., E. longistipitata Regel (section Eranthis), E. byunsanensis B. Y. Sun, E. lobulata W. T.Wang, E. pinnatifida Maxim., E. sibirica DC., E. stellata Maxim., and E. tanhoensis Erst (section Shibateranthis). Thespecies-specifity of karyotypes was established for all species investigated. The chromosomes of each species weremedium or large in size (4–12 µm). Besides E. sibirica and E. tanhoensis, all the investigated specimens had diploidcytotypes with 2n = 16 and the basic chromosome number x = 8. Plants from five E. sibirica populations were tetraploidand hexaploid with x = 7, 2n = 28 and 2n = 42 respectively. Plants from seven E. tanhoensis populations were diploid withx = 7 and 2n = 14. Diploid karyotypes of Eranthis included 4–5 pairs of large equal-armed (metacentric) chromosomes,and 2–4 pairs of unequal-armed chromosomes belonging to different morphological types (submetacentric, subtelocentric,and acrocentric ones). We have revealed B chromosomes in root meristematic cells of E. lobulata and E. tanhoensis forthe first time. We suppose that the key developments in Eranthis karyotype`s evolution were pericentric inversions,polyploidy, and probably translocations.

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Chromosome studies on African plants. 9. Chromosome numbers in Ehrharta (Poaceae: Ehrharteae)

Bothalia ◽

10.4102/abc.v19i1.948 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 125-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. J. Spies ◽

E. J. L. Saayman ◽

S. P. Voges ◽

G. Davidse

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Ploidy Level ◽

Chromosome Numbers ◽

Basic Chromosome Number ◽

B Chromosomes ◽

Basic Chromosome ◽

Cytogenetic Studies ◽

African Plants ◽

First Time

Cytogenetic studies of 53 specimens of 14 species of the genus Ehrharta Thunb. confirmed a basic chromosome number of 12 for the genus. Chromosome numbers for 13 species are described for the first time. The highest ploidy level yet observed in the genus (2n = lOx = 120) is reported for E. villosa var. villosa. B chromosomes were observed in several specimens of four different species.

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Alteration of basic chromosome number by fusion–fission cycles

Genome ◽

10.1139/g95-170 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 1289-1292 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Ingo Schubert ◽

Rigomar Rieger ◽

Jörg Fuchs

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Vicia Faba ◽

Karyotype Evolution ◽

Basic Chromosome Number ◽

Metacentric Chromosome ◽

Field Bean ◽

Basic Chromosome ◽

Chromosome I ◽

First Time

A complete chromosomal fusion–fission cycle is described for the first time. In the field bean, Vicia faba, this cycle probably started with a reversible fusion of two telocentrics giving rise to the standard metacentric chromosome I. The next step was a recent fission of this chromosome into two stable telocentrics eventually followed by a new fusion reconstituting the metacentric chromosome.Key words: karyotype evolution, chromosome number, chromosomal fusion–fission cycle, Vicia faba.

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A taxonomic study on Centaurea sect. Rhizocalathium and C. sect. Pseudoseridia (Asteraceae, Cardueae–Centaureinae) in Iran

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.174.1.3 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 174 (1) ◽

pp. 43 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Kazem Negaresh ◽

MOHAMMAD REZA RAHIMINEJAD ◽

MASSOUD RANJBAR

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Basic Chromosome Number ◽

New Combination ◽

Taxonomic Study ◽

Basic Chromosome ◽

New Subspecies ◽

Taxonomic Review ◽

First Time

A taxonomic review of Centaurea sect. Rhizocalathium Tzvelev and C. sect. Pseudoseridia Wagenitz in Iran was carried out. The latter, with only one species, Centaurea stevenii, is reported here as new to Iran. In Centaurea sect. Rhizocalathium, C. lasiorhiza is treated as a correct name, C. ispahanica subsp. sirjanensis is described as a new subspecies and C. ispahanica subsp. macrocarpa is proposed as a new combination. Finally, C. ispahanica is typified and its chromosome number is reported for the first time, and a new basic chromosome number for C. sect. Rhizocalathium is proposed.

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Chromosome numbers in some species of Trifolium

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9690883 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 883 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

AJ Pritchard

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Chromosome Numbers ◽

Basic Chromosome Number ◽

Basic Chromosome ◽

First Time

The chromosome numbers of 31 species of Trifolium are reported, 18 for the first time. A reduction in basic chromosome number has occurred only in the three most highly specialized subgenera, and polyploids occur mainly in one of the more primitive subgenera.

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Chromosome numbers of selected species of Elatine L. (Elatinaceae)

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.2015.036 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 84 (4) ◽

pp. 413-417 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anna Kalinka ◽

Gábor Sramkó ◽

Orsolya Horváth ◽

Attila Molnár V. ◽

Agnieszka Popiela

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Chromosome Numbers ◽

Basic Chromosome Number ◽

Basic Chromosome ◽

First Time

The paper reports chromosome numbers for 13 taxa of Elatine L., including all 11 species occurring in Europe, namely E. alsinastrum, E. ambigua, E. brachysperma, E. brochonii, E. californica, E. campylosperma, E. gussonei, E. hexandra, E. hungarica, E. hydropiper, E. macropoda, E. orthosperma, E. triandra originating from 17, field-collected populations. For seven of them (E. ambigua, E. californica, E. campylosperma, E. brachysperma, E. brochonii, E. hungarica, E. orthosperma) the chromosome numbers are reported for the first time. With these records, chromosome numbers for the whole section Elatinella Seub. became available. Although 2n = 36 was reported to be the most common and the lowest chromosome number in the genus, our data show that out of thirteen species analyzed, six had 36 chromosomes but five species had 54 chromosomes, and the lowest number of chromosomes was 18. These data further corroborates that the basic chromosome number in Elatine is x = 9.

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Cytotaxonomy of Allium (Amaryllidaceae) subgenera Cyathophora and Amerallium sect. Bromatorrhiza

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.331.2.3 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 331 (2) ◽

pp. 185 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

MIN-JIE LI ◽

XIAN-LIN GUO ◽

JUAN LI ◽

SONG-DONG ZHOU ◽

QING LIU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Chromosome Numbers ◽

Karyotype Evolution ◽

Diploid Species ◽

Basic Chromosome Number ◽

Molecular Evidence ◽

Basic Chromosome ◽

Karyotype Asymmetry

In the present study, we examined the karyotype data of subg. Cyathophora and sect. Bromatorrhiza, to determine some disputed karyotypes (e.g., A. spicatum and A. fasciculatum), and further to estimate the karyotype evolution along their phylogenetic frameworks. Our results revealed a fairly stable basic chromosome number (x = 8) in subg. Cyathophora, and we therefore revised x = 8 as the basic chromosome number of A. spicatum, rather than x = 10 mostly due to misidentifications concerning A. fasciculatum. The karyotype asymmetry analyses for subg. Cyathophora indicated that, the karyotype evolution for diploid species showing a high karyotype similarity was mainly due to intrachromosomal changes, while the interchromosomal changes were linked to the evolution of tetraploid populations. However, indeed different dysploid basic chromosome numbers (x = 7, 10, 11) and greatly different karyotype patterns occurred in sect. Bromatorrhiza, corresponding to the subsections revealed by molecular evidence. The combined evidence suggested that species with x = 11 compose a segmental allotriploid complex. It was also indicated that karyotype pattern of polyploids usually is closely related with their diploid progenitors.

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Karyotype analysis of medicinal plant Liriope spicata var. prolifera (Liliaceae)

Biologia ◽

10.2478/s11756-009-0069-8 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Qun Zhou ◽

Jianqiu Zhou ◽

Jiachun Chen ◽

Xiaogang Wang

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Medicinal Plant ◽

Endemic Species ◽

Secondary Constriction ◽

Karyotype Analysis ◽

Basic Chromosome Number ◽

Separate Species ◽

Basic Chromosome ◽

First Time

AbstractKaryotype of Liriope spicata var. prolifera, a Chinese endemic species, was described in detail for the first time. Its proto-variety L. spicata was also investigated for comparison. The basic chromosome number of these two species was x = 18. L. spicata var. prolifera, recorded as triploid 2n = 54, consisted of 30 metacentric chromosomes and 24 submetacentric chromosomes. Only one chromosome of the 11th group had a secondary constriction with a satellite in the short arm. L. Spicata was tetraploid 2n = 72 and consisted of four sets of 6 submetacentric chromosomes and 12 metacentric chromosomes without visible satellites. This paper provides further available data on Liriope chromosomes, and also indicates that L. spicata var. prolifera and L. spicata are probably separate species.

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Extraction of disomic addition lines of Brassica napus – B. nigra

Genome ◽

10.1139/g89-463 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 408-413 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

J. Jahier ◽

A. M. Chèvre ◽

A. M. Tanguy ◽

F. Eber

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Chromosome Number ◽

Anther Culture ◽

Genome Structure ◽

Basic Chromosome Number ◽

Meiotic Pairing ◽

Addition Lines ◽

Basic Chromosome ◽

Disomic Addition Lines ◽

First Time

The hybrid Brassica napus × B. nigra was produced and backcrossed three times to rapeseed. BC3 genotypes with one or two additional chromosomes were either selfed or haplodiploidized by using anther culture followed by colchicine doubling. Thirty-four fertile disomic addition lines have so far been obtained. Meiotic pairing in most of them was close to 20 II at metaphase I of meiosis. Their characterization is in progress. This material obtained for the first time in B. napus should be of great interest in the study of genome structure and basic chromosome number in Brassica species.Key words: Brassica, genome, disomic addition lines, meiotic behaviour.

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Trends of karyotype evolution in the Neotropical long-legged crickets Phalangopsidae (Orthoptera, Grylloidea)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4938.1.5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4938 (1) ◽

pp. 101-116

Author(s):

VÍTOR FALCHI TIMM ◽

LUCIANO DE PINHO MARTINS ◽

RIULER CORRÊA ACOSTA ◽

NEUCIR SZINWELSKI ◽

MARCELO RIBEIRO PEREIRA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Karyotype Evolution ◽

Chromosome Morphology ◽

Valid Species ◽

Diverse Group ◽

Evolutionary Time ◽

Fundamental Number ◽

Pericentric Inversions ◽

First Time

Phalangopsids are a diverse group of crickets found in all tropical and subtropical regions, and includes 1044 valid species. Up to now, only 22 species were studied cytologically, with the chromosome number ranging from 2n = 11 to 2n = 21. In this paper we studied the chromosomes of 12 phalangopsid species from different Brazilian biomes (eight of them reported for the first time), and we traced some trends on chromosomal derivation in this group, based on chromosome morphology and fundamental number. We found that in the phalangopsid species the karyotype concentrates a large amount of metacentric chromosomes, the result of successive centric fusions over evolutionary time. Moreover, pericentric inversions and translocations have been also important in the chromosomal derivation of these crickets.

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Cytotaxonomic Study of Hypodematium (Hypodematiaceae) from China

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.161.2.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 161 (2) ◽

pp. 101 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Renxiang Wang ◽

Wen Shao ◽

Ling Liu

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Chromosome Numbers ◽

Habitat Preferences ◽

Northeast Asia ◽

Basic Chromosome Number ◽

Basic Chromosome ◽

Dry Conditions ◽

Diakinesis Stage ◽

First Time ◽

Meiosis I

Chromosome numbers and reproductive biology of nine species of the fern genus Hypodematium (Hypodematiaceae) from China were investigated. The chromosome numbers of eight species are reported here for the first time: H. daochengensis n=41 (41 II); H. fordii n=40 (40 II), n=80 (40 II+40 I), 2n=120; H. glanduloso-pilosum n=41 (41 II), 2n=82, 2n=123; H. gracile n=41 (41 II); H. hirsutum n= 41 (41 II); H. microleptoides n=41 (41 II); H. sinense n= 40 (40 II) and H. squamuloso-pilosum n=41 (41 II). Two cytotypes, n=82 (41 II+41 I) and 2n=123 in H. crenatum, are reported for the first time. Our results showed that the species with these cytotypes are agamospermous triploids: H. crenatum n = 82 (41 II +41 I), H. glanduloso-pilosum n = 82 (41 II +41 I) and H. fordii n = 80 (40 II +40 I), based on the unequal size and presence of aborted spores in the sporangium, and the allotriploid hybrid chromosomes in the spore mother cell at the diakinesis stage of meiosis I. The remaining species are sexual diploids and tetraploids, based on the chromosome number n = 41 and n =82 at the diakinesis stage of meiosis I of spore mother cells. The relationships among habitat preferences, frond hairs and reproductive modes in Hypodematium are discussed and illustrated. It appears that plants with large fronds and sparse, thin hairs, living in humid and shady places undergo sexual reproduction, while small plants living in sunny and dry conditions with thick hairs undergo agamospermous reproduction. The distribution pattern and basic chromosome number all indicated the basic chromosome number x= 41 was plesiomorphic, whereas x=40 was apomorphic. Chromosome aneuploid changes occurred in this genus. The distribution of the sexual diploids and tetraploids and agamospermous triploids suggests that the genus might have originated in the Himalayas and dispersed from there to northeast Asia and Japan.

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